四级阅读30天 第2天

圈特征，找段落；对关系，核细节。

圈特征 先读懂题干中的人物、事件、时间和否定，找出能区分段落的特征。

找段落 带着特征查找A—L段落；相同词只能定位，不能直接确定答案。

对关系 核对谁做什么、原因和结果是否对应，识别同义表达。

核细节 再查人物、地点、时长、范围与程度，排除相似段落。

阅读顺序：方法 → Directions要求 → 题干与翻译 → 对应原文与标记 → 核对关系和干扰。词语、短语及结构讲解保留在题后表格。

先看原卷要求：这几句决定你怎样作答。

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

中文：本部分有一篇文章和十条陈述。每条陈述的信息来自某一段；找出该段并填涂段落字母。一个段落可以选不止一次，答案填在答题卡二。

重点：选的是段落字母，不是判断正误；同一段可以重复选择。

ten statements 十条陈述，分别找到所对应的段落。

Identify the paragraph 识别信息来自哪个段落，填段落字母。

more than once 同一段可以选多次，不能擅自按每段限用一次排除。

Answer Sheet 2 将相应字母填涂在答题卡二。

词语与短语：attached to it＝附在文章之后；identify＝识别；be derived from＝来自；corresponding＝相应的；be marked with a letter＝用字母标示。

结构拆解：Each statement contains information是主干；given in one of the paragraphs是过去分词短语，修饰information。the paragraph from which the information is derived中，from which引导定语从句，说明信息来自该段。

作答动作：may choose表示允许选择；more than once表示不止一次。by marking …说明作答方式：填涂相应字母，不是抄写段落或只在题旁打勾。

①圈特征：直接看题干的背景色标记。

36. The author's daughtersleptthroughout the last leg of their flight to Great Barrier Island.

题目翻译：作者的女儿在飞往大屏障岛的最后一段航程中一直睡着。

对应原文 C 段：先看色块，再核对关系。

C) After a 28-hour flight with two travel-sick children, our hearts sank when we saw the tiny twin engine 10-seater that was to take us the 90 km across the Hauraki Gulf to Great Barrier Island. But we needn't have worried. Whether it was the gravity force of the plane climbing or the noise of the engine, it put our three-year-old daughterinstantly to sleepuntil we bumped down on the grass at Claris Airport. Our first empty sick bag against all the odds... Things were looking up.

②找段落：先找daughter与flight，再区分两位女儿。C写最后一段小飞机，A写凌晨看星，G写观星时的热巧克力。

③对关系：slept 对应 put … to sleep；throughout the last leg 对应 instantly … until …。

④核细节：核对三岁女儿、最后一段小飞机、入睡到降落的完整时段；不能只看到daughter就选A。

防干扰：A也是女儿和飞行后状态，但说九岁女儿与作者清醒看星；G提大女儿与热巧克力，不涉及睡眠。

①圈特征：直接看题干的背景色标记。

37. The lodge where the author stayed provided very delicious food.

题目翻译：作者所住旅馆提供非常美味的食物。

对应原文 I 段：先看色块，再核对关系。

I) We stayed at Mount St Paul's Estate, a luxurious lodge run by the friendly Chris and Teara, both from Canada. Teara used to be a chef at the Langham in Auckland and so dinner, eaten around a huge circular table (made of one of the most ancient trees in the world), was every bit as mouth-watering as you'd expect. Eating pancakes on the balcony overlooking the unspoilt white sandy beach was a great way to start the day.

②找段落：lodge只能帮助找住宿相关段，delicious food才是判定特征。I写晚餐和早餐，A虽有旅馆阳台却不评价食物。

③对关系：delicious 对应 mouth-watering；the lodge where … stayed 对应 We stayed at … a luxurious lodge。

④核细节：不要把G段观星服务提供的热巧克力当成旅馆餐饮；核对食物属于哪里。

防干扰：A有lodge balcony但不谈食物品质；G的hot chocolate只是观星服务，不是住宿旅馆餐饮。

①圈特征：直接看题干的背景色标记。

38. Many people are attracted to Great Barrier Island because of the incredible fishing sites around it.

题目翻译：许多人被大屏障岛吸引，是因为岛周围有绝佳垂钓地点。

对应原文 E 段：先看色块，再核对关系。

E) The climate here is subtropical (亚热带的) like Auckland's. The island boasts a beautiful wilderness with dense forests, glorious, unspoilt sandy beaches and plenty of bays and a few mountainous areas where there are good walking tracks among the wetlands and valleys. You can birdwatch, dive, surf and boat. The best beaches are on the eastern side of the island where the surf is better, too. The sheltered western side is where you'll find the best diving and boating. Lots of people come here for the fantastic fishing spots around the island. Like a lot of spots in New Zealand, there are whale-watching trips and you might just catch sight of sharks.

②找段落：fishing是区分度高的活动词，找到E后再读come here for，确认来访原因。

③对关系：Many people 对应 Lots of people；are attracted … because of 对应 come here for；incredible fishing sites 对应 fantastic fishing spots。

④核细节：是许多游客为垂钓而来，不是作者为观星而来；B的暗夜资格不能回答这一活动原因。

防干扰：B讲吸引作者的暗夜资格而非垂钓；K列陶艺和景观，不提游客为钓鱼而来。

①圈特征：直接看题干的背景色标记。

39. A well-known artistfailed to purchase a house on Great Barrier Island.

题目翻译：一位著名艺术家未能在大屏障岛买到房子。

对应原文 L 段：先看色块，再核对关系。

L) Apparently the island council turned down famous musician Paul McCartney's application to buy a property at Great Barrier Island because of the unwelcome attention he would have brought. You can see why he wanted to come here; equally, the island knows exactly what kind of star watching it prefers.

②找段落：找名人购房事件。L出现Paul McCartney与购房申请被拒；F、K虽也出现艺术工作者，但事件不同。

③对关系：well-known artist 对应 famous musician；failed to purchase a house 对应 turned down … application to buy a property。

④核细节：核对失败事件和否定方向。不能只看到artist；property与house也并非任何语境都能互换。

防干扰：F有艺术家但指旧日社区，未购房被拒；K有艺术家Sarah，她在岛上工作，并非申请购房失败。

①圈特征：直接看题干的背景色标记。

40. Unable to fall asleep after a long flight, the author was pleased to enjoy the most gorgeous view of the night sky in his life.

题目翻译：长途飞行后无法入睡，作者却很高兴欣赏到生平最美的夜空。

对应原文 A 段：先看色块，再核对关系。

A) I was glad I had such terrible jetlag. Wide awake at 3:30 am with our nine-year-old daughter on our lodge balcony, I stared for hours at the most incredible night sky I've ever seen before the dawn slowly started to rub out the stars on the horizon and the multiple shooting stars faded away.

②找段落：night sky在多段出现，叠加作者失眠又高兴这一特别经历，定位A。

③对关系：Unable to fall asleep 对应 terrible jetlag；Wide awake；pleased；most gorgeous 对应 glad；most incredible。

④核细节：主角是作者，不是C段睡着的三岁女儿。H讲导游的星空介绍，也不是这次凌晨经历。

防干扰：C也有长途飞行，但女儿睡着，不是作者看夜空；H是导游讲解星体，不是作者失眠的最初体验。

①圈特征：直接看题干的背景色标记。

41. Great Barrier Island is compared to another island which attracted a lot of artists and people who wished to stay away from city life half a century ago.

题目翻译：人们把大屏障岛比作另一座岛屿；半个世纪前，那里吸引了许多艺术家及想远离城市生活的人。

对应原文 F 段：先看色块，再核对关系。

F) It's rare to find an island that really does feel undiscovered—but this is it. When one of my wife's relations, who comes here regularly, found out that we'd been there, he whispered to us, only half-joking: "Shh—don't tell anyone!" The locals are a relaxed and friendly bunch—a lot of them told us that it's like what Waiheke Island (now in effect a suburb of Auckland) was in the 1970s when it was a commune of artists and people wanting to escape the city.

②找段落：另一座岛＋艺术家群体＋过去时间，共同指向F的Waiheke Island与1970年代。

③对关系：compared to another island 对应 like what Waiheke Island … was；stay away from city life 对应 escape the city。

④核细节：which修饰another island，过去聚集艺术家的是被比较的那座岛。half a century是大致年代概括，不要求机械凑整50年。

防干扰：D也有岛屿历史，却讲发现与命名；L讲一位音乐家购房，不是两个岛的历史比较。

①圈特征：直接看题干的背景色标记。

42. One most memorable part of the author's visit to Great Barrier Island was a one-hour walk to its centre's hot springs.

题目翻译：步行一小时前往岛中心温泉，是作者这次旅行最难忘的部分之一。

对应原文 J 段：先看色块，再核对关系。

J) Another highlight was an hour-long walk to Kaitoke hot pools in the centre of the island, through wetlands and a forest, where we whiled away a good hour sitting in the pools shaded from the heat by layers of delicate umbrella-like plants.

②找段落：温泉＋岛中心＋一小时步行共同指向J；仅有pool会误入K。

③对关系：most memorable part 对应 Another highlight；a one-hour walk 对应 an hour-long walk；hot springs in the centre 对应 Kaitoke hot pools in the centre。

④核细节：J另有泡池一小时，不要和步行一小时混淆。K是海边水池及另一处十分钟徒步，不能只凭pool匹配。

防干扰：K也有pool，但在海边且徒步为十分钟，地点与时长均不同；E仅列步道和活动概况。

①圈特征：直接看题干的背景色标记。

43. Great Barrier Island has officially been recognized for its extraordinary starry nights.

题目翻译：大屏障岛因非凡星夜获得了正式认可。

对应原文 B 段：先看色块，再核对关系。

B) We were going to my wife's big family reunion in Auckland, New Zealand, but when we found out that Great Barrier Island, just off the coast, had been recently awarded Dark Sky Sanctuary status—a typically remote area that has an "exceptional or distinguished quality of starry nights"—we thought it would be the perfect place to relax before our busy schedule. It's the first island and only the fourth location in the world to achieve this status.

②找段落：正式认可对应资格授予。B直接说明获得Dark Sky Sanctuary status；G主要解释认证时的测光情况。

③对关系：officially … recognized 对应 had been … awarded … status；extraordinary starry nights 对应 exceptional or distinguished quality of starry nights。

④核细节：B最直接支持获认可及其依据。不要看到G也谈status就忽略题干真正要找的认证事实。

防干扰：G讨论认证过程中的测光细节；题干问获得认可这一事实，B是最直接出处。

①圈特征：直接看题干的背景色标记。

44. Great Barrier Island is not connected to any public power supply lines.

题目翻译：大屏障岛未接入任何公共供电线路。

对应原文 D 段：先看色块，再核对关系。

D) Great Barrier Island has no public facilities and the 950 people living there (though only about half permanently) rely on solar and wind energy, and bottled gas for cooking. There are no streetlights. There are no cash machines or banks. The police force comprises a husband and wife, and there's one postman. It's not just the lack of light but the lack of noise that's so delightful on this unique and gorgeous scene. It was first discovered by East Polynesians about 700 years ago and the Maori name for the island is Aotea. Captain Cook gave the island its European name, because it acts as a barrier between the Pacific and the Hauraki Gulf.

②找段落：公共供电属于设施与能源，定位D的公共设施及太阳能、风能，而不是仅找dark或streetlights。

③对关系：public power supply 对应 public facilities；solar and wind energy。

④核细节：汇编答案为D，但原段未逐字写出未接公共供电线路。独立供能并不在所有现实情形下等于未接电网；此题依全文语境择最匹配段，不把推测写成直接引文。

防干扰：A的夜色和G的光污染不等同供电系统状态；亮度低不能独立证明未接电网。

①圈特征：直接看题干的背景色标记。

45. It is strange that light pollution on Great Barrier Island mainly comes from a faraway island to the north.

题目翻译：奇怪的是，大屏障岛的光污染主要来自北方一座遥远岛屿。

对应原文 G 段：先看色块，再核对关系。

G) Our guide for some of our stay was the inestimable Hilde Hoven, a Dark Sky ambassador who runs Good Heavens with Deborah Kilgallon and Orla Cumisky. They bring their Dobsonian telescope and beanbags (it's hard work staring up wide-eyed in wonder without neck support) and, our elder daughter was glad to hear, hot chocolate to wherever you are on the island. "It's odd but when the light readings were done," said Hilde, explaining how the island was awarded its special status, "they found there was more light pollution on the northern side coming from Fiji, which is about 3,000 km away, than Auckland to the south. It's pretty dark!"

②找段落：光污染＋北方远岛，是非常鲜明的组合。G出现Fiji、约3000公里和南方Auckland的比较。

③对关系：strange 对应 odd；faraway island to the north 对应 Fiji … about 3,000 km away；northern side。

④核细节：汇编答案为G。原文直接说明斐济造成的北侧光污染比南方奥克兰的更多；并未统计全部光源，因此题干mainly比两地比较更强。匹配G，同时保留概括边界。

防干扰：D讲岛上没有路灯，并未指出远方污染来源；H虽讲星空，却无Fiji或南北比较。

相似段落 H：用来排除干扰。

H) Beginning their astronomical PowerPoint demonstration using a green laser pointer, Hilde and Orla showed us the Messier 4 spherical cluster (星团) with white dwarf stars (白矮星), Saturn and its rings, the Southern Cross and the Milky Way, which stretched across the sky. Our daughter was especially taken with Hilde's narrating of the Maori myth of Māui's fish hook to explain the shape of Scorpius. In the fable, Māui hauled the North Island of New Zealand from the bottom of the ocean with his hook.

讲导游介绍星体和神话，不是作者凌晨失眠看星。

相似段落 K：用来排除干扰。

K) We also loved visiting the potter (陶艺家) Sarah Harrison, who showed us round her studio at Shoal Bay harbour, and her many pots and jugs, plates and bowls and colourful mosaics (马赛克). In her work, she also uses a lot of materials found on the beach. Our elder daughter loved the gorgeous hidden pool at Medlands beach where the water is separated from the sea in a private rock pool. Other high points were the ancient pohutukawa trees and the incredible views of Okiwi Basin and Whangapoua beach from the top of Windy Canyon, just a 10-minute hike through a narrow valley up some steep wooden steps on the eastern side of the island.

海边水池与十分钟徒步，不是42题中心温泉的一小时步行。

读完真题解析，再做一篇同题型原创模拟。正文1085词，15段（A—O），10题，建议13分钟完成；同一段可以重复选择。做题时按同样的四步走：圈特征、找段落、对关系、核细节。

Borrowing More Than Books

姓名：____________ 日期：____________ 用时：____________

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

[A] When a shelf breaks, buying an electric drill may seem the quickest solution. Yet the tool may spend most of its life in a cupboard after the shelf has been repaired. A library of things offers another possibility: residents borrow useful objects in much the same way as they borrow books. The idea sounds simple, but keeping such a service running requires more than filling a room with donated equipment.

[B] Before opening its collection, the fictional town of Westbridge asked 360 residents why they might borrow household equipment. Nearly two-thirds named a shortage of storage space as their main reason. Saving money came second. This surprised the organisers, who had expected the price of tools to be the strongest attraction. They changed their publicity to show how borrowing could free up space in small homes, rather than simply promising lower household bills.

[C] Members normally keep an item for seven days. They can renew the loan for a further week, provided that nobody else has reserved it. The rule is explained when an object is collected, since a late return can interrupt somebody else's plans. Staff send reminders before the return date, but they also encourage borrowers to call early if a project is taking longer than expected. Silence, they say, creates more problems than an honest request.

[D] At a monthly repair session, a borrower must stay with the broken object while a volunteer explains what may have gone wrong. The aim is to help the owner understand the repair, not to provide a free service in which damaged goods are dropped off and collected later. Volunteers ask owners to describe the fault and try safe, simple steps themselves. Learning is treated as part of the repair, even when an object cannot be saved.

[E] The borrowing service charges a small annual membership fee. For several expensive items it also asks for a deposit, which is returned when the equipment comes back in acceptable condition. Organisers know that even a temporary payment can be difficult for some households. A local fund therefore covers deposits for residents who qualify for support. Staff discuss these arrangements privately, so that asking for help does not become a public event.

[F] An online catalogue allows members to check availability and make reservations. However, early registration records showed that several older residents had stopped before completing the web form. Some lacked a reliable internet connection; others found the process confusing. The team introduced telephone reservations and a paper list at the front desk. The change was intended to keep digital difficulties from excluding people who could otherwise benefit from the collection.

[G] Not every organised activity is about repairing something. On Saturday mornings, neighbours can attend short demonstrations of unfamiliar tools. Many stay afterwards to exchange project ideas over tea. Several members say these conversations have made them feel more connected to the area. The organisers welcome this social benefit, although they do not require people to join an event before borrowing. Someone who simply wants to collect a carpet cleaner is equally welcome.

[H] During the first six months, only four of the 240 loans ended with an item being returned damaged. These cases received attention, but the records revealed a less dramatic expense: equipment gradually wore out through ordinary use. Most maintenance spending went on replacing worn parts, not dealing with careless borrowers. By recording that distinction, the staff could explain why a regular repair budget was needed even when members generally looked after the things they borrowed.

[I] By the following spring, the total number of loans had risen sharply. This did not necessarily mean that the service had reached many new households. A closer look showed that existing members were borrowing more often, partly because the collection now included gardening equipment. The team began counting first-time borrowers separately. A busy desk was encouraging, but it was not enough to demonstrate that participation was spreading evenly across the town.

[J] A student researcher found that regular borrowers bought fewer new tools than residents who had never joined. It was tempting to announce that membership had caused the difference. The researcher resisted that conclusion, pointing out that people who already preferred buying less might be more likely to sign up. Without knowing how the two groups behaved before the library opened, the comparison could show an association but could not establish which factor was responsible.

[K] Coordinator Maya Reed rejects the idea that every purchase is wasteful. A professional who uses the same tool each day may have good reasons to own it. Her aim is to give people a practical choice when they need something only occasionally. She asks members to consider frequency of use, convenience and cost. Borrowing should solve a problem, she says, rather than become another rule that people feel guilty about failing to follow.

[L] Transport remains a difficulty for residents who cannot carry heavy equipment home. A proposed delivery trial would allow them to request help from volunteer drivers. However, the council has not yet approved the money needed for insurance, and no delivery timetable has been announced. Until funding is secured, members must arrange collection themselves. Organisers are careful to describe the trial as a plan, since advertising it as an existing service would create expectations they cannot meet.

[M] Environmental gains are also harder to measure than they first appear. A borrowed machine may replace a purchase, but collecting it by car adds travel. If shared equipment breaks quickly, frequent replacement can reduce the expected savings in materials. An environmental adviser therefore recommends examining transport and the working life of each object, as well as the number of purchases avoided. Counting loans alone cannot reveal the service's total environmental effect.

[N] Some shop owners initially worried that the library would take away their customers. Later, a nearby hardware shop began supplying replacement parts for the collection and offering members advice. Its owner now sees opportunities for cooperation. That experience does not prove that all local businesses will benefit, but it suggests that borrowing and selling need not always be enemies. The organisers plan to keep talking with traders as the service develops.

[O] For Westbridge, success will depend on whether the service remains useful after the excitement of opening has passed. Donated objects are only the beginning. Clear rules, accessible ways to book and patient explanations all take continuing effort. The shelves may contain drills, cleaners and tents, but the organisation behind them is just as important. A collection becomes a lasting community resource only when people can depend on it in everyday life.

36. In the early months, damaged returns accounted for only a small proportion of all loans.

37. People attending the repair session are expected to take part in the process rather than leave their belongings for others to fix.

38. A planned service for taking equipment to members’ homes is waiting for financial approval.

39. Alternative booking methods were introduced after the online process proved difficult for some older residents.

40. A difference in purchasing habits between members and non-members was not sufficient to prove that joining the library changed behaviour.

41. Borrowers may keep an item for an extra week only if no one else has booked it.

42. The environmental value of sharing equipment depends partly on travel and how long the objects remain usable.

43. Records helped staff justify routine repair spending even though most users treated borrowed items carefully.

44. Lack of room at home, rather than the cost of equipment, was the leading reason residents gave for wanting to borrow.

45. The coordinator wants borrowing to be an option for occasional needs, without suggesting that ownership is always a bad choice.

36 ____ 37 ____ 38 ____ 39 ____ 40 ____

41 ____ 42 ____ 43 ____ 44 ____ 45 ____

模拟题为本文原创练习，本文城镇、人物及数据均为虚构情境，仅用于阅读训练。答案与逐题解析将在下一篇公布，做完再对答案。

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