长难句精读丨Vol.08-考研真题实例句子解读

estimate

n.估价；估算 v.估计；估算

eliminate

v.淘汰；消除；排除

substantial

adj.真实的；坚固的；大量的；重要的

labour-rights

劳工权益；劳工权利

corporate

adj.公司的；法人的；全体的

give

v.给；提供；交给；托付

result in

导致

fine

n/v.罚款

generally

adv.总体上；通常；普遍地

punishment

n.惩罚；处罚；刑罚

bribe

n/v.贿赂

official

n.官员 adj.官方的；正式的

We estimate that either eliminating a substant-ial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% r-esults in fines that generally are 40% lower th-an the typical punishment for bribing foreign  officials.

①该长难句的主句是We estimate,“We”是主语，“estimate”是谓语。

②estimate后面 that 引导的宾语从句，that作为引导词可省略，因为estimate后接宾语从句时，引导词that常可省略；主语为either...or...并列的动名词短语，分别表示两种企业合规行为；谓语为results in，表示导致的结果；宾语为fines，后接that引导的定语从句修饰，说明罚款幅度较行贿处罚低40%的具体比较关系。整体结构呈现“条件行为—导致结果—结果特征”的逻辑链条。

语法成分：We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% low-er than the typical punishment for bribing fore-ign officials.

【翻译】：我们估计，不论是消除一项重大的劳工权利的担忧，如童工问题，还是增加20%的公司捐赠，都会导致该公司因行贿外国官员被判的罚款比通常判罚少40%。

This has created a "paradox" in that recruiting  first-generation students, but then watching m-any of them fail, means that higher education  has continued to reproduce and widen, rather  than close achievement gap based on social cl-ass, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.

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