雅思机考冷门真题解析-食物浪费的原因及解决方法

In some countries, people waste a lot of food which is bought in shops and restaurants. What do you think are the reasons? What can be done to solve this problem?

题型： Causes & Solutions（原因与解决方案）

话题： Environment / Consumer Behaviour / Food Waste

这道题虽然属于环境类，但真正的考查重点并不是环境污染，而是消费行为如何导致食物浪费，以及怎样从源头减少浪费。

二、审题：最容易出现的跑题问题

题目明确限定了：

Food bought in shops and restaurants

也就是消费者从商店和餐厅购买的食物。

因此，论证应集中在消费者购买过量、餐厅份量过大、商家促销方式等问题，而不是把重点放在农业生产、运输损耗或自然灾害上。

建议采用两组对应的原因和解决方案。

最重要的写作原则：

每一个Solution都要能回应前文提出的Cause。

三、核心论证逻辑

原因①：促销活动导致过度购买

Promotional Offers → Overbuying → Food Spoilage → Waste

商店推出买一送一、批量折扣等促销活动

↓

消费者购买超过实际需求的食物

↓

部分食品在食用前变质

↓

最终被丢弃

高分表达：

Promotional offers may encourage consumers to purchase more food than they can realistically consume.

原因②：餐厅份量过大

Oversized Portions → Uneaten Food → Disposal

餐厅提供超出顾客食量的餐食

↓

顾客无法吃完

↓

剩余食物被丢弃

高分表达：

Restaurants that serve excessively large portions may unintentionally contribute to food waste, as customers are often unable to finish their meals.

解决方案：针对原因采取措施

对于过度购买：

Encourage Meal Planning → Purchase According to Actual Needs → Less Waste

鼓励消费者提前规划饮食，按实际需求购买。

对于餐厅浪费：

Flexible Portion Sizes → Better Match Customer Needs → Less Leftover Food

餐厅提供不同份量，并鼓励顾客打包剩余食物。

四、高频写作语料

五、Band 8目标参考范文

Why Is So Much Food Wasted?

Food waste has become a serious problem in many countries, particularly when it comes to food purchased from supermarkets and restaurants. This issue is mainly caused by excessive purchasing and oversized restaurant portions, but several practical measures could help address it.

One major reason for food waste is that consumers often buy more than they need. Supermarkets frequently offer discounts on bulk purchases or promotions such as “buy one, get one free”, which can encourage customers to purchase excessive quantities of food. As a result, some products may expire or spoil before they can be consumed. Another contributing factor is the large portion sizes served in many restaurants. Customers may order more food than they can finish, especially when meals are designed to appear generous or offer good value for money. Consequently, substantial amounts of edible food are thrown away.

Several measures could be introduced to reduce this problem. First, governments and retailers could promote more responsible shopping habits by encouraging consumers to plan their meals and purchase only what they need. Supermarkets could also offer discounts on smaller quantities rather than rewarding bulk purchases. Second, restaurants should provide a wider range of portion sizes, allowing customers to choose meals according to their appetites. Encouraging diners to take home unfinished food would further reduce unnecessary waste.

In conclusion, food waste is largely driven by excessive purchasing and unsuitable restaurant portions. By promoting more thoughtful consumption and introducing flexible serving options, both businesses and consumers can contribute to reducing the amount of food discarded.

六、这道题的写作启示

这道题最值得积累的是：

Cause → Mechanism → Consequence → Targeted Solution

不要只写：

People waste food because they buy too much.

要解释：

为什么买太多？为什么没有吃完？最终造成什么结果？

同时，解决方案不能只是笼统地说：

The government should take action.

而应该明确：

Who should do what, and how will it reduce waste?

这套思路还可以迁移到塑料浪费、过度消费、快时尚和资源浪费等雅思话题。

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