2011-1-ReadingPartA-T1-2-3
文章主题：《古典音乐面临挑战》
As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.
词汇：
1.director n.负责人（主管；导演；董事；指挥者、指导者；总监）
2.orchestra n.管弦乐队、交响乐团
3.hitherto adv.到目前为止、迄今为止、至今
4.strike sb as sth v.给某人以某种印象
5.Times n.《纽约时报》
6.faint adj.虚弱的、暗淡的、模糊的；微小的、少量的
【Step 1】找谓语
As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.
·动词 has been led 语态：被动+时态：现在完成时
·动词 seems 时态：一般现在时
【Step 2】断句
As a description of the next music director of an orchestra [that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez], thatseems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.解析：本句包含一个that引导的定语从句。
that引导的定语从句：
...an orchestra [that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez]...
判断方法：1.位置：在名词|代词后；2.结构：从句不完整<从句谓语动词has been led缺主语，即that指代名词orchestra在从句中作主语>。
补充：that引导定从和同位从的区别：
| | | | | |
| | | | 1.连接主从句；2.指代功能：指代先行词在从句中作主宾表 | |
| | | | | |
·例句辨析：
1.The news [that he shared at the meeting] was inspiring.
定语从句：1.位置：在名词|代词后；2.从句不完整<从句谓语动词shared缺宾语，即that指代名词the news在从句中作shared的宾语，译为“B的A”——他在会议上分享的消息>。
2.The news [that our team won the championship]excited everyone.
同位语从句：1.位置：在名词|代词后；2.从句完整<“A=B”——the news=our team won the championship，即消息是我们队夺得冠军>。
重点成分标注：
主语：在句首|谓语前
宾语：在动词|介词后
表语：在系动词后
主语：蓝色；谓语：红色；表语：绿色；宾语：紫色；宾补：深蓝
主句：
As a description of the next music director of an orchestra [...], thatseems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.1.As a description of the next music director of an orchestra——介宾结构作状语【判断方法：1.位置：在句首|句尾|主谓之间：句首：as...，完整句】that引导的定语从句：
...an orchestra [that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez]...
其中，
1.like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez——介宾结构作后置定语修饰名词musicians【判断方法：1.位置：在名词|代词后；2.代入翻译通顺即可，即译为“...的”<像Gustav Mahler和Pierre Boulez这样的音乐家>】
【Step 3】翻译
As a description of the next music director of an orchestra [that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez], thatseems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.主句：
英文：As a description of the next music director of an orchestra [...], thatseems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.直译：作为一种对交响乐团下一任音乐总监的描述[..]，那似乎可能给一些《纽约时报》的读者留下一种少量赞美的印象。1.a description of the next music director of an orchestra——A of B of C译为“C的B的A”，即“对交响乐团下一任音乐总监的描述”。2.通过直译，可知代词that指代的就是”这种描述”，即description。3.“这种描述会给读者留下少量赞美的印象”——什么是“少量的赞美”，实则是“不太像赞美，或者说赞美得很牵强”——即这种描述会让读者觉得是一种牵强的赞美。
改译：作为一种对交响乐团下一任音乐总监的描述[..]，这种描述似乎可能让一些《纽约时报》的读者觉得是一种牵强的赞美。
that引导的定语从句：
英文：...an orchestra [that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez]...
中文：该交响乐团迄今为止被像古斯塔夫·马勒和皮埃尔·布列兹这样的音乐家领导着。
改译：该交响乐团迄今为止一直由像古斯塔夫·马勒和皮埃尔·布列兹这样的音乐家指挥着。
翻译解释：
1.此处涉及被动的翻译：采取“被”的替换词“由”来翻译；
2.定语从句词数大于8个词，采取后置译法，即单独成句+重复先行词；
3.一直：本句是一个完成时态的句子，表持续，即所谓的“时间段”——也就是说，从过去到现在一直由这些人指挥着。
作为一种对交响乐团下一任音乐总监的描述（该交响乐团迄今为止一直由像古斯塔夫·马勒和皮埃尔·布列兹这样的音乐家指挥着），这种描述似乎可能让一些《纽约时报》的读者觉得是一种牵强的赞美。整合译文后，两个“描述”出现了语义上的切割，即被定语从句分隔开了，句意并不是很连贯，所以考虑把定语从句以括号的形式补充在译文中。终译：对于一个迄今为止一直由像古斯塔夫·马勒和皮埃尔·布列兹这样的音乐家来指挥的交响乐团，这样描述其下任音乐总监，似乎至少可能会让一些《纽约时报》的读者觉得是一种牵强的赞美。
10个月宝宝每天需要喝多少奶粉？
