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Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
Text 2
At the 2026 Winter Olympics, held in Milan in February, Norwegian athletes topped the medals leaderboard. But the country’s year of record-breaking athleticism did not begin on the Italian slopes. In January lab footage emerged suggesting that Kristian Blummenfelt, a triathlete, had recorded the highest-ever VO2 max score, the most well-known gauge for cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF). Until recently such news would have interested few people apart from fellow endurance athletes. But an increasing number of health gurus and fitness influencers have begun touting to ordinary people the benefits of tracking VO2 max. Are they right?
VO2 max, also known as maximal oxygen consumption, measures the highest rate at which the body can use the gas during intense exercise. Muscles rely on oxygen to fuel activity. The more intense the exercise, the more they need. The body delivers it to them via the lungs by binding it to a protein called haemoglobin in blood, which the heart then pumps around the body. The more oxygen the heart can pump, and the more of it that the muscles can use, the higher the VO2 max and the longer the muscles can go before tiring out.
There are good reasons to care about this process. A growing body of evidence suggests that CRF may be a better predictor of longevity than measures such as BMI. A meta-analysis covering 400,000 observations published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine in 2025 found that overweight or obese individuals with the highest CRF scores had around half the all-cause mortality risk compared with unfit people of normal weight.
Roughly half of the body’s VO2 max is determined by genetics. Age is also a factor. The body’s potential maximum increases for the first 30 or so years of life before decreasing by about 10% per decade after age 30 and by over 20% per decade after 70. Athletes in their prime can have a VO2 max score above 60 millilitres per minute per kilogram of body weight (ml/kilogram/minute), while an average 40-year-old man will score around 40. Women’s results are typically 15% lower, owing to smaller hearts, less muscle mass and lower levels of haemoglobin.
Improvements are nonetheless possible. Former couch potatoes can see their VO2 max increase by 10-30% with regular exercise, says Jason Tso, a cardiologist at Stanford University. Doing aerobic exercises, such as swimming or running, for example, causes adaptations which lead to more oxygen being pumped around the body. High-intensity interval training is particularly effective, taking a person near to their maximum oxygen intake level multiple times during a workout. Yet such efforts require additional recovery time and can only be done a few times per week.
All the same, accurately determining VO2 max is tricky. Smartwatches claim to do so based on heart rate and speed of movement, but have patchy accuracy: one study published in PLOS ONE in 2025 found that Apple watch estimates were off by about 13% on average. Even lab-based measurements, where subjects wear masks to measure the precise volumes of oxygen and carbon dioxide being exchanged in the breath, are not infallible. (The methodology that led to Mr Blummenfelt’s eye-watering score of 101 ml/kg/minute, for example, has been questioned.) They also cost $200 a pop.
So what should serious self-improvers do? Ultimately, the healthiest option might be to stop obsessing over VO2 max and just find activities you enjoy that get the blood pumping.
26. What is the primary function of the first paragraph?[A] To celebrate the unprecedented athletic achievements of Norwegian Olympians.[B] To illustrate how a niche physiological metric has gained mainstream popularity.[C] To question the scientific credibility of fitness influencers promoting VO2 max.[D] To introduce the biological mechanism behind maximal oxygen consumption.27. What can be inferred from the 2025 meta-analysis published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine?
[A] Body Mass Index is entirely irrelevant to an individual's life expectancy.
[B] Overweight individuals inherently possess higher cardio-respiratory fitness.
[C] Cardiovascular endurance outweighs body weight in determining mortality risk.
[D] Normal-weight people are more susceptible to all-cause mortality than obese ones.
28. According to Paragraph 4, the discrepancy in VO2 max scores between men and women is primarily due to ________.
[A] the accelerated rate of physiological decline after the age of 30
[B] disparities in cardiovascular capacity and blood composition
[C] inherently different genetic predispositions toward endurance sports
[D] women's general inability to reach a score above 40 ml/kg/minute
29. The author mentions the inaccuracy of Apple watches and the questioning of Mr. Blummenfelt’s score to emphasize ________.
[A] the prohibitive costs associated with professional lab-based measurements
[B] the inherent unreliability of current VO2 max quantification methods
[C] the deceptive marketing strategies employed by wearable tech companies
[D] the futility of high-intensity interval training for ordinary individuals
30. Which of the following would the author most likely agree with regarding self-improvement in fitness?
[A] Engaging in enjoyable physical activities is superior to fixating on specific metrics.
[B] Ordinary people should invest in lab tests to accurately guide their training.
[C] High-intensity interval training should be practiced daily for optimal results.
[D] Improving VO2 max is an impossible feat for individuals past their prime.
附注:根据历年考研英语真题阅读题源外刊等,摘选最新文章,模拟仿真出题。
参考答案见以下。
Quick look: BCBBA
26.【正确答案】B
【解析】题型:段落主旨/写作目的题
定位: 第一段。文章先提及挪威运动员在冬奥会的成绩,随后引出铁人三项运动员 Kristian Blummenfelt 创下的 VO2 max 纪录。紧接着在倒数第二、三句点明核心:“直到最近,这样的新闻除了耐力运动员之外,几乎没人会感兴趣。但是,越来越多的健康专家和健身网红开始向普通人推销追踪 VO2 max 的好处。”
分析: 作者通过这一系列的引入,旨在说明 VO2 max 这个曾经只有专业耐力运动员关注的“小众生理指标(niche physiological metric)”,现在已经通过网红的推销进入了大众视野(gained mainstream popularity)。选项 B 完美概括了这一写作意图。
干扰项:[A] 赞颂挪威奥运健儿的成就,这只是文章的引子,并非第一段的核心目的;[C] 质疑健身网红的科学可信度,第一段末尾虽然问了“Are they right?”,但第一段本身重在描述“指标流行”这一现象,尚未展开实质性质疑;[D] 介绍最大耗氧量背后的生物学机制,这是第二段的内容。
27.【正确答案】C
【解析】题型:推理判断题
定位: 第三段最后一句“A meta-analysis... found that overweight or obese individuals with the highest CRF scores had around half the all-cause mortality risk compared with unfit people of normal weight.”(一项荟萃分析发现,CRF得分最高的超重或肥胖个体的全因死亡风险,大约是体重正常但体能不佳者的一半。)
分析: 原文明确指出,体能极佳的超重/肥胖者,其死亡风险反而比体重正常但体能差的人低一半。这不仅呼应了前一句“CRF 可能是比 BMI 更好的长寿预测指标”,更深刻地暗示了在决定死亡风险时,心血管耐力(Cardiovascular endurance,即 CRF)的重要性超过了体重(outweighs body weight)。选项 C 准确捕捉了这一深层推论。
干扰项:[A] BMI对预期寿命完全无关,“完全无关(entirely irrelevant)”表述过于绝对;[B] 超重个体天生具备更高的心肺适应能力,明显违背常识与原文逻辑;[D] 正常体重的人比肥胖者更容易死亡,偷换概念,原文强调的是“体能差的(unfit)”正常体重者风险更高,而非所有正常体重者。
28.【正确答案】B
【解析】题型:事实细节题
定位: 第四段最后一句“Women’s results are typically 15% lower, owing to smaller hearts, less muscle mass and lower levels of haemoglobin.”(女性的结果通常低 15%,原因是心脏较小、肌肉量较少以及血红蛋白水平较低。)
分析: 题目询问男女 VO2 max 得分差异的主要原因。原文给出的原因是“心脏较小(smaller hearts)”和“血红蛋白水平较低(lower levels of haemoglobin)”以及“肌肉量较少”。选项 B 中的“心血管能力(cardiovascular capacity,对应 smaller hearts)”和“血液成分(blood composition,对应 lower levels of haemoglobin)的差异(disparities)”是对原文细节的精准高级同义替换。
干扰项:[A] 30岁后生理衰退速度加快,这是年龄因素,与性别差异无关;[C] 天生对耐力运动的基因倾向不同,原文提到了基因决定了一半,但并未说男女基因对“耐力运动倾向”的差异导致得分不同;[D] 女性通常无法达到40的得分,无中生有,原文只是说女性比男性低15%,未断言无法达到某个绝对数值。
29.【正确答案】B
【解析】题型:例证推断题
定位: 第六段。段首句“All the same, accurately determining VO2 max is tricky.”(尽管如此,准确测定 VO2 max 是很棘手的。)随后作者举了两个例子:智能手表(如Apple watch)声称能测但准确性参差不齐(patchy accuracy);实验室测量(包括Blummenfelt的惊人得分受质疑)也并非绝对可靠(not infallible)。
分析: 作者列举 Apple watch 不准和专业运动员实验室得分受质疑的例子,是为了支撑该段的中心句,即目前无论是消费级设备还是专业实验室,在量化 VO2 max 时都存在困难和不可靠性。选项 B“目前 VO2 max 量化方法固有的不可靠性”精准概括了这一用意。
干扰项:[A] 强调专业实验室测量的高昂成本,成本($200 a pop)只是实验室测试的另一个缺点,不是举这两个例子的核心共性目的;[C] 强调可穿戴科技公司的欺骗性营销,文章只说准确性参差不齐,并未指控其“欺骗营销”;[D] 强调高强度间歇训练对普通人无效,这与第六段关于“测量准确性”的主题毫无关系。
30.【正确答案】A
【解析】题型:作者态度/观点题
定位: 第七段(最后一段)“Ultimately, the healthiest option might be to stop obsessing over VO2 max and just find activities you enjoy that get the blood pumping.”(最终,最健康的选项可能是停止沉迷于 VO2 max,去寻找你喜欢的、能让血液沸腾的活动。)
分析: 作者在文章最后给出了明确的建议:不要过度纠结于 VO2 max 这个具体指标(stop obsessing over VO2 max),而是去参与自己喜欢的运动。选项 A“参与令人愉快的体育活动优于过分关注特定指标”是对作者最终建议的完美改写。
干扰项:[B] 普通人应投资实验室测试,与作者“不要纠结”和“实验室测试也存在问题且昂贵”的观点完全相反;[C] 高强度间歇训练应每天进行,第五段明确指出此类训练需要额外恢复时间,“每周只能进行几次(only be done a few times per week)”;[D] 过了黄金期的人不可能提高 VO2 max,第五段明确指出“曾经的沙发土豆通过定期锻炼也能增加10-30%”,并非不可能。
【词汇注释】
tout: verb (PERSUADE) to advertise, talk about, or praise something or someone repeatedly, especially as a way of encouraging people to like, accept, or buy something 兜售;吹捧
meta-analysis: noun (SCIENCE) a quantitative statistical analysis of several separate but similar experiments or studies in order to test the pooled data for statistical significance 荟萃分析
haemoglobin: noun (BIOLOGY) a red protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood of vertebrates 血红蛋白
infallible: adjective (NEVER WRONG) never wrong, failing, or making a mistake 绝对可靠的;万无一失的
eye-watering: adjective (AMOUNT) extremely high or large in a way that is shocking (数目) 令人瞠目结舌的;极高的【参考译文】
在今年2月于米兰举行的2026年冬奥会上,挪威运动员登上了奖牌榜榜首。但这个国家创纪录的体育盛年并非始于意大利的雪坡。1月份,实验室的录像显示,铁人三项运动员克里斯蒂安·布鲁门菲尔特(Kristian Blummenfelt)创下了有史以来最高的 VO2 max(最大摄氧量)得分,这是衡量心肺适应能力(CRF)最著名的指标。直到最近,除了耐力运动员同行之外,几乎没人会对这样的新闻感兴趣。但是,越来越多的健康达人和健身网红开始向普通人吹捧追踪 VO2 max 的好处。他们是对的吗?
VO2 max,也被称为最大耗氧量,测量的是身体在剧烈运动时使用这种气体的最高速率。肌肉依靠氧气来为活动提供燃料。运动越剧烈,它们需要的氧气就越多。身体通过肺部将氧气与血液中一种叫做血红蛋白的蛋白质结合,然后由心脏将其泵送到全身,从而将氧气输送给肌肉。心脏能泵出的氧气越多,肌肉能使用的氧气越多,VO2 max 就越高,肌肉在疲劳前能持续运作的时间也就越长。
我们有充分的理由去关注这个过程。越来越多的证据表明,CRF 可能是比 BMI(身体质量指数)更好的长寿预测指标。2025年发表在《英国运动医学杂志》上的一项涵盖40万次观察结果的荟萃分析发现,CRF 得分最高的超重或肥胖个体的全因死亡风险,大约是体重正常但体能不佳者的一半。
人体 VO2 max 的大约一半是由基因决定的。年龄也是一个因素。身体的潜在最大值在生命的前30年左右会增加,然后在30岁后每十年下降约10%,70岁后每十年下降超过20%。处于巅峰时期的运动员的 VO2 max 得分可以超过每分钟每公斤体重60毫升(ml/kg/minute),而一个普通的40岁男性的得分大约在40左右。女性的结果通常低15%,原因是心脏较小、肌肉量较少以及血红蛋白水平较低。
尽管如此,提升也是可能的。斯坦福大学的心脏病专家杰森·曹(Jason Tso)表示,曾经的“沙发土豆”通过有规律的锻炼,其 VO2 max 可以增加10-30%。例如,进行游泳或跑步等有氧运动会引发身体的适应性变化,从而导致更多的氧气被泵送到全身。高强度间歇训练(HIIT)尤为有效,它能在一次锻炼中多次将人逼近其最大摄氧水平。然而,这些努力需要额外的恢复时间,并且每周只能进行几次。
尽管如此,准确测定 VO2 max 还是很棘手的。智能手表声称能根据心率和运动速度来做到这一点,但准确性参差不齐:2025年发表在《PLOS ONE》上的一项研究发现,Apple Watch 的估算值平均存在约13%的偏差。即使是受试者戴着面罩以精确测量呼吸中交换的氧气和二氧化碳体积的实验室测量,也并非万无一失。(例如,导致布鲁门菲尔特先生得出 101 ml/kg/minute 这一令人瞠目结舌得分的测量方法就受到了质疑。)而且,这种测试一次还要花费200美元。
那么,真正追求自我提升的人应该怎么做呢?最终,最健康的选项可能是停止对 VO2 max 的过度痴迷,去寻找你喜欢的、能让血液沸腾的活动就好了。
附注:
本篇 Flesch–Kincaid 可读性指标(估算英文文章纯语言阅读难度,数值越大代表难度越大,十分制)评分为8.5。参考:2026年英语(一)真题四篇评分分别为 7.5、7.5、8.5、8.0,英语(二)为5.0、6.0、6.0、5.5;2025年英语(一)真题四篇评分分别为 7.0、8.0、7.5、9.0,英语(二)为5.5、6.5、6.0、7.0。在话题熟悉度,逻辑复杂度、段落结构线索丰富度方面综合指标(数值越大代表难度越大,十分制)评分为9.0。参考:2026年英语(一)真题四篇评分分别为 7.0、7.5、9.0、9.5,英语(二)为5.0,5.5、6.0、5.5;2025年英语(一)真题四篇评分分别为 6.5、8.5、7.5、9.5,英语(二)为5.0、6.5、6.0、6.5。©图源水印/网络
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