2008-1-ReadingPartA-T4-2-3
文章主题：《美国开国元勋们对奴隶制的复杂态度》
They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings.
词汇：
1.spur v.鼓舞、激励
2.father v.成为...的父亲
3.in part prep.在某种程度上
【Step 1】找谓语
They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings.
·动词 have been spurred 被动语态+时态：现在完成时
·动词 proved 时态：一般过去时
·动词 had fathered 时态：过去完成时
【Step 2】断句
They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, [which almost certainly proved <Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings>].
解析：本句包含2个从句：一个which引导的非限制性定语从句；一个省略连接词的宾语从句。
which引导的非限制性定语从句：
...DNA evidence made available in 1998, [which almost certainly proved <...>].判断方法：1.形式：从句前有逗号<非限制性定语从句的典型特征>；2.指代功能：which指代名词短语DNA evidence在从句中作proved的主语>。
that引导的宾语从句：
...proved<Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings>.
判断方法：1.位置：在动词|介词后<在动词proved后>。
重点成分标注：
主语：在句首|谓语前
宾语：在动词|介词后
表语：在系动词后
主语：蓝色；谓语：红色；表语：绿色；宾语：紫色；宾补：深蓝
主句：
They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998
其中，
1.made available in 1998——非谓语短语作后置定语修饰名词短语DNA evidence【判断方法：1.位置：在名词|代词后；2.代入翻译通顺即可，即译为“...的”<1998年获得的DNA证据><其中made与DNA evidence之间是被动的关系>】。
which引导的非限制性定语从句：
...[which almost certainly proved <...>].其中，
1.almost certainly——副词作状语修饰proved。
that引导的宾语从句：
...proved<Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings>.
其中，
1.with his slave Sally Hemings——介宾结构作状语<虽然with结构位于名child后，但显然译为定语“...的”修饰child并不通顺；根据句意，应理解为TJ和奴隶SH孕育了至少一个孩子>。
【Step 3】翻译
They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, [which almost certainly proved <Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings>].
主句：
英文：They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998
中文：他们在某种程度上被1998年获得的DNA证据鼓舞了。
改译：他们在某种程度上是受到了1998年获得的DNA证据的鼓舞。
翻译解释：
此处采取的翻译方法：利用“被”的替代词“受到”。
which引导的非限制性定语从句：
英文：[which almost certainly proved <...>].1.非限制性定语从句通常采取后置译法，即单独成句+重复先行词<which=DNA evidence>。that引导的宾语从句：
英文：...proved<Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings>.
中文：证明托马斯·杰斐逊已经与其奴隶萨利·赫明斯孕育了至少一个孩子。
他们在某种程度上是受到了1998年获得的DNA证据的鼓舞，该证据几乎可以确切证明托马斯·杰斐逊已经与其奴隶萨利·赫明斯孕育了至少一个孩子。
终译：他们在某种程度上是受到了1998年获得的DNA证据的鼓舞，该证据几乎可以确证托马斯·杰斐逊曾与其奴隶萨利·赫明斯育有至少一个孩子。
10个月宝宝每天需要喝多少奶粉？
