The diagram below shows the process of growing and preparing pineapples and products.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
My model answer (185 words)
The process diagram demonstrates how pineapples are cultivated and prepared for sale.
Overall, pineapples must be grown for a whole year before being harvested. After that, they are processed in different ways: made into juice, canned, or exported as fresh fruit.
In terms of the cultivation phase, pineapples are initially grown at a temperature between 23 and 30 degrees Celsius, during which a spacing of 26 cm is maintained between the plants. After seven months of growth, these fruits are sprayed with ethylene to accelerate the ripening process. Five months later, once the pineapples reach a height of 30 cm and a weight of 2 kg, they are harvested.
The preparation stage starts with the thorough washing of the mature fruit in a water tank. Subsequently, small-sized pineapples have their crowns removed before being sliced and put into an extractor which turns them into juice. Medium-sized ones undergo a similar crown removal and slicing process, but they are further cut into smaller pieces for canning. In contrast, the largest pineapples are coated with a protective layer of wax before being packed into baskets and exported.
🍍 Growing and Preparing Pineapples 核心表达
1️⃣ 核心动词与短语 (Core Verbs & Actions)
are cultivated and prepared — 栽培与准备
are initially grown — 最初被种植
to accelerate the ripening process — 加速成熟过程
reach a height/weight of — 达到高度/重量
thorough washing — 彻底的清洗
have their crowns removed — 去除冠部
undergo a similar process — 经历相似的过程
are coated with a protective layer — 涂上一层保护层
are packed into baskets — 装入篮子
2️⃣ 话题相关名词和形容词 (Topic-Specific Nouns and Adjectives)
cultivation phase — 种植阶段
preparation stage — 准备阶段
spacing — 间距（特指植株间的距离）
ethylene — 乙烯
water tank — 水槽/水箱
extractor — 榨汁机/提取器
canning — 装罐/罐头制作
crown removal — 冠部去除
fresh fruit — 新鲜水果
initial — 最初的
mature / ripe — 成熟的
small-sized / medium-sized / large-sized — 小/中等/大尺寸的
baskets — 篮子
【特别说明】： 尽管在现实农业物流中更常使用专业的 crates (板条箱)，但在雅思考试中，使用此类通用词汇（如basket/container/box）也是很好的选择，考生无需因追求物流术语而产生焦虑。
3️⃣ 高阶句型拆解 (Grammar Focus)
① 介词 + Which 引导的定语从句 (Preposition + Which)
原文： ...pineapples are initially grown at a temperature between 23 and 30 degrees Celsius, during which a spacing of 26 cm is maintained between the plants.
中文： 菠萝最初生长在23至30摄氏度的温度下，在此期间，植株之间保持26厘米的间距。
拆解：它是什么？ 这是“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句。这里的 during which 相当于 during this period，强调的是在前面提到的环境持续的过程中发生了另一件事。
② Before being done 的省略与还原 (Participle Clause)
原文： Small-sized pineapples have their crowns removed before being sliced and putinto an extractor...
中文： 小型菠萝在被切片并送入榨汁机之前，要先去除它们的冠部。
拆解：
原形还原： 这本质上是 before 引导的时间状语从句的省略形式。其完整写法原为：...before they are sliced and put into...
演变过程： 当状语从句的主语（they，指代pineapples）与主句主语一致时，为了句式精炼，可以省去主语。此时，被动语态中的系动词 are 必须转变为动名词形式 being，从而构成了 before being done。
③ Which 引导的限制性定语从句 (Defining Relative Clause)
原文： ...put into an extractor which turns them into juice.
中文： ……被送入一个榨汁机，该机器将它们转变为果汁。
拆解：这里使用 which 引导定语从句来介绍机器的具体功能。
4️⃣ 易错点与深度解析 (Common Pitfalls & Insights)
冒号后的“并行分词”结构
原文：...processed in different ways: made into juice, canned, or exported...
解析：冒号后不一定非要接完整句子。这里使用三个过去分词构成平行结构，直接修饰主语 "pineapples"，表达很简练，避免了 they are... 的冗余。
迁移例句：The waste is treated in three stages: filtered for impurities, neutralised with chemicals, and discharged into the sea.
温度与气候的介词选择
解析：描述温度数值必须用介词 at (at a temperature)，使用 in 或 under 均属错误。
表达转换：如果描述“在某种气候中”，则需切换为 in。
...grown at a temperature of 25°C.
...thrive in a tropical climate.
集合名词 vs. 个体复数的使用
解析：原文用了 pineapples (复数)，但 fruit 和 plant 用了单数。这是因为 fruit 在此作为集合名词，指代果实总称；而 plant 强调植株这一类别。
集合名词 vs. 个体复数的切换：
解析： 原文中出现 the plant's crown（单数）是将其作为物种原型来描述特性；而 between the plants（复数）则是描述具体个体之间的空间关系。
物理属性描述 (Reach a...)
解析：Reach a + [名词] + of + [数值]。
重量：reach a weight of 2 kg
高度：reach a height of 30 cm
长度（拓展）：reach a length of 1.5 m
宽度（拓展）：reach a width of 10 cm
【特别说明】： reach 的核心语义是’抵达’，它暗示了一个演变过程。在本题中，菠萝植株经过一年生长、最终触及某个物理高度的动态终点，因此可以使用这样的表达。
介词 with 的手段/媒介意义
原文：...sprayed with ethylene / ...coated with a protective layer
解析：这里不能使用 by。with 强调的是“使用某种材料/工具”来完成动作（用乙烯喷、用蜡涂）。在描写覆盖、填充、喷洒等工业流程时，with 是首选介词。
