【免责声明】
1. 水平有限，时间仓促，难免有翻译不到位之处，敬请批评指正。
2. 记号：高亮——本人在翻译时查了词典的词（生词肯定不止这些，但在翻译时本就需要根据上下文合理推测语义，在有限时间内无法查遍所有生词）；下划线——需要注意的关键点/仍不确定之处，欢迎讨论。
【简评】英汉第一篇比较常规，第二篇和去年一样关注本专业（感觉是未来的一种趋势，想想前年考的还是体育呢，记忆犹新）；汉英话题都不新，第一篇表达略口语化，同时考察对生动比喻的准确翻译，应考虑科普类文本的目的；第二篇中规中矩（还是觉得前年的正式法条规章更难翻译一些，这篇应该是政府工作报告节选？）。
E-C-1 欧元区经济衰退
According to Germany’s Federal Statistical Office (Destatis), outputin Germany fell slightly in the third quarter, increasing the risk of a recession in Europe’s biggest economy. And its GDP dropped by 0.1 percent in the July-to-September period compared with the previous quarter, when it grew by 0.1 percent.
德国联邦统计局(Destatis)的调查显示，德国第三季度产出小幅下降，加剧了这一欧洲最大经济体的经济衰退风险。7-9月（第三季度），德国的国民生产总值(GDP)较上一季度环比下降0.1个百分点，而在第二季度，这一数字上升了0.1个百分点。
注：output在这里不是出口量的意思。
Though investment by companies into machinery and equipment made a positive contribution to GDP, a fall in consumer spending drove the decline. The data bodes ill for the entire area that uses the euro because Germany is the largest of its 20 economies. Germany’s economy is once again teetering on the brink of a technical recession. A technical recession is defined as two consecutive quarters of declining output.
机械和装备制造业投资虽为GDP作出了正向贡献，消费者支出的下降还是导致了GDP的减少。德国作为欧元区二十个经济体中最大的一个，这一数据（的下降）对整个区域来说都不是个利好的消息。德国经济再次濒临技术性衰退的边缘——即连续两个季度产出下降。
The German economy has been flirting with recession for almost a year. GDP shrank in the final three months of 2022 before stagnating in the first quarter of this year. (An initial estimate by the statistics office has shown two consecutive quarters of declining output.)
近一年来，德国的经济一直笼罩在衰退的阴霾之下。其GDP在2022年第四季度一度缩水，而后在今年第一季度陷入停滞。（据德国联邦统计局初步估算，该国连续两个季度出现产出下降。）
Economists say the picture is unlikely to improve soon, as the country’s vast manufacturing sector grapples with weak Chinese demand, high energy costs and painful interest rate hikes. Companies in the sector are shedding jobs at the fastest rate in three years, as new orders decline and confidence remains deeply negative.
经济学家指出，由于德国大规模制造业正努力应对中国市场的薄弱需求，且能源价格昂贵、利率大幅上升，这种情况短期内不大可能得到改善。随着新订单减少、（行业发展）信心持续低迷，该领域企业正以近三年来的最快速率进行着裁员。
There was better news on inflation. Consumer prices rose by 3 percent on average in October compared with a year ago, according to an initial estimate. This marked a sharp slowdown from a rate of 4.3 percent in September.
相较之下，通货膨胀的情况稍显乐观。据初步估算，10月份的消费者价格与前年同期相比平均增长3个百分点。但与9月份同比增长4.3个百分点相比大幅放缓。
While Germany’s economy may be particularly hard-hit, business activity in the rest of the euro area has also been lackluster and economists think a period of stagnation, or even a mild recession, is looming in the region. A recent survey of companies in the eurozone’s manufacturing and services sectors signaled a steep decline in output in October. The outlook for demand for goods and services also worsened.
德国的经济遭受着尤其沉重的打击，而欧元区其余国家的商业活动也显得暗淡无光。经济学家认为，整个欧元区正笼罩在一段经济停滞乃至轻微衰退之中。近期的一项针对欧元区制造与服务业企业的调查表明，10月份，该领域产出急剧减少。商品与服务需求前景进一步恶化。
Still, third-quarter GDP data in the euro area is a “mixed bag so far”. While Germany and Austria contracted, Belgium and Spain grew strongly. This makes it likely that euro zone GDP did not contract in the third quarter—but a small decline in the fourth quarter is a realistic prospect.
截至目前，欧元区第三季度的GDP数据仍处于“几家欢喜几家愁”的状态。尽管德国、奥地利的GDP出现萎缩，比利时和西班牙的此项数据正强劲增长。这种情况预示着欧元区GDP在第三季度总体可能不会出现萎缩，但仍难逃第四季度将小幅下降的现实预期。
E-C-2 翻译错误的历史影响
Translation is the silent waiter who only gets noticed only when he makes mistakes. Sometimes these are relatively minor errors.
翻译就像一名沉默的服务员，只有当它出错时才会受人注意。有时，这些错误相对较小。
But history is littered with more consequential mistranslations — erroneous, intentional or simply misunderstood. For a job that often involves endless hours poring over books or laptop screens, translation can prove surprisingly hazardous.
但历史上出现得更多的是后果更为严重的误译——它们有的出于错误，有的出于故意，有的可能单纯由误解导致。作为一项经常需要长时间翻阅书籍或面对笔记本电脑屏幕的工作，翻译出人意料地危险。
Nikita Khrushchev’s infamous statement in 1956—“We will bury you”— ushered in one of the Cold War’s most dangerous phases, one rife with paranoia and conviction that both sides were out to destroy the other. But it turns out that’s not what he said, not in Russian, anyway. Khrushchev’s actual declaration was “We will outlast you” — prematurely boastful, perhaps, but not quite the declaration of hostilities most Americans heard, thanks to his interpreter’s mistake.
1956年，尼基塔·赫鲁晓夫的一句“臭名昭著”的“我们将把你们埋葬”的宣告把冷战引向了一段最危险的时期，社会上充满猜忌和对（美苏）双方将摧毁彼此的坚信。事实上，这并非赫鲁晓夫想要表达的本意，至少这句话在俄语中的意思并非如此。赫鲁晓夫真正想说的是“我们希望和你们维持长久的关系”——这样的设想或许为时过早且显得夸大其词，但也绝不像大部分美国人听到的那样充满敌意——一切误会归根结底是口译员的错。
The response of Kantaro Suzuki, prime minister of Japan, to an Allied ultimatum in July 1945 — just days before Hiroshima (广岛) — was conveyed to Harry Truman as “silent contempt”, when it was actually intended as “No comment. We need more time.” Japan was not given any.
1945年7月，就在广岛核爆发生的前几天，时任日本首相铃木贯太郎对盟军最后通牒的答复在汇报给杜鲁门总统时被表述为“无声的蔑视”，实际上，铃木首相本意是说“（后续计划）无可奉告，我们需要更多时间”。显然，美国没有再给日本更多的时间。
And the events of Sept. 11, and everything that followed, might well have been averted had the Arabic-language messages that American intelligence intercepted on Sept. 10 been processed sooner than the 12th — a matter less of misreading than ofpersonnel shortages, but a failure of translation nonetheless.
如果美国于9月10日拦截的阿拉伯语信息可以在9月12日前得到处理，9·11事件及后续一切或许就可以避免。最后，这些信息未能及时得到处理并非因为误读，而是由于翻译人手不足导致，但归根结底都是一次翻译的失败。
These are recent instances, but examples stretch back to antiquity. The Bible, reportedly the most translated book of all time, has begotten not only the longest-running debates about translation, including the endless war between fidelity and felicity, but also some notable misconceptions.
以上都是相对近期发生的一些事件，但类似例子可上溯至古代。据传，《圣经》是有史以来被翻译最多的书籍，不仅引发了人们长久以来对其翻译的争论——包括“忠实”与“匠心”的无尽之争，也导致了一些值得注意的误解。
When Jerome, the patron saint of translators, rendered the Bible into Latin, he introduced a pun that created one of the most potent symbols of Christian iconography, turning the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil into the tree of apples.
翻译者的守护圣人杰罗姆将《圣经》翻译为拉丁文时引入了一个双关语，将“善恶知识之树”译为“苹果树”，创造出基督教中最著名的意象之一。
Of course, “mistranslation” is often in the eye of the beholder, and its consequences can range from the philosophical to the fatal. A populist English translation of the New Testament by the 16th-century scholar William Tyndale got him executed by the clergy for heresy.
当然，“误译”常常是从观者视角而言，它可能引发从哲学层面到致命的种种后果。16世纪的学者威廉·廷代尔译著了《新约》的一个通俗英译本，但最终被神职人员以异端之名处死。
More recently, The Armed Forces Journal reported in 2011 that interpreters in Iraq were “10 times more likely to die in combat than deployed American or international forces.” Perhaps, in a further twist on the old Italian pun “translator, traitor”, neither the troops they were interpreting for nor the enemy they were speaking to had complete faith in what they related.
更近的一个例子出自《武装力量杂志》2011年的一篇报道。报道称，身处伊拉克的译员“相较于美国派遣军或其他国际军事力量，在冲突中死亡的概率要高出10倍”。这或许可以用一句古老的意大利双关语来解释——“译者即叛徒”，无论是他们所服务于的军队，还是需要他们去对话的对方军队，都无法完全信任他们翻译的内容。
C-E-1 人工智能
人工智能是个热门话题。自从ChatGPT爆火以来，大家都在讨论如何在全球AI领域中取得领先优势。人工智能的快速发展取决于三个核心要素：算法、算力和数据。首先，我国拥有庞大的互联网用户群体，是产生大数据的主要动力。但如何采集并有效应用这些大数据则是个挑战。其次，算力是数据转变为知识的基础设施，ChatGPT之所以取得了惊人的效果，正是基于创新的算法和精益求精的工程化能力。所以，要大力发展人工智能的算法及工程应用。
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a hot topic. Since ChatGPT went viral, people have all been discussing how to take the lead in the global AI industry. The rapid development of AI depends on three key factors: algorithms, computing power and data. First, China has a large group of netizens, who is the major drive of big data generation. Yet how to collect big data and apply it efficiently remains a challenge. Second, computing power serves as infrastructure that transforms data into knowledge. The surprising effect made by ChatGPT is precisely based on innovative algorithms and refinedengineering capability. Therefore, we need to vigorously develop the algorithmic and engineering applications of AI.
那么，是否有了数据、有了算法的结构、有了算力，那就万事大吉了呢？实际上这是一个十分复杂的过程。和造芯片一样，原理大家都懂，魔鬼在细节。打个比方吧，大数据好比食材，想要菜品好，必须有好食材。算力好比厨具和火候，没有合适的厨具，火候掌握得不好，也不行。当然，菜是不是好吃，靠厨师。厨师就好比算法。
So, is it enough when we possess the data, the algorithmic structure and the computing power? Actually, this is a very complex process. As most people understand the principles of chip manufacturing, how about the details during this process? Compare it to making dishes: big data serves as ingredients—a delicious dish comes from good materials; computing power is like the cooker and heat, which are both indispensable; most importantly, the flavor of a dish depends on the chef, to whom we compare the algorithm.
C-E-2 中国积极促进性别平等工作
中国始终坚持男女平等的宪法原则，将男女平等作为促进国家社会发展的一项基本国策，不断完善法律法规，制定公共政策，编制发展规划，持续推进性别平等与妇女发展。
China has always upheld the constitutional principle of gender equality, regarding it as a basic state policy that promotes national and social progress. Through continuously improving laws and regulations, formulating public policies and development plans, China steadily advances gender equality and women’s development.
扶贫战略中，统筹考虑城镇化、老龄化、市场化及气候变化等因素对妇女贫困的影响，加大妇女扶贫脱贫力度。贫困妇女人数大幅减少，妇女贫困程度不断降低。
China’s poverty-elimination policies comprehensively consider the effects by urbanization, aging, marketization and climate change on women’s poverty, and put more efforts on supporting underprivileged women and freeing them from poverty. Against this backdrop, the number of underprivileged women has dropped drastically while women’s poverty level has continued to fall.
就业是民生之本。国家制定和完善法律法规，促进公平就业，消除就业性别歧视。针对不同妇女群体就业创业中面临的困难，国家出台支持性政策措施。2021年全国女性就业人数为3.2亿，占就业总数的43.1%。
Employment is the foundation of people’s well-being. China has formulated and refined relevant laws and regulations to promote equal employment and eliminate gender discrimination in the workplace. It has also introduced supportive policies and measures to solve the difficulties that different groups of women face in seeking or launching. The total number of female workers in China reached 320 million in 2021, accounting for 43.1% of the total workforce.
中国积极促进教育公平，努力保障男女平等接受教育的权利和机会。女性接受初中及以上，特别是高等教育的机会显著增加。全国15岁及以上女性文盲率已由1979年的20.5%降至2017年的7.3%。
China actively promotes educational equityand strives to ensure equal educational rights and opportunities for men and women. Women now have significantly better access to junior-high-and-above education, especially higher education. The illiteracy rate of women aged 15 and above dropped from 20.5% in 1979 to 7.3% in 2017.
（完）
