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口腔考研真题分享丨口腔解剖

  • 2026-04-23 20:27:48
口腔考研真题分享丨口腔解剖

真题分享

三种颌位及其作用
（1）颌位是指下颌的位置，即下颌骨相对于上颌骨或颅骨的关系。下颌的三个基本颌位分别是牙尖交错位、后退接触位、下颌姿势位。
①牙尖交错位(ICP) :是指牙尖交错合时，下颌骨相对于上颌骨或颅骨的位置:牙列缺失的患者，由于没有对合牙的存在，牙尖交错位消失，而唯一稳定、 可重复的是正中关系位，即当下颌髁突位于关节凹居中偏后，而周围组织不受限制的生理后位。
有自然牙列的正常合者，牙尖交错位位于正中关系位的前约 1mm 的范围内或二者重叠。
②后退接触位(RCP) 是指从牙尖交错位开始，下倾还可以向后下移动少许，约 1mm,此时上、下颌部分后牙斜面接触，前牙不接触，髁突位于下颌窝的最后、上、中的位置。
牙列缺失的患者，由于没有牙列的支持和牙尖的锁结，下颌会向各个方向移动，因而，下颌后退位并不得是唯一、可重复的参考位，同时，长期牙列缺失会导致下很不自觉前伸习惯，致后退接触位较失牙前更靠前。

光芒万丈，不及你眸中柔光

③下颌姿势位(MPP):是指当人直立或端坐，两眼平视前方，不咀嚼、不看明、不说话，下颌处于休息状态，上下牙不接触时，下颌所处的位置。
牙列缺失的患者，下颌姿势位依然存在，但是由于面下 1/3 距离变短，下颌姿势位也并非停留在失牙前的位置，而更靠前上。
（2）三者之间的关系：
①RCP 与 ICP 之间的关系:从后退接触位开始，下倾向前上无偏斜或偏斜小于 0.5mm 地移动约 1mm,即达到牙尖交错位，移动中双侧后牙均匀对称接触， 此关系亦叫长正中。

抱怨身处黑暗，不如提灯前行

② MPP 与 ICP 的关系:主要表现为垂直方向的关系，下颌从姿势位向前上移动 1-3mm， 即达到牙尖交错位。
全口义齿主要需确定正中关系位和息止合位，以恢复髁突生理后位和垂直距离。
全口义齿咬合形式与自然牙列不同在于平衡合。平衡合是指在正中合及下颌作前伸、侧方运动等非正中运动时，上下颌相关的牙都能同时接触。包括前伸合平衡和侧方合平衡。
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  139. /yingpanguazai/ssd/ssd1/www/www.sjds.net/runtime/temp/5febe16c9207553ef9b4c4406f7af920.php ( 12.06 KB )
  140. /yingpanguazai/ssd/ssd1/www/www.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000386s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_sjds;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.000561s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000281s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000252s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000471s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000195s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000497s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 482299 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000392s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1776973729 WHERE `id` = 482299 [ RunTime:0.003839s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 65 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000234s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 482299 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000439s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 482299 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000341s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 482299 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.001826s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 482299 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.003117s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 482299 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.001076s ]
0.081968s