2008-1-ReadingPartA-T2-4-7
文章主题:《科学出版新方式:在线出版》
Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it.
词汇:
1.hybrid n.混合物、组合物
2.delay v.推迟
3.open-access n.开放存取
4.subscriber v.付费订阅者
【Step 1】找谓语
Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it.
·动词 exist 时态:一般现在时
·动词 allow 时态:一般现在时
·动词 are 时态:一般现在时
·动词 wishes 时态:一般现在时
【Step 2】断句
Other models exist [that are hybrids of these three], such as delayed open-access, [where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone <who wishes to see it>].解析:本句包含3个从句:一个that引导的定语从句;一个where引导的非限制性定语从句;一个who引导的定语从句。
that引导的定语从句:
Other models exist [that are hybrids of these three]判断方法:
如何区分that引导的定语从句和同位语从句:
1.位置:在名词|代词后;2.从句完整,即同位语从句;从句不完整,即定语从句。
原因:
1.that引导定语从句——关系代词——指代先行词在从句中充当主宾表——从句不完整;
2.that引导同位语从句——连接词——只起到连接主从句的作用,不在从句中充当任何成分——从句完整。
故可知,本句是that引导的定语从句<因为从句谓语动词are缺主语>,即从句不完整。
但从句前是动词exist——即定语从句并没有紧挨着自己所修饰的名词|代词,我们把这种现象称之为“定语从句的分隔现象”——鉴于从句前只有三个词“Other models exist”,所以定语从句修饰的应该是名词models<that指代名词models在从句中作are的主语>。
where引导的非限制性定语从句:
such as delayed open-access, [where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone <...>].判断方法:1.形式:从句前有逗号;2.指代功能:where指代介词+先行词,即in+delayed open-access在从句中作地点状语,大致译为“在这种推迟的开放存取模式中,期刊在前六个月仅允许付费订阅者阅读论文>。
who引导的定语从句:
everyone<who wishes to see it>].判断方法:1.位置:在名词|代词后;2.指代功能:everyone指人<who和whom在引导定语从句时,必须在指人的名词|代词后。
重点成分标注:
主语:在句首|谓语前
宾语:在动词|介词后
表语:在系动词后
主语:蓝色;谓语:红色;表语:绿色;宾语:紫色;宾补:深蓝
主句:
Other models exist [...], such as delayed open-access, 其中,
1.such as delayed open-access——举例说明主语other models具体指什么,起到补充说明的作用。
that引导的定语从句:
[that arehybrids of these three]其中,
1.of these three——介宾结构作后置定语修饰名词hybrids。
where引导的非限制性定语从句:
[where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone <...>].其中,
1.only——副词作状语修饰动词allow;
2.for the first six months——介宾结构作时间状语,表示谓语动词allow发生的时间<即前六个月仅允许付费订阅者阅读论文>;
3.before making it freely available to everyone——介宾结构作时间状语,表示allow动作发生之后的事<注意:A before B可译为“先A后B>,即前六个月仅允许付费订阅者阅读论文,在这之后,才对所有人免费开放。
4.非谓语短语making it freely available to everyone中成分划分:making itfreely available to everyone
who引导的定语从句:
【Step 3】翻译
Other models exist [that are hybrids of these three], such as delayed open-access, [where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone <who wishes to see it>].主句+that引导的定语从句:
英文:Other models exist [that are hybrids of these three], such as delayed open-access,直译:其他模式存在,其他模式是这三种模式的混合,如推迟的开放存取模式。
改译:现有的其他模式是这三种的混合,如延期开放存取。
翻译解释:该句直译后并不通顺,所以根据语义进行了调整。
where引导的非限制性定语从句:
[where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone <...>].中文:在这种模式中,期刊在前六个月仅允许付费订阅者阅读论文,之后再让everyone免费获取。
翻译解释:非限制性定语从句通常采取后置译法,即单独成句+重复先行词<where=in delayed open-access>。
who引导的定语从句:
英文:everyone<who wishesto see it>].翻译解释:这个定语从句小于等于8个词,属于比较短的类型,遂采取前置译法。
现有的其他模式是这三种的混合,如延期开放存取,在这种模式中,期刊在前六个月仅允许付费订阅者阅读论文,之后再让那些想看论文的人免费获取。
终译:现有的其他模式是这三种的混合,如延期开放存取,在这种模式中,期刊在前六个月仅允许付费订阅者阅读论文,之后免费提供给所有想阅读的人。