四、常规阅读理解(总题数：15，分数：15.00) 21.《复合题被拆开情况》 Paolo Fril, chairman and scientific officer of GeneDupe, based in San Melito, California, is a man with a dream. The dream is a dragon in every home. GeneDupe’s business is biotech pets. Not for Dr. Fril, though, the cloning of dead cats and dogs. He plans a range of entirely new animals—or, rather, of really quite old animals, with the twist that when they did exist, it was only in the imagination. Making a mythical creature real is not easy. But GeneDupe’s team of biologists and computer scientists reckon they are equal to the task. Their secret is a new field, which they call "virtual cell biology". Biology and computing have a lot in common, since both are about processing information—in one case electronic; in the other, biochemical. Virtual cell biology aspires to make a software model of a cell that is accurate in every biochemical detail. That is possible because all animal cells use the same parts list—mitochondria for energy processing, the endoplasmic reticulum for making proteins, Golgi body for protein assembly, and so on. Armed with their virtual cell, GeneDupe’s scientists can customize the result so that it belongs to a particular species, by loading it with a virtual copy of that animal’s genome. Then, if the cell is also loaded with the right virtual molecules, it will behave like a fertilized egg, and start dividing and developing—first into embryo, and ultimately into an adult. Because this "growth" is going on in a computer, it happens fast. Passing from egg to adult in one of GeneDupe’s enormous Mythmaker computers takes less than a minute. And it is here that Charles Darwin gets a look in. With such a short generation time, GeneDupe’s scientists can add a little evolution to their products. Each computer starts with a search image (dragon, unicorn, griffin, etc), and the genome of the real animal most closely resembling it (a lizard for the dragon, a horse for the unicorn and most taxingly, the spliced genomes of a lion and an eagle for the griffin). The virtual genomes of these real animals are then tweaked by random electronic mutations. When they have matured, the virtual adults most closely resembling the targets are picked and cross-bred, while the others are culled. Using this rapid evolutionary process, GeneDupe’s scientists have arrived at genomes for a range of mythological creatures—in a computer, at least. The next stage, on which they are just embarking, is to do it for real. This involves synthesizing, with actual DNA, the genetic material that the computer models predict will produce the mythical creatures. The synthetic DNA is then inserted into a cell that has had its natural nucleus removed. The result, Dr. Fril and his commercial backers hope, will be a real live dragon, unicorn or what you have. Dr. Fril is confident about his new idea. Indeed, if he can get the dragon’s respiration correct, he thinks they will set the world on fire.《问题》：Dr. Fril’s new ambition is to clone（分数：1.00） A.pets in general. B.rare animals. C.prehistoric animals. D.imaginary animals.✅ 解析：细节题 题目问的是“福瑞尔博士的新想法是克隆____。”根据第二段的最后一句“He plans a range of entirely new animals—or，rather，of really quite old animals，with the twist that when they did exist，it was only in the imagination. ”可知，他的计划是克隆出一系列全新的动物，或者更确切地说，一系列非常古老的动物和那些只存在人们想象中的生物。故选 D。 |
22.《复合题被拆开情况》 Paolo Fril, chairman and scientific officer of GeneDupe, based in San Melito, California, is a man with a dream. The dream is a dragon in every home. GeneDupe’s business is biotech pets. Not for Dr. Fril, though, the cloning of dead cats and dogs. He plans a range of entirely new animals—or, rather, of really quite old animals, with the twist that when they did exist, it was only in the imagination. Making a mythical creature real is not easy. But GeneDupe’s team of biologists and computer scientists reckon they are equal to the task. Their secret is a new field, which they call "virtual cell biology". Biology and computing have a lot in common, since both are about processing information—in one case electronic; in the other, biochemical. Virtual cell biology aspires to make a software model of a cell that is accurate in every biochemical detail. That is possible because all animal cells use the same parts list—mitochondria for energy processing, the endoplasmic reticulum for making proteins, Golgi body for protein assembly, and so on. Armed with their virtual cell, GeneDupe’s scientists can customize the result so that it belongs to a particular species, by loading it with a virtual copy of that animal’s genome. Then, if the cell is also loaded with the right virtual molecules, it will behave like a fertilized egg, and start dividing and developing—first into embryo, and ultimately into an adult. Because this "growth" is going on in a computer, it happens fast. Passing from egg to adult in one of GeneDupe’s enormous Mythmaker computers takes less than a minute. And it is here that Charles Darwin gets a look in. With such a short generation time, GeneDupe’s scientists can add a little evolution to their products. Each computer starts with a search image (dragon, unicorn, griffin, etc), and the genome of the real animal most closely resembling it (a lizard for the dragon, a horse for the unicorn and most taxingly, the spliced genomes of a lion and an eagle for the griffin). The virtual genomes of these real animals are then tweaked by random electronic mutations. When they have matured, the virtual adults most closely resembling the targets are picked and cross-bred, while the others are culled. Using this rapid evolutionary process, GeneDupe’s scientists have arrived at genomes for a range of mythological creatures—in a computer, at least. The next stage, on which they are just embarking, is to do it for real. This involves synthesizing, with actual DNA, the genetic material that the computer models predict will produce the mythical creatures. The synthetic DNA is then inserted into a cell that has had its natural nucleus removed. The result, Dr. Fril and his commercial backers hope, will be a real live dragon, unicorn or what you have. Dr. Fril is confident about his new idea. Indeed, if he can get thedragon’s respiration correct, he thinks they will set the world on fire.《问题》：Now GeneDupe’s scientists are trying to find out（分数：1.00） A.the existence of mythical animals. B.the causes for the extinction of some animals. C.the similarities between biology and computing. D.the possibilities of creating mythical creatures. √✅ 解析：推断题 题目问的是“现在基因复制公司的科学家们正在试着找出____。”根据第八段的“GeneDupe’s scientists have arrived at genomes for a range of mythological creatures—in a computer，at least. The next stage，on which they are just embarking，is to do it for real. ”可知，基因复制公司的科学家们至少已经在计算机中完成了一系列神话生物的基因组，下一步，也是他们刚刚着手的工作，就是把这些生物变成现实。A 选项和 B 选项文中没有提及，C 选项出现在第四段“Biology and computing have a lot in common，since both are about processing information in one case electronic；in the other，biochemical. ”但这里只是提及有相同点，科学家们并没有对此进行研究。故选 D。 |
23.《复合题被拆开情况》 Paolo Fril, chairman and scientific officer of GeneDupe, based in San Melito, California, is a man with a dream. The dream is a dragon in every home. GeneDupe’s business is biotech pets. Not for Dr. Fril, though, the cloning of dead cats and dogs. He plans a range of entirely new animals—or, rather, of really quite old animals, with the twist that when they did exist, it was only in the imagination. Making a mythical creature real is not easy. But GeneDupe’s team of biologists and computer scientists reckon they are equal to the task. Their secret is a new field, which they call "virtual cell biology". Biology and computing have a lot in common, since both are about processing information—in one case electronic; in the other, biochemical. Virtual cell biology aspires to make a software model of a cell that is accurate in every biochemical detail. That is possible because all animal cells use the same parts list—mitochondria for energy processing, the endoplasmic reticulum for making proteins, Golgi body for protein assembly, and so on. Armed with their virtual cell, GeneDupe’s scientists can customize the result so that it belongs to a particular species, by loading it with a virtual copy of that animal’s genome. Then, if the cell is also loaded with the right virtual molecules, it will behave like a fertilized egg, and start dividing and developing—first into embryo, and ultimately into an adult. Because this "growth" is going on in a computer, it happens fast. Passing from egg to adult in one of GeneDupe’s enormous Mythmaker computers takes less than a minute. And it is here that Charles Darwin gets a look in. With such a short generation time, GeneDupe’s scientists can add a little evolution to their products. Each computer starts with a search image (dragon, unicorn, griffin, etc), and the genome of the real animal most closely resembling it (a lizard for the dragon, a horse for the unicorn and most taxingly, the spliced genomes of a lion and an eagle for the griffin). The virtual genomes of these real animals are then tweaked by random electronic mutations. When they have matured, the virtual adults most closely resembling the targets are picked and cross-bred, while the others are culled. Using this rapid evolutionary process, GeneDupe’s scientists have arrived at genomes for a range of mythological creatures—in a computer, at least. The next stage, on which they are just embarking, is to do it for real. This involves synthesizing, with actual DNA, the genetic material that the computer models predict will produce the mythical creatures. The synthetic DNA is then inserted into a cell that has had its natural nucleus removed. The result, Dr. Fril and his commercial backers hope, will be a real live dragon, unicorn or what you have. Dr. Fril is confident about his new idea. Indeed, if he can get the dragon’s respiration correct, he thinks they will set the world on fire.《问题》：The research is based on（分数：1.00） A.general genetic engineering theory. B.the development of computing technology. C.the theory of cross-breeding of different species. D.animals’ biochemical information processing. ✅ 解析：推断题 题目问的是“这项调查是建立在________的基础上的。”由第三段“Their secret is a new field，which they call ‘virtual cell biology’. ”可知，他们的秘密是虚拟细胞生物学。根据第四段的“Biology and computing have a lot in common，since both are about processing information—in one case electronic；in the other，biochemical. Virtual cell biology aspires to make a software model of a cell that is accurate in every biochemical detail. ”可知，生物学是处理生化信息的，而虚拟细胞生物学旨在完成一个细胞的软件模型——这个模型的每一个生化信息都必须非常精确。故选 D。 |
24.《复合题被拆开情况》 Paolo Fril, chairman and scientific officer of GeneDupe, based in San Melito, California, is a man with a dream. The dream is a dragon in every home. GeneDupe’s business is biotech pets. Not for Dr. Fril, though, the cloning of dead cats and dogs. He plans a range of entirely new animals—or, rather, of really quite old animals, with the twist that when they did exist, it was only in the imagination. Making a mythical creature real is not easy. But GeneDupe’s team of biologists and computer scientists reckon they are equal to the task. Their secret is a new field, which they call "virtual cell biology". Biology and computing have a lot in common, since both are about processing information—in one case electronic; in the other, biochemical. Virtual cell biology aspires to make a software model of a cell that is accurate in every biochemical detail. That is possible because all animal cells use the same parts list—mitochondria for energy processing, the endoplasmic reticulum for making proteins, Golgi body for protein assembly, and so on. Armed with their virtual cell, GeneDupe’s scientists can customize the result so that it belongs to a particular species, by loading it with a virtual copy of that animal’s genome. Then, if the cell is also loaded with the right virtual molecules, it will behave like a fertilized egg, and start dividing and developing—first into embryo, and ultimately into an adult. Because this "growth" is going on in a computer, it happens fast. Passing from egg to adult in one of GeneDupe’s enormous Mythmaker computers takes less than a minute. And it is here that Charles Darwin gets a look in. With such a short generation time, GeneDupe’s scientists can add a little evolution to their products. Each computer starts with a search image (dragon, unicorn, griffin, etc), and the genome of the real animal most closely resembling it (a lizard for the dragon, a horse for the unicorn and most taxingly, the spliced genomes of a lion and an eagle for the griffin). The virtual genomes of these real animals are then tweaked by random electronic mutations. When they have matured, the virtual adults most closely resembling the targets are picked and cross-bred, while the others are culled. Using this rapid evolutionary process, GeneDupe’s scientists have arrived at genomes for a range of mythological creatures—in a computer, at least. The next stage, on which they are just embarking, is to do it for real. This involves synthesizing, with actual DNA, the genetic material that the computer models predict will produce the mythical creatures. The synthetic DNA is then inserted into a cell that has had its natural nucleus removed. The result, Dr. Fril and his commercial backers hope, will be a real live dragon, unicorn or what you have. Dr. Fril is confident about his new idea. Indeed, if he can get the dragon’s respiration correct, he thinks they will set the world on fire.《问题》：The team has chosen a lizard for the dragon as they think these creatures（分数：1.00） A.have the same genome. B.have similar appearances. ✅ C.belong to the same species. D.possess the same genetic structure. 解析：推断题 题目问的是“这个团队为龙选择蜥蜴是因为这些生物____。”根据第七段的“Each computer starts with a search image(dragon，unicorn，griffin，etc)，and the genome of the real animal most closely resembling it(a lizard for the dragon，a horse for the unicorn and most taxingly，the spliced genomes of a lion and art eagle for the griffin). ”可知，每台计算机开始于搜索形象(龙)和与这种形象最相似的真实动物的基因组(与龙相似的蜥蜴)。故选 B。 |
25.《复合题被拆开情况》 Paolo Fril, chairman and scientific officer of GeneDupe, based in San Melito, California, is a man with a dream. The dream is a dragon in every home. GeneDupe’s business is biotech pets. Not for Dr. Fril, though, the cloning of dead cats and dogs. He plans a range of entirely new animals—or, rather, of really quite old animals, with the twist that when they did exist, it was only in the imagination. Making a mythical creature real is not easy. But GeneDupe’s team of biologists and computer scientists reckon they are equal to the task. Their secret is a new field, which they call "virtual cell biology". Biology and computing have a lot in common, since both are about processing information—in one case electronic; in the other, biochemical. Virtual cell biology aspires to make a software model of a cell that is accurate in every biochemical detail. That is possible because all animal cells use the same parts list—mitochondria for energy processing, the endoplasmic reticulum for making proteins, Golgi body for protein assembly, and so on. Armed with their virtual cell, GeneDupe’s scientists can customize the result so that it belongs to a particular species, by loading it with a virtual copy of that animal’s genome. Then, if the cell is also loaded with the right virtual molecules, it will behave like a fertilized egg, and start dividing and developing—first into embryo, and ultimately into an adult. Because this "growth" is going on in a computer, it happens fast. Passing from egg to adult in one of GeneDupe’s enormous Mythmaker computers takes less than a minute. And it is here that Charles Darwin gets a look in. With such a short generation time, GeneDupe’s scientists can add a little evolution to their products. Each computer starts with a search image (dragon, unicorn, griffin, etc), and the genome of the real animal most closely resembling it (a lizard for the dragon, a horse for the unicorn and most taxingly, the spliced genomes of a lion and an eagle for the griffin). The virtual genomes of these real animals are then tweaked by random electronic mutations. When they have matured, the virtual adults most closely resembling the targets are picked and cross-bred, while the others are culled. Using this rapid evolutionary process, GeneDupe’s scientists have arrived at genomes for a range of mythological creatures—in a computer, at least. The next stage, on which they are just embarking, is to do it for real. This involves synthesizing, with actual DNA, the genetic material that the computer models predict will produce the mythical creatures. The synthetic DNA is then inserted into a cell that has had its natural nucleus removed. The result, Dr. Fril and his commercial backers hope, will be a real live dragon, unicorn or what you have. Dr. Fril is confident about his new idea. Indeed, if he can get the dragon’s respiration correct, he thinks they will set the world on fire.《问题》：Dr. Fril and his team think they will succeed（分数：1.00） A.with the advancement of computer sciences. B.as they have worked out genomes by computer. C.when they find the actual DNA. ✅ D.if they get enough commercial backers. 解析：推断题 题目问的是“福瑞尔博士和他的团队认为他们将会成功________。”根据第八段“Using this rapid evolutionary process，GeneDupe’s scientists have arrived at genomes for a range of mythological creatures—in a computer，at least. The next stage，on which they are just embarking，is to do it for real. ”可知，通过这种快速进化过程，基因复制公司的科学家们至少已经在计算机中完成了一系列神话生物的基因组，下一步，也是他们刚刚着手的工作，就是把它们变成现实。由最后一段的“This involves synthesizing，with actual DNA，the genetic material that the computer models predict will produce the mythical creatures. ”和“Dr. Fril is confident about his new idea. Indeed，if he can get the dragon’s respiration correct. he thinks they will set the world on fire. ”可知，这涉及实际 DNA 和计算机模型预测会产生神话生物的遗传物质的合成，如果取得实际 DNA，他们就可以取得成功。B 选项是他们已在计算机上完成基因组，并不能完全符合合成的要求。故选 C。 |
26.《复合题被拆开情况》 Cultural globalization, for many, means Westernization or Americanization. An important distinction concerning today’s cultural globalization is that it is largely driven by corporations, rather than countries. As such, one of the central concerns is the spread of consumer culture. For many critics, non-Western culture and practices are at risk of being overwhelmed by homogenizing " Mc-Donaldization". Skeptics contend that the erosion of culture has been overstated. They point to evidence that local culture remains strong. Cultural interactions have taken place for centuries so to argue non-Western cultural are somehow pure is naive. In a sense, the cultural degradation argument dismisses the ability of non-Western people to control their destiny and incorporate those attributes they may find useful. What is more, some argue that national identities are founded on real differences that have continued salience. Other skeptics point to the growth of ethnic and nationalist movements in the post-Cold War world as evidence that these sources of identity remain strong. Intense interaction may make people more cognizant of difference and lead to conflict. Information technology may, in fact, intensify traditional identities. Cultural globalization involves processes of unequal power, which brings traditions and identities into question. Where ethnic and religious groups feel threatened by globalization, there is the potential for conflict. Migration is a significant aspect of globalization that has not only economic but also social and cultural effects. While migration is not unique to the present age, communication and transportation technologies allow migrants a greater opportunity to maintain links with their homelands. More porous borders raise questions about notions of citizenship and identity. While challenges to national identity may come from supranational entities such as the European Union, globalization at the same time may facilitate the triggering of more local, particularistic identities. There is some disagreement on where this is all going and whether globalization could come to an end. Clearly the openness and interconnectedness that emerged in the late 1800s was not permanent. The 1930s saw the major powers carving out spheres of influence and blocking out others. From a broader historical perspective, however, that may have been a hiccup. Whereas before the end of the American Civil War it took months to go by ship from one coast of the US to the other. The transcontinental railroad cut the trip to a week by 1870 and today it is a matter of a few hours by plane. There was some discussion after 9.11 whether the need for security would bring an end to the era of globalization. In some areas, such as educational exchanges, there has been an impact. Overall, however, the flow of goods, people, and messages of peace and war continue unabated some five years later. In many respects, therefore, globalization is not going away. The challenge for humanity, then, is to direct these forces in peaceful and beneficial ways.《问题》：Critics of cultural globalization believe that（分数：1.00） A.traditional identities are being threatened by Western culture. ✅ B.national identities are based on differences. C.identities are broken down due to communication and migration. D.ethnic conflicts are caused by Westernization or Americanization. 解析：细节题 题目问的是“文化全球化的批评家们相信________。”根据第一段的“For many critics，non-Western culture and practices are at risk of being overwhelmed by homogenizing ‘McDonaldization’. ”可知，对很多批评家来说，非西方文化和做法现在正面临着一种风险，那就是被同质化麦当劳化征服。故选 A。 |
27.《复合题被拆开情况》 Cultural globalization, for many, means Westernization or Americanization. An important distinction concerning today’s cultural globalization is that it is largely driven by corporations, rather than countries. As such, one of the central concerns is the spread of consumer culture. For many critics, non-Western culture and practices are at risk of being overwhelmed by homogenizing " Mc-Donaldization". Skeptics contend that the erosion of culture has been overstated. They point to evidence that local culture remains strong. Cultural interactions have taken place for centuries so to argue non-Western cultural are somehow pure is naive. In a sense, the cultural degradation argument dismisses the ability of non-Western people to control their destiny and incorporate those attributes they may find useful. What is more, some argue that national identities are founded on real differences that have continued salience. Other skeptics point to the growth of ethnic and nationalist movements in the post-Cold War world as evidence that these sources of identity remain strong. Intense interaction may make people more cognizant of difference and lead to conflict. Information technology may, in fact, intensify traditional identities. Cultural globalization involves processes of unequal power, which brings traditions and identities into question. Where ethnic and religious groups feel threatened by globalization, there is the potential for conflict. Migration is a significant aspect of globalization that has not only economic but also social and cultural effects. While migration is not unique to the present age, communication and transportation technologies allow migrants a greater opportunity to maintain links with their homelands. More porous borders raise questions about notions of citizenship and identity. While challenges to national identity may come from supranational entities such as the European Union, globalization at the same time may facilitate the triggering of more local, particularistic identities. There is some disagreement on where this is all going and whether globalization could come to an end. Clearly the openness and interconnectedness that emerged in the late 1800s was not permanent. The 1930s saw the major powers carving out spheres of influence and blocking out others. From a broader historical perspective, however, that may have been a hiccup. Whereas before the end of the American Civil War it took months to go by ship from one coast of the US to the other. The transcontinental railroad cut the trip to a week by 1870 and today it is a matter of a few hours by plane. There was some discussion after 9.11 whether the need for security would bring an end to the era of globalization. In some areas, such as educational exchanges, there has been an impact. Overall, however, the flow of goods, people, and messages of peace and war continue unabated some five years later. In many respects, therefore, globalization is not going away. The challenge for humanity, then, is to direct these forces in peaceful and beneficial ways.《问题》：Skeptics defend their opinion by stating（分数：1.00） A.current cultural globalization is not driven by countries. B.the power of non-Western cultures is underestimated. ✅ C.non-Western cultures are pure. D.cultural globalization is not a new tendency. 解析：细节题 题目问的是“怀疑论者通过说明________来辩护自己的观点。”根据第二段的“They point to evidence that local culture remains strong. ”和“In a sense，the cultural degradation argument dismisses the ability of non-Western people to control their destiny and incorporate those attributes they may find useful. ”可知，当地文化仍然强劲，而且从某种意义上说，文化退化的论调忽视了非西方人类控制自己命运和吸收一些有用属性的能力。故选 B。 |
28.《复合题被拆开情况》 Cultural globalization, for many, means Westernization or Americanization. An important distinction concerning today’s cultural globalization is that it is largely driven by corporations, rather than countries. As such, one of the central concerns is the spread of consumer culture. For many critics, non-Western culture and practices are at risk of being overwhelmed by homogenizing " Mc-Donaldization". Skeptics contend that the erosion of culture has been overstated. They point to evidence that local culture remains strong. Cultural interactions have taken place for centuries so to argue non-Western cultural are somehow pure is naive. In a sense, the cultural degradation argument dismisses the ability of non-Western people to control their destiny and incorporate those attributes they may find useful. What is more, some argue that national identities are founded on real differences that have continued salience. Other skeptics point to the growth of ethnic and nationalist movements in the post-Cold War world as evidence that these sources of identity remain strong. Intense interaction may make people more cognizant of difference and lead to conflict. Information technology may, in fact, intensify traditional identities. Cultural globalization involves processes of unequal power, which brings traditions and identities into question. Where ethnic and religious groups feel threatened by globalization, there is the potential for conflict. Migration is a significant aspect of globalization that has not only economic but also social and cultural effects. While migration is not unique to the present age, communication and transportation technologies allow migrants a greater opportunity to maintain links with their homelands. More porous borders raise questions about notions of citizenship and identity. While challenges to national identity may come from supranational entities such as the European Union, globalization at the same time may facilitate the triggering of more local, particularistic identities. There is some disagreement on where this is all going and whether globalization could come to an end. Clearly the openness and interconnectedness that emerged in the late 1800s was not permanent. The 1930s saw the major powers carving out spheres of influence and blocking out others. From a broader historical perspective, however, that may have been a hiccup. Whereas before the end of the American Civil War it took months to go by ship from one coast of the US to the other. The transcontinental railroad cut the trip to a week by 1870 and today it is a matter of a few hours by plane. There was some discussion after 9.11 whether the need for security would bring an end to the era of globalization. In some areas, such as educational exchanges, there has been an impact. Overall, however, the flow of goods, people, and messages of peace and war continue unabated some five years later. In many respects, therefore, globalization is not going away. The challenge for humanity, then, is to direct these forces in peaceful and beneficial ways.《问题》：What do ethnic and nationalist movements prove?（分数：1.00） A.Globalization may trigger conflicts between religious groups. ✅ B.Traditional identities are having a tough time. C.Cultural identities are resistant to change. D.National identities are in the process of degrading. 解析：推断题 题目问的是“种族和民族主义运动证明了什么?”根据第三段的“Other skeptics point to the growth of ethnic and nationalist movements in the post-Cold War world as evidence that these sources of identity remain strong. Intense interaction may make people more cognizant of difference and lead to conflict. ”和 “Cultural globalization involves processes of unequal power，which brings traditions and identities into question. Where ethnic and religious groups feel threatened by globalization，there is the potential for conflict可知，冷战后世界上种族和民族主义运动的成长证明这些认同的来源仍然很强。强烈的相互作用可能使人们更加认识到相互间的差异并导致冲突。文化全球化涉及不平等权力的过程，这使传统和身份认同成为问题。全球化对种族和宗教群体产生威胁的地方，就存在冲突的可能性。故选 A。 |
29.《复合题被拆开情况》 Cultural globalization, for many, means Westernization or Americanization. An important distinction concerning today’s cultural globalization is that it is largely driven by corporations, rather than countries. As such, one of the central concerns is the spread of consumer culture. For many critics, non-Western culture and practices are at risk of being overwhelmed by homogenizing " Mc-Donaldization". Skeptics contend that the erosion of culture has been overstated. They point to evidence that local culture remains strong. Cultural interactions have taken place for centuries so to argue non-Western cultural are somehow pure is naive. In a sense, the cultural degradation argument dismisses the ability of non-Western people to control their destiny and incorporate those attributes they may find useful. What is more, some argue that national identities are founded on real differences that have continued salience. Other skeptics point to the growth of ethnic and nationalist movements in the post-Cold War world as evidence that these sources of identity remain strong. Intense interaction may make people more cognizant of difference and lead to conflict. Information technology may, in fact, intensify traditional identities. Cultural globalization involves processes of unequal power, which brings traditions and identities into question. Where ethnic and religious groups feel threatened by globalization, there is the potential for conflict. Migration is a significant aspect of globalization that has not only economic but also social and cultural effects. While migration is not unique to the present age, communication and transportation technologies allow migrants a greater opportunity to maintain links with their homelands. More porous borders raise questions about notions of citizenship and identity. While challenges to national identity may come from supranational entities such as the European Union, globalization at the same time may facilitate the triggering of more local, particularistic identities. There is some disagreement on where this is all going and whether globalization could come to an end. Clearly the openness and interconnectedness that emerged in the late 1800s was not permanent. The 1930s saw the major powers carving out spheres of influence and blocking out others. From a broader historical perspective, however, that may have been a hiccup. Whereas before the end of the American Civil War it took months to go by ship from one coast of the US to the other. The transcontinental railroad cut the trip to a week by 1870 and today it is a matter of a few hours by plane. There was some discussion after 9.11 whether the need for security would bring an end to the era of globalization. In some areas, such as educational exchanges, there has been an impact. Overall, however, the flow of goods, people, and messages of peace and war continue unabated some five years later. In many respects, therefore, globalization is not going away. The challenge for humanity, then, is to direct these forces in peaceful and beneficial ways.《问题》：The word "cognizant" (line 3, para.3) possibly means（分数：1.00） A.aware. ✅ B.defensive. C.ignorant. D.confident. 解析：推断题题目问的是“第三段第三行的 cognizant 这个单词可能意味着_____。”根据第二段的最后一句“…some argue that national identities are founded on real differences that have continued salience. ”可知，民族认同是建立在那些持续显著的真正差异的基础上的。根据第三段的“Intense interaction may make people more cognizant of difference and lead to conflict. ”可猜测强烈的相互作用可能使人们更加认识到相互间的差异并导致冲突。其他选项的意思代入之后不合适。故选 A。 |
30.《复合题被拆开情况》 Cultural globalization, for many, means Westernization or Americanization. An important distinction concerning today’s cultural globalization is that it is largely driven by corporations, rather than countries. As such, one of the central concerns is the spread of consumer culture. For many critics, non-Western culture and practices are at risk of being overwhelmed by homogenizing " Mc-Donaldization". Skeptics contend that the erosion of culture has been overstated. They point to evidence that local culture remains strong. Cultural interactions have taken place for centuries so to argue non-Western cultural are somehow pure is naive. In a sense, the cultural degradation argument dismisses the ability of non-Western people to control their destiny and incorporate those attributes they may find useful. What is more, some argue that national identities are founded on real differences that have continued salience. Other skeptics point to the growth of ethnic and nationalist movements in the post-Cold War world as evidence that these sources of identity remain strong. Intense interaction may make people more cognizant of difference and lead to conflict. Information technology may, in fact, intensify traditional identities. Cultural globalization involves processes of unequal power, which brings traditions and identities into question. Where ethnic and religious groups feel threatened by globalization, there is the potential for conflict. Migration is a significant aspect of globalization that has not only economic but also social and cultural effects. While migration is not unique to the present age, communication and transportation technologies allow migrants a greater opportunity to maintain links with their homelands. More porous borders raise questions about notions of citizenship and identity. While challenges to national identity may come from supranational entities such as the European Union, globalization at the same time may facilitate the triggering of more local, particularistic identities. There is some disagreement on where this is all going and whether globalization could come to an end. Clearly the openness and interconnectedness that emerged in the late 1800s was not permanent. The 1930s saw the major powers carving out spheres of influence and blocking out others. From a broader historical perspective, however, that may have been a hiccup. Whereas before the end of the American Civil War it took months to go by ship from one coast of the US to the other. The transcontinental railroad cut the trip to a week by 1870 and today it is a matter of a few hours by plane. There was some discussion after 9.11 whether the need for security would bring an end to the era of globalization. In some areas, such as educational exchanges, there has been an impact. Overall, however, the flow of goods, people, and messages of peace and war continue unabated some five years later. In many respects, therefore, globalization is not going away. The challenge for humanity, then, is to direct these forces in peaceful and beneficial ways.《问题》：The author of this article（分数：1.00） A.tries to sound neutral by giving equal weight on both sides. ✅ B.believes that cultural globalization can be beneficial to humans. C.argues that information technology plays a role in breaking national identities. D.agrees that organizations such as EU are blocking out other countries. 解析：推断题 题目问的是“这篇文章的作者____。”文章中并没有表明作者的观点，表达的都是其他人的观点，故排除 C、D 选项。根据最后一段的“The challenge for humanity，then，is to direct these forces in peaceful and beneficial ways. ”可知，人类所面临的挑战就是用和平有益的方式引导这些理论。但并不是说文化全球化是有益的，因此 B 选项不对。根据排除法，故选 A。 |
31.《复合题被拆开情况》 On November 5th 1605, a band of English Catholic hotheads planned to detonate 36 barrels of gunpowder under the House of Lords. The scheme would have destroyed the nation by wiping out MPs, lords, bishops and the king. For sheer terrorist ambition, the plot remains unmatched. So why has this plan, and the capture, torture and public execution of the leading conspirators, been celebrated in Britain for the past four centuries? "God’s Secret Agents" suggests one reason why: anti-Catholic paranoia. The plot was the "popish"outrage that Protestants had expected and warned about for half a century. Such fears had resulted in fines, strict laws and show trials of Jesuit missionaries. It is as though Anglicanism—a vague and ambiguous creed, even in its early days—required an enemy against which to test itself. Before 1605, the threat from Catholicism was mostly imaginary. Attempts to re-establish the old religion in England were doomed to failure. Missionaries concentrated on the nobility, reckoning they would in turn convert the rest of the population, but this was to misunderstand English society. Worst, the missionaries received little support from Rome or Spain. The Gunpowder Plot was a desperate last heave by men who had already failed. It was also a gift to the authorities. The plot had been so wide-ranging that every pillar of the state—monarchy, church, nobility and Parliament—could interpret its survival as an act of divine providence. All had an interest in keeping the memory of Catholic perfidy alive. As one preacher put it in 1636, the day was "never to be cancelled out of the calendar, but to be written in every man’s heart for ever. " But then, something rather odd happened. What began as a celebration of the status quo became the opposite. By the 18th century, Bonfire Night had become an excuse for violence and barely disguised extortion. Respectable citizens who tried to suppress it were burned in effigy for their pains, alongside the pope—a tradition that survives in the Sussex town of Lewes. This peculiar transformation is the subject of Gunpowder Plots, a book of essays. It is a mixed bag, but two stand out: an elegant account of the evolution of Bonfire Night by David Cressy, a historian, and a nerdy and fascinating treatise on gunpowder and fireworks by Brenda Buchanan. The latter contains an intriguing detail. A receipt dated November 1605 from the Board of Ordnance mentions that the gunpowder recovered from Parliament was "decaied"—i. e. moist. Perhaps the plot that Britons have celebrated all this time would have been rather a damp firework.《问题》：In 1605, a group of English religious fanatics（分数：1.00） A.wiped out MPs, lords, bishops and the king. B.exploded the House of Lords with gunpowder. C.conspired a plot against the nation unequalled in history. ✅ D.were terrified with torture and public execution after their capture. 解析：细节题 题目问的是“1605 年，一批英国宗教狂热分子____。”由第一段的“On November 5th 1605，a band of English Catholic hotheads planned to detonate 36 barrels of gunpowder under the House of Lords. The scheme would have destroyed the nation by wiping out MPs. 1ords. bishops and the king. For sheer terrorist ambition，the plot remains unmatched. ”可知，1605 年 11 月 5 日，一批英国天主教狂热分子计划在上议院下面引爆 36 桶火药。该计划将通过消灭国会议员、贵族、主教和国王来摧毁这个国家。对于纯粹的恐怖野心，这种阴谋也依然是无可比拟的。故选 C。 |
32.《复合题被拆开情况》 On November 5th 1605, a band of English Catholic hotheads planned to detonate 36 barrels of gunpowder under the House of Lords. The scheme would have destroyed the nation by wiping out MPs, lords, bishops and the king. For sheer terrorist ambition, the plot remains unmatched. So why has this plan, and the capture, torture and public execution of the leading conspirators, been celebrated in Britain for the past four centuries? "God’s Secret Agents" suggests one reason why: anti-Catholic paranoia. The plot was the "popish" outrage that Protestants had expected and warned about for half a century. Such fears had resulted in fines, strict laws and show trials of Jesuit missionaries. It is as though Anglicanism—a vague and ambiguous creed, even in its early days—required an enemy against which to test itself. Before 1605, the threat from Catholicism was mostly imaginary. Attempts to re-establish the old religion in England were doomed to failure. Missionaries concentrated on the nobility, reckoning they would in turn convert the rest of the population, but this was to misunderstand English society. Worst, the missionaries received little support from Rome or Spain. The Gunpowder Plot was a desperate last heave by men who had already failed. It was also a gift to the authorities. The plot had been so wide-ranging that every pillar of the state—monarchy, church, nobility and Parliament—could interpret its survival as an act of divine providence. All had an interest in keeping the memory of Catholic perfidy alive. As one preacher put it in 1636, the day was "never to be cancelled out of the calendar, but to be written in every man’s heart for ever. " But then, something rather odd happened. What began as a celebration of the status quo became the opposite. By the 18th century, Bonfire Night had become an excuse for violence and barely disguised extortion. Respectable citizens who tried to suppress it were burned in effigy for their pains, alongside the pope—a tradition that survives in the Sussex town of Lewes. This peculiar transformation is the subject of Gunpowder Plots, a book of essays. It is a mixed bag, but two stand out: an elegant account of the evolution of Bonfire Night by David Cressy, a historian, and a nerdy and fascinating treatise on gunpowder and fireworks by Brenda Buchanan. The latter contains an intriguing detail. A receipt dated November 1605 from the Board of Ordnance mentions that the gunpowder recovered from Parliament was "decaied"—i. e. moist. Perhaps the plot that Britons have celebrated all this time would have been rather a damp firework.《问题》：According to the text, Protestants（分数：1.00） A.were put on public trial by the Catholics. B.faced persecution by the Catholics before 1605. C.failed to establish Anglicanism because of opposition from the Catholics. D.feared that Anglicanism would be threatened by Catholicism. ✅ 解析：细节题题目问的是“根据这篇文章，新教徒 ____。”根据第三段的“Before 1685，the threat fromCatholicism was mostly imaginary. Attempts to reestablish the old religion in England were doomed to failure. Missionaries concentrated on the nobility，reckoning they would in turn convert the rest of the population，but this was to misunderstand English society. ”可知，在 1605 年，天主教的威胁主要是虚构的。尝试在英格兰重新建立旧宗教的行为是注定要失败的。传教士主要关注着贵族，他们认为贵族可以反过来改变其余所有人的信仰，但是这是对英国社会的误解。故选 D。 |
33.《复合题被拆开情况》 On November 5th 1605, a band of English Catholic hotheads planned to detonate 36 barrels of gunpowder under the House of Lords. The scheme would have destroyed the nation by wiping out MPs, lords, bishops and the king. For sheer terrorist ambition, the plot remains unmatched. So why has this plan, and the capture, torture and public execution of the leading conspirators, been celebrated in Britain for the past four centuries? "God’s Secret Agents" suggests one reason why: anti-Catholic paranoia. The plot was the "popish"outrage that Protestants had expected and warned about for half a century. Such fears had resulted in fines, strict laws and show trials of Jesuit missionaries. It is as though Anglicanism—a vague and ambiguous creed, even in its early days—required an enemy against which to test itself. Before 1605, the threat from Catholicism was mostly imaginary. Attempts to re-establish the old religion in England were doomed to failure. Missionaries concentrated on the nobility, reckoning they would in turn convert the rest of the population, but this was to misunderstand English society. Worst, the missionaries received little support from Rome or Spain. The Gunpowder Plot was a desperate last heave by men who had already failed. It was also a gift to the autho ities. The plot had been so wide-ranging that every pillar of the state—monarchy, church, nobility and Parliament—could interpret its survival as an act of divine providence. All had an interest in keeping the memory of Catholic perfidy alive. As one preacher put it in 1636, the day was "never to be cancelled out of the calendar, but to be written in every man’s heart for ever. " But then, something rather odd happened. What began as a celebration of the status quo became the opposite. By the 18th century, Bonfire Night had become an excuse for violence and barely disguised extortion. Respectable citizens who tried to suppress it were burned in effigy for their pains, alongside the pope—a tradition that survives in the Sussex town of Lewes. This peculiar transformation is the subject of Gunpowder Plots, a book of essays. It is a mixed bag, but two stand out: an elegant account of the evolution of Bonfire Night by David Cressy, a historian, and a nerdy and fascinating treatise on gunpowder and fireworks by Brenda Buchanan. The latter contains an intriguing detail. A receipt dated November 1605 from the Board of Ordnance mentions that the gunpowder recovered from Parliament was "decaied"—i. e. moist. Perhaps the plot that Britons have celebrated all this time would have been rather a damp firework.《问题》：Failure to re-establish Catholicism was due to the following EXCEPT（分数：1.00） A.opposition of the nobility. ✅ B.lack of attention to the general public. C.misunderstanding of English society. D.inadequate support from Rome. 解析：细节题 题目问的是“未能重新建立天主教是由于以下各项，除了____。”根据第三段的“Attempts to re-establish the old religion in England were doomed to failure. Missionaries concentrated on the nobility，reckoning they would in turn convert therest of the population，but this was to misunderstand English society. Worst，the missionaries received little support from Rome or Spain. ”可知，传教士主要关注着贵族，他们认为贵族可以反过来改变其余所有人的信仰，但是这是对英国社会的误解。最糟糕的是，传教士几乎没有得到罗马或者西班牙的支持。故选 A。 |
34.《复合题被拆开情况》 On November 5th 1605, a band of English Catholic hotheads planned to detonate 36 barrels of gunpowder under the House of Lords. The scheme would have destroyed the nation by wiping out MPs, lords, bishops and the king. For sheer terrorist ambition, the plot remains unmatched. So why has this plan, and the capture, torture and public execution of the leading conspirators, been celebrated in Britain for the past four centuries? "God’s Secret Agents" suggests one reason why: anti-Catholic paranoia. The plot was the "popish" outrage that Protestants had expected and warned about for half a century. Such fears had resulted in fines, strict laws and show trials of Jesuit missionaries. It is as though Anglicanism—a vague and ambiguous creed, even in its early days—required an enemy against which to test itself. Before 1605, the threat from Catholicism was mostly imaginary. Attempts to re-establish the old religion in England were doomed to failure. Missionaries concentrated on the nobility, reckoning they would in turn convert the rest of the population, but this was to misunderstand English society. Worst, the missionaries received little support from Rome or Spain. The Gunpowder Plot was a desperate last heave by men who had already failed. It was also a gift to the authorities. The plot had been so wide-ranging that every pillar of the state—monarchy, church, nobility and Parliament—could interpret its survival as an act of divine providence. All had an interest in keeping the memory of Catholic perfidy alive. As one preacher put it in 1636, the day was "never to be cancelled out of the calendar, but to be written in every man’s heart for ever. " But then, something rather odd happened. What began as a celebration of the status quo became the opposite. By the 18th century, Bonfire Night had become an excuse for violence and barely disguised extortion. Respectable citizens who tried to suppress it were burned in effigy for their pains, alongside the pope—a tradition that survives in the Sussex town of Lewes. This peculiar transformation is the subject of Gunpowder Plots, a book of essays. It is a mixed bag, but two stand out: an elegant account of the evolution of Bonfire Night by David Cressy, a historian, and a nerdy and fascinating treatise on gunpowder and fireworks by Brenda Buchanan. The latter contains an intriguing detail. A receipt dated November 1605 from the Board of Ordnance mentions that the gunpowder recovered from Parliament was "decaied"—i. e. moist. Perhaps the plot that Britons have celebrated all this time would have been rather a damp firework.《问题》：The celebration of the Gunpowder Plot actually（分数：1.00） A.prompted the state to suppress the Catholics. B.caused the deaths of respectable citizens. C.was intended to commemorate the victims. D.served as an excuse for violence. ✅ 解析：细节题 题目问的是“火药阴谋的庆祝活动实际上____。”根据第五段的“What began as a celebration of the status quo became the opposite. By the 18th century，Bonfire Night had become an excuse for violence and barely disguised extortion. ”可知，这个日子变成了现在的庆祝日而不是相反的情况。到了 18 世纪，篝火之夜已经成为暴力和变相勒索的借口。故选 D。 |
35.《复合题被拆开情况》 On November 5th 1605, a band of English Catholic hotheads planned to detonate 36 barrels of gunpowder under the House of Lords. The scheme would have destroyed the nation by wiping out MPs, lords, bishops and the king. For sheer terrorist ambition, the plot remains unmatched. So why has this plan, and the capture, torture and public execution of the leading conspirators, been celebrated in Britain for the past four centuries? "God’s Secret Agents" suggests one reason why: anti-Catholic paranoia. The plot was the "popish" outrage that Protestants had expected and warned about for half a century. Such fears had resulted in fines, strict laws and show trials of Jesuit missionaries. It is as though Anglicanism—a vague and ambiguous creed, even in its early days—required an enemy against which to test itself. Before 1605, the threat from Catholicism was mostly imaginary. Attempts to re-establish the old religion in England were doomed to failure. Missionaries concentrated on the nobility, reckoning they would in turn convert the rest of the population, but this was to misunderstand English society. Worst, the missionaries received little support from Rome or Spain. The Gunpowder Plot was a desperate last heave by men who had already failed. It was also a gift to the authorities. The plot had been so wide-ranging that every pillar of the state—monarchy, church, nobility and Parliament—could interpret its survival as an act of divine providence. All had an interest in keeping the memory of Catholic perfidy alive. As one preacher put it in 1636, the day was "never to be cancelled out of the calendar, but to be written in every man’s heart for ever. " But then, something rather odd happened. What began as a celebration of the status quo became the opposite. By the 18th century, Bonfire Night had become an excuse for violence and barely disguised extortion. Respectable citizens who tried to suppress it were burned in effigy for their pains, alongside the pope—a tradition that survives in the Sussex town of Lewes. This peculiar transformation is the subject of Gunpowder Plots, a book of essays. It is a mixed bag, but two stand out: an elegant account of the evolution of Bonfire Night by David Cressy, a historian, and a nerdy and fascinating treatise on gunpowder and fireworks by Brenda Buchanan. The latter contains an intriguing detail. A receipt dated November 1605 from the Board of Ordnance mentions that the gunpowder recovered from Parliament was "decaied"—i. e. moist. Perhaps the plot that Britons have celebrated all this time would have been rather a damp firework.《问题》：It can be inferred from the text that the real cause for the failure of the plot was（分数：1.00） A.divine providence. B.the gunpowder. ✅ C.government suppression. D.Anglican precautions. 解析：推断题 题目问的是“可以推断出，这个阴谋失败的真正原因是____。”根据最后一段的“Areceipt dated November 1605 from the Board of Ordnance mentions that the gunpowder recovered from Parliament was ‘decaied’一 i. e. moist. Perhaps the plot that Britons have celebrated all this time would have been rather a damp firework. ”可知，军械局 1605 年 11 月的收据中提到，从国会收回的火药是 decaied，也就是潮湿的。也许英国人一直在庆祝的阴谋是一个“哑炮”。故选B。 |
