十大主题真题分类三轮词汇复习—自然科学(2023-2025高考真题)

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十大主题：自然科学

来源：真题：2024年北京卷C篇/2024年全国甲卷B篇 /2024年全国I卷D篇 / 2024年浙江卷D篇

I.话题词汇和短语英汉互译

纲内词

1.advance v./n. __________ 

2.objectiveadj. ___________

3.reasonv._____________

4.inquiry n._____________ 

5.model v._____________ 

6.facilitate v._____________ 

7.insightful adj.____________

8.assumption n._____________

9.illustrate v._____________

10.justify v._____________ 

11.distinctadj.___________

12.shelterv/n .___________

13.distinguish vt._____________

14.adorableadj.____________

15.speciesn. _____________ 

16.extinctadj.____________ 

17.investigatevt._____________

18.patternn.______________

19.revealv.______________

20.favorn/v.____________

21.encounterv/n.____________

22.featurev/n.____________

23.samplev/n.____________

24. identificationn.______________

25.dramaticallyadv.____________

26.ceaselesslyadv_____________

27.originallyadv_____________

28.deliveryn.______________

29.reshapevt._____________

30. mismatchn./v.____________

纲外词:英汉

1.notion n. _________

2.irresistible adj.________

3.mechanism n.__________ 

4.simulatev.__________

5.perceptual adj.________

6.computationn.__________

7.outnumberv.__________

8.connectivity n.__________

9.affectionn.__________

10.biodiversityn.__________

熟词生义：根据所给词性，写出中文

1. In the race to documentthe species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and

citizen scientists have collected billions of records.vt. _________

2.Though they are useful for detecting shiftsin the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.n.________

3.“...,”said Barnabas Daru, who is leadauthor of the study and assistant professor of

biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences.adj.______4.“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias(使有偏差) data like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of aflowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. adj.________

5.Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information.v.[名词动化]___________

短语:英汉翻译

1.take sth seriously______________

2.consist of______________

3.sth be familiar to sb/ sb be familiar with sth _____________

4.in the form of  ______________

5.with the rise of sth______________

with the aid of ______________

6.lead author______________

7.assistant professor______________

8.go extinct______________

9.record their encounters______________

10.confirm the identification______________

11.be at work______________

12.global connectivity______________

13.resist the temptation______________

14.nutritional needs ______________

15.the bitter truth______________

16.at the heart of sth______________

17.struggle to do sth______________

18.response to sth ______________

19.delay doing sth______________

20.follow-up studies______________ 

21.eye-catching features ______________

22.促使；导致______________

23.讲得通；有意义______________

24.告知某人什么情况______________

运用以上纲内词汇，围绕自然科学---生物多样性主题进行图文语境词汇语法填空：

China's biodiversity is among the __1__(rich) in the world, embracing a vast number of species and ___2___（ecosystem). Home __3__ over 34,000 species of plants and 6,400 animals, China hosts diverse habitats __4___(range) from tropical rainforests to alpine meadows(高山草原）. This biodiversity is crucial for ecological __5___(stable) , providing essential services such as climate regulation, water purification, and soil fertility(肥沃）. However, rapid urbanization, deforestation, and climate change pose significant threats. ___6____(protect) China's biodiversity is vital for maintaining ecological balance, supporting ___7____(sustain) development, ___8___preserving cultural heritage. ___9____(conserve)efforts are essential to ensure the health of both the environment and the human population.

长难句分析：

1.So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation. （2014北京卷C ）

分析句子的结构：

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________译文：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it’s been in their nature since the beginning of time.（2014全国甲卷B）

分析句子的结构：

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

译文：__________________________________________________________________

3.These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens(标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?（2024全国I卷D篇）

分析句子的结构：

_______________________________________________________________________

译文：__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4.We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it.（2024全国I卷D篇）

分析句子的结构：

_______________________________________________________________________

译文：

________________________________________________________________________

5.This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.（2024全国I卷D篇）

分析句子的结构：

_______________________________________________________________________

译文：__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6.We’ re not tempted (诱惑)by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets-all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers. （2024浙江首考D篇）

分析句子的结构：

_______________________________________________________________________

译文：

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7. We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value - a feeling of reward and satisfaction.（2024浙江首考D篇）

分析句子的结构：

_________________________________________________________________________

译文：

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8.But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing (the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.（2024浙江首考D篇）

分析句子的结构：

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________译文：___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

II.话题词汇词形变化和运用

1.comprehend v.理解，领悟→_________ n. 理解，领悟→_______adj. 全面的；综合 (性) 的

2.ultimateadj.最终的；根本上；最基本的→__________adv.

3.number n. 数字；号码，数目→_________adj. 很多的; 众多的

4.compare vt. 比较；比喻，比拟vi. 比得上；相比→_______n. 比较；比拟→ ______比得上的，可与…相媲美的

5.like prep. 像，和…一样vt. 喜欢；想要→______vt.不喜欢; 厌恶 n. 厌恶; 不喜欢的事物→ ______adj. 很可能的→________n.可能; 可能性

6.cover n. 盖子，封面vt. 覆盖；掩饰；涉及；走完（一段路程）；占地；采访；报道；够支付→ ______n. [U] 覆盖 (范围)；新闻报道；→______ vt. 发现，揭开

7.threat n. 威胁→_______ v.威胁

8.perceive vt. 察觉；看待；理解→______n. 感知; 悟性; 看法

9.globe n. 球；地球，世界→______ adj 全球的；全面的

[即时演练]单句语法填空

1. Climate change is a__________(globe) issue that requires international cooperation.

2.We've reshaped the world around us, ___________ (ultimate)reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories.

3. The ___________ (cover) of electricity has increased significantly with the rise in the use of electronic devices.

4.Cybercrime poses a serious ___________(threaten)to modern society.

5.People's________(perceive) of art is highly subjective.

6.Journalists work hard to_______(cover) the truth behind political scandals(丑闻）.

7. According to the weather forecast, there is a high __________(likely) of rain tomorrow.

8.Through the _____________(compare) of two different teaching methods, we found that interactive teaching is more effective.

9.Reading_______________(comprehend) is a crucial part of learning a new language.

III．话题写作运用（运用以上词汇于本话题写作中）

1.Space exploration haspresented__________benefits. ___________, the discoveries made by scientists in scientific fieldshave_________________________and________________ the space. 

太空探索带来了许多好处。首先，科学家在科学领域的发现突破了可能性的界限,促进我们对太空的理解。

1. Space exploration has also offered new __________ opportunities such as____________.

2. 太空探索也提供了新的经济机会，如太空旅游。

3.Exploring the sea is crucial because it could______________ new species deep underwater. Furthermore, by studying the deep sea, we might uncover secrets about our planet's past and structure _________. Sea exploration can__________ having a deep conversation with our planet.探索海洋至关重要，因为它可能导致在水下深处发现新物种。此外，通过研究深海，我们可能最终会揭开有关地球过去和结构的秘密。海洋探险比作与我们的星球进行深入对话。

4.However, we_____________the disadvantages of space exploration. Space exploration is full of __________, astronauts face many ____________. Furthermore, waste________in space could _______________future exploration. 

然而，我们不能忽视太空探索的弊端。太空探索充满了不确定性，宇航员面临着许多潜在危险。此外，留在太空中的废物可能会对未来的探索构成威胁。

5. _________ the disadvantages, space exploration has ___________significant benefits. Therefore, we should _________ space exploration while _______________ responsibly.

尽管有这些缺点，但太空探索还是带来了巨大的好处。因此，我们应该在负责任地解决其弊端的同时，继续进行太空探索。

6.In my view, we should_____________________sea exploration ________________.After all, how can we___________our planet if we don't understand it better?

我认为，从长远来看，我们应该更加重视海洋勘探。毕竟，如果我们不更好地了解地球，我们怎么能与地球共存呢？

7.In my opinion, the benefits of space exploration ____________the drawbacks. It is important to ensure responsible and ___________exploration _____________ the space.

在我看来，太空探索的好处多于缺点。重要的是为了宇宙的好处要确保负责任和可持续的探索。

将以上的句子运用到下文的写作中

假设你是学生会主席李华，近年来，中国航天科技取得了令人瞩目的成就，为了增加学生对太空探索的了解，学校要求你做一次题为“太空探索”的国旗下演讲，内容包括:

1.谈谈你对太空探索的认识。 (1)驳斥浪费金钱和时间的论调;(2)太空探索对人类的重要意义。

2.表达要努力学习，将来为太空探索贡献力量的愿望。