2023年考研英语二
Reading Comprehension
Text 1
In the quest for the perfect lawn, homeowners across the country are taking a shortcut — and it is the environment that is paying the price. About eight million square metres of plastic grass is sold each year but opposition has now spread to the highest gardening circles. The Chelsea Flower Show has banned fake grass from this year's event, declaring it to be not part of its ethos. The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), which runs the annual show in west London, says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity.
在追求完美草坪的过程中,全英国的房主们正采取一种捷径——而为此付出代价的却是环境。英国每年售出约800万平方米的塑料草皮,但如今反对声浪已蔓延至最高级别的园艺界。切尔西花展宣布将人造草皮排除在今年展会之外,声明其不符合展会理念。主办这场伦敦西部年度盛事的英国皇家园艺学会(RHS)表示,实施禁令是因为塑料草皮会破坏环境及生物多样性。
【塑料草皮不可降解,长期使用会污染土壤,影响微生物和昆虫的生存,进而破坏生态平衡。
人造草坪无法为蜜蜂、蝴蝶等传粉昆虫提供栖息地,加剧了城市生态系统的单一化。
政策动向:部分欧洲国家已开始立法限制塑料草坪的使用,未来可能在全球范围内推广类似禁令。这一现象反映了环保理念与便利性之间的冲突,也促使人们重新思考城市绿化与生态保护的平衡。】
Ed Horne, of the RHS, said: “We launched our sustainability strategy last year and fake grass is just not in line with our ethos and views on plastic. We recommend using real grass because of its environmental benefits, which include supporting wildlife, alleviating flooding and cooling theenvironment.”
英国皇家园艺学会(RHS)的Ed Horne表示:"我们去年推出了可持续发展战略,人造草皮完全不符合我们对于塑料问题的理念和立场。我们推荐使用天然草坪,因为它具有诸多环境效益,包括支持野生动物生存、缓解洪涝灾害以及降低环境温度。"
【RHS明确将人造草皮排除在其可持续发展战略之外,体现了该机构对环境保护的坚定承诺。
天然草坪的三大核心优势:
生态价值:为昆虫、鸟类等野生动物提供栖息地
水文调节:天然土壤和植被系统能有效吸收雨水,减少城市内涝
降温效应:通过蒸腾作用调节局部气候,缓解城市热岛效应
作为英国最具影响力的园艺机构,RHS的立场可能推动整个园艺行业向更环保的方向发展。
该声明将促使更多家庭重新考虑庭院设计,在美观性和生态效益之间寻求平衡。
RHS的做法可能为政府制定相关环保政策提供参考依据,推动更严格的塑料制品使用限制。
这一表态反映了当代园艺理念的重要转变,即从单纯追求美观转向兼顾生态功能的可持续发展模式。随着气候变化问题日益严峻,这种基于自然解决方案(Nature-based Solutions)的绿化方式将获得更多关注。】
The RHS's decision comes as campaigners try to raise awareness of the problems fake grass causes. A Twitter account, which claims to “cut through the green-wash” of artificial grass, already has more than 20,000 followers. It is trying to encourage people to sign two petitions, one calling for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an “ecological damage” tax on such lawns. They have gathered 7,276 and 11, 282 signatures.
英国皇家园艺学会(RHS)做出这一决定之际,环保人士正努力提升公众对人造草皮所带来问题的认知。一个自称要"揭穿人造草皮绿色伪装"的推特账号已拥有超过2万名粉丝,该账号正积极推动人们签署两份请愿书:一份呼吁禁止塑料草皮的销售,另一份则要求对此类草坪征收"生态损害税"。目前两份请愿已分别收集到7,276和11,282个签名。
However, supporters of fake grass point out that there is also an environmental impact with natural lawns, which need mowing and therefore usually consume electricity or petrol. The industry also points out that real grass requires considerable amounts of water, weedkiller or other treatments and that people who lay fake grass tend to use their garden more. The industry also claims that people who lay fake grass spend an average of £500 on trees or shrubs for their garden, which provides habitat for insects.
人造草皮的支持者则指出,天然草坪同样存在环境影响——需要定期修剪,因此通常会消耗电力或汽油。该行业还强调,天然草坪需要大量用水、除草剂或其他养护措施,而铺设人造草皮的业主往往会更频繁地使用花园。行业数据显示,安装人造草皮的用户平均会花费500英镑购置花园树木或灌木,这些植物能为昆虫提供栖息地。
【天然草坪的维护确实需要能源投入,主要来自电动/燃油割草机的使用。
天然草坪生长依赖水资源灌溉,且需要化学药剂维持美观。
人造草坪可能提升户外空间利用率,间接增加与自然的接触机会。
行业强调消费者会通过配套种植进行生态补偿。
这一争论揭示了环境评估中的复杂性,任何绿化方案都存在利弊权衡。未来理想的解决方案可能需要结合人造材料的耐用性和自然生态的可持续性,发展新型混合型绿化系统。相关讨论也提示我们需要建立更全面的园林绿化生态评估体系。】
In response to another petition last year about banning fake lawns, which gathered 30,000 signatures, the government responded that it has “no plans to ban the use of artificial grass”.
英国政府针对去年另一份要求禁止人造草坪的请愿(已收集3万个签名)作出回应,表示"目前没有计划禁止人造草坪的使用"。
【官方表态暂不考虑立法禁止人造草坪,为行业提供政策确定性。
尽管环保请愿获得显著支持(3万签名),但尚未达到政策转变的临界点。
政府的回应为人造草坪行业争取了继续发展的缓冲期。
短期内可能维持现状,但长期或随环保压力加大而调整。】
It added: “We prefer to help people and organizations make the right choice rather than legislating on such matters. However, the use of artificial grass must comply with the legal and policy safeguards in place to protect biodiversity and ensure sustainable drainage, while measures such as the strengthened biodiversity duty should serve to encourage public authorities to consider sustainable alternatives.”
英国政府补充表示:"我们更倾向于帮助个人和组织做出正确选择,而非对此类事务进行立法干预。不过,人造草坪的使用必须符合现行保护生物多样性的法律政策规范,并确保可持续排水。同时,《生物多样性强化责任》等法规应当推动公共部门考虑可持续的替代方案。"
【体现"引导替代强制"的现代环境治理思路,强调教育引导而非简单禁止。
明确人造草坪使用仍需遵守现有环保法规(特别是生物多样性保护条例)。
特别指出需符合可持续排水标准,呼应城市内涝防治需求。
通过《生物多样性强化责任》法规倒逼政府部门率先采用生态方案。
展现"软性引导+硬性底线"的组合式监管策略。
这一表态揭示了英国环境政策制定的典型特征:在保持法律刚性的同时,通过政策引导培育社会自觉。其分层治理策略(公民自愿选择-企业合规经营-政府示范引领)为我国城市绿化管理提供了有益借鉴,特别是在处理类似塑胶跑道、仿真绿植等争议性产品时,可参考这种"设定底线+鼓励创新"的弹性管理模式。】
21. The RHS thinks that plastic grass _____
A. is harmful to the environment.
B. is a hot topic in gardening circles.
C. is overpraised in the annual show.
D. is ruining the view of west London.
21. 英国皇家园艺学会(RHS)认为塑料草坪_____
A. 对环境有害。
B.是园艺界的一个热门话题。
C. 在年度表演中受到了过度赞扬。
D. 正在破坏西伦敦的景观。
22. The petitions mentioned in Paragraph 3 reveal the campaigners’ _____
A. disappointment with the RHS.
B. resistance to fake grass use.
C. anger over the proposed tax.
D. concern about real grass supply.
22. 第3段中提到的请愿书揭示了活动人士的_____
A. 对RHS的失望。
B. 对假草使用的抵抗力。
C. 对拟议税收的愤怒。
D. 对实际草料供应的担忧。
23. In Paragraph 4, supporters of fake grass point out _____
A. the necessity to lower the costs of fake grass.
B. the disadvantages of growing real grass.
C. the way to take care of artificial lawns.
D. the challenges of insect habitat protection.
23. 在第4段中,人造草的支持者指出_____
A. 降低人造草成本的必要性。
B. 种植真草的缺点。
C. 养护人造草坪的方法。
D. 昆虫栖息地保护所面临的挑战。
24. What would the government do with regard to artificial grass?
A. Urge legislation to restrict its use.
B. Take measures to guarantee its quality.
C. Remind its users to obey existing rules.
D. Replace it with sustainable alternatives.
24. 政府在人造草坪方面会采取什么措施?
A. 敦促立法限制其使用。
B. 采取措施保证其质量。
C. 提醒其用户遵守现有规则。
D. 用可持续替代品取而代之。
25. It can be learned from the text that fake grass _____
A. is being improved continuously.
B. has seen a market share decline.
C. is becoming increasingly affordable.
D. has been a controversial product.
25. 从文中可以了解到,假草_____
A. 正在持续改进。
B. 市场份额有所下降。
C. 变得越来越便宜。
D. 一直是一个有争议的产品。
答案:
21.A
22.B
23.B
24.C
25.D