Section I Use of English
原文与译文对照
Advance in artificial intelligence (AI) are rapidly every aspect of human life. The world of AI is buzzing with an exciting potential to improve and enrich our lives.Still, AI also has the potential hazard of dominating our experiences in ways we might find difficult to control. One such area is how we understand and experience beauty.
人工智能（AI）的进步正迅速影响着人类生活的方方面面。AI领域充满了改善和丰富我们生活的激动人心的潜力。尽管如此，AI也有可能以我们难以控制的方式支配我们的体验。这样一个领域就是我们如何理解和体验美。
AI can be a collaborative tool in a wide range of creative endeavors.Combining human creativity and AI algorithms can lead to unique artistic outcomes that are beautiful to the human eye. These collaborations are likely to become increasingly common. For instance, as convenient and provocative, AI enables virtual try-on experiences where you can virtually test makeup, hairstyles, clothing, and even cosmetic procedures before making any physical changes. Individuals can now experiment with different looks and explore their preferences, potentially expanding the range of beauty in ideals.
AI可以成为广泛创造性活动中的协作工具。结合人类创造力和AI算法可以产生独特的艺术成果，在人类眼中是美的。这些协作可能会变得越来越普遍。例如，AI提供了便捷且引人入胜的虚拟试穿体验，你可以在实际做出任何改变之前，虚拟测试妆容、发型、服装，甚至整容程序。人们现在可以尝试不同的造型并探索自己的偏好，从而可能拓宽美的理想范围。
AI algorithms cananalyze facial features and skin conditions to provide personalized beauty recommendations. This customized approach aims to cater to individual preferences and enhance the concept of beauty tailored to each person's unique characteristics. In this way, AI can be a fun vehicle for self-discovery.
AI算法可以分析面部特征和皮肤状况，以提供个性化的美容建议。这种定制化的方法旨在迎合个人偏好，并强化为每个人独特特征量身定制的美感概念。通过这种方式，AI可以成为自我发现的有趣工具。
While AI offers exciting possibilities, it also raises ethicalconcerns. There is a risk of deepening societal beauty pressures and perpetuating unattainable beauty standards. Additionally, AI-powered beauty filters and editing tools can lead to distorted self-perception and contribute to body dissatisfaction. As summarized in a recent post on "The Hidden Dangers of Online Beauty Filters", relying on this technology for social presentation can cause harm, such as body image issues, lower self-esteem, and social anxiety.
虽然AI提供了令人兴奋的可能性，但也引发了伦理担忧。它有可能加深社会审美压力，并使不切实际的审美标准长期存在。此外，由AI驱动的美颜滤镜和编辑工具可能导致自我认知扭曲，并促成对身体的不满。正如最近一篇关于“在线美颜滤镜的隐藏危险”的文章中所总结的，在社交展示中依赖这项技术可能会造成伤害，例如身体形象问题、更低的自尊心以及社交焦虑。
It's important to note that while AI can enhance ourappreciation of beauty, it should not replace the genuine human experience and the emotional connections we derive from seeing the beauty in each other.
重要的是要注意，虽然AI可以增强我们对美的欣赏，但它不应取代真实的人类体验以及我们从彼此身上看到美所带来的情感联系。
答案解析：
1.【答案】 [A] Still (译文：尽管如此) — 前后句为转折关系，且与also连用，表示好处与坏处并存。
2.【答案】 [D] dominating (译文：支配) — 与下文“difficult to control”形成逻辑关联。
3.【答案】 [B] area (译文：领域) — 上文提到的“危险”的一个具体表现领域。
4.【答案】 [C] Combining (译文：结合) — 与上句“collaborative tool”的“协作”含义对应。
5.【答案】 [B] outcomes (译文：成果) — 指人类创造力与AI结合产生的艺术结果。
6.【答案】 [C] For instance (译文：例如) — 前总后分，为举例关系。
7.【答案】 [A] test (译文：测试) — 描述虚拟试穿体验中的动作。
8.【答案】 [D] before (译文：在...之前) — 虚拟尝试与实际改变之间的逻辑关系。
9.【答案】 [A] explore (译文：探索) — 与and前的“experiment”形成语义并列。
10.【答案】 [D] analyze (译文：分析) — 与“facial features and skin conditions”构成合理动宾搭配。
11.【答案】 [D] customized (译文：定制化的) — 指代上文提到的“personalized”特点。
12.【答案】 [D] In this way (译文：通过这种方式) — 承上启下，总结上文方式导致下文结果。
13.【答案】 [C] concerns (译文：担忧) — “raise concerns”为常见搭配。
14.【答案】 [A] pressures (译文：压力) — 与下文“unattainable beauty standards”形成语义呼应。
15.【答案】 [B] Additionally (译文：此外) — 进一步补充说明AI的负面影响。
16.【答案】 [C] contribute to (译文：促成，导致) — 与“lead to”在语义方向上一致。
17.【答案】 [C] relying (译文：依赖) — “rely on”为固定搭配，意为“依赖”。
18.【答案】 [B] such as (译文：例如) — 引出“harm”的具体例子。
19.【答案】 [B] appreciation (译文：欣赏) — “enhance our appreciation of beauty”为合理搭配。
20.【答案】 [A] replace (译文：取代) — 强调AI的辅助性而非替代性。
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Text 1
原文与译文对照
For thousands of years, donkeys have been critical for propelling human civilizations forward. They've helped pull wheeled vehicles, carry travelers and move goods across the world. But where and when these animals first became intertwined with humans has been a mystery. Now, researchers have used genomes of over 200 donkeys to trace their domestication back to a single event around 7,000 years ago in East Africa - about 3,000 years before humans tamed horses. The team published their findings in the journal Science this month.
几千年来，驴对于推动人类文明前进一直至关重要。它们帮助拉动轮式车辆、运送旅行者并在世界各地运输货物。但是，这些动物最初是在何时何地与人类交织在一起的，一直是个谜。现在，研究人员利用200多头驴的基因组，将它们的驯化追溯到大约7000年前东非的一次单一事件——这比人类驯化马早了约3000年。该团队本月在《科学》杂志上发表了他们的发现。
"Through their DNA, the animals are telling their history themselves," co-author Samantha Brooks, an equine researcher at the University of Florida, says in a statement. "We usually only get the human's side of history through written accounts, but of course written history does not always record exactly how something happened. Looking at these DNA sequences, we get a biological testimony to the environment these animals lived in and the experiences they survived."
“通过它们的DNA，这些动物在亲自讲述它们的历史，”该研究的合著者、佛罗里达大学的马科动物研究员萨曼莎·布鲁克斯在一份声明中说。“我们通常只能通过书面记载了解历史中人类的一面，但书面历史当然并不总能准确记录事情是如何发生的。通过观察这些DNA序列，我们获得了关于这些动物所生活的环境以及它们所经历的生存考验的生物学证明。”
The researchers examined 207 genomes from modern donkeys living in 31 countries across the globe. They also looked at genomes from 15 wild equids and 31 earlier donkeys that lived between about 4,000 and 100 years ago. The team reconstructed the animals' evolutionary tree and used computer models to pinpoint the domestication event: when herders in Kenya and the Horn of Africa tamed wild asses. They then traced how the animals spread across the rest of the continent into Europe and Asia about 2,500 years later.
研究人员检查了来自全球31个国家的现代驴的207个基因组。他们还研究了15种野生马科动物和31头生活在约4000年前至100年前的早期驴的基因组。该团队重建了这些动物的进化树，并使用计算机模型精确定位了驯化事件：肯尼亚和非洲之角的牧民驯化野驴的时刻。然后，他们追踪了大约2500年后这些动物如何散布到非洲大陆的其他地区，进入欧洲和亚洲。
Though it's still unclear why the original domestication happened, Science News' Freda Kreier reports that the event coincided with the Sahara growing larger and drier. "Donkeys are champions when it comes to carrying stuff and are good at going at Paul Sabin deserts," co-author Ludovic Orlando, an evolutionary biologist at Paul Sabin University in France, tells the publication. Prehistoric humans may have tamed donkeys' help navigate the expanding Sahara.
尽管仍不清楚最初驯化发生的原因，但《科学新闻》的弗雷达·克雷尔报道称，这一事件恰逢撒哈拉沙漠变得更大、更干燥。“驴在驮运东西方面是冠军，并且擅长穿越沙漠，”该研究的合著者、法国保罗·萨宾大学的进化生物学家卢多维奇·奥兰多告诉该刊物。史前人类驯化驴可能是为了借助它们的能力穿越不断扩张的撒哈拉沙漠。
Researchers say these findings could help put donkeys in the spotlight. The animals could benefit from more research: Currently, there are no published genomes from donkeys located south of the Equator in Africa. But understanding where the animals were first domesticated could guide archaeologists to a narrow region to search for insights about the original tamed donkeys.
研究人员表示，这些发现有助于让驴成为关注的焦点。更多的研究将使这些动物受益：目前，还没有来自赤道以南非洲地区的驴的基因组发表。但是，了解这些动物最初被驯化的地点，可以引导考古学家到一个狭小的区域去寻找关于最初被驯化的驴的见解。
Not only does understanding the equines' genetic makeup help reveal their contribution to human history, but it also might improve their management in the future, as climate change alters the planet's environment, write the authors.
作者写道，了解这些马科动物的基因构成不仅有助于揭示它们对人类历史的贡献，而且随着气候变化改变地球环境，这还可能改善未来对它们的管理。
题目与正确答案（英汉对照）
21、What can be learned about donkeys from paragraph 1? (从第一段可以了解到关于驴的什么信息？)[C] They were tamed at an earlier time than horses. (它们被驯化的时间比马更早。)解析：第一段明确提到驴的驯化发生在约7000年前，比马早了约3000年。
22、What message is conveyed in Brooks' statement? (布鲁克斯的陈述传达了什么信息？)[D] Genetic analysis offers insight into the history of donkeys. (基因分析为了解驴的历史提供了洞察。)解析：布鲁克斯强调DNA序列提供了驴生存环境和经历的生物学证明，说明基因分析有助于了解驴的历史。
23、In their study, the researchers investigated how donkeys? (在他们的研究中，研究人员调查了驴如何？)[A] dispersed widely in the world. (广泛散布于世界各地。)解析：第三段提到，研究人员追踪了驴在大约2500年后如何散布到欧洲和亚洲。
24、As to why the original domestication of donkeys happened, Orlando? (关于驴最初被驯化的原因，奥兰多？)[B] provides a possible explanation. (提供了一个可能的解释。)解析：第四段中，奥兰多基于驴的生理优势和环境背景，推测驯化是为了帮助穿越撒哈拉沙漠，提供了可能性解释。
25、The authors think that their research could help with (作者们认为他们的研究有助于)[B] better management of donkeys. (改善对驴的管理。)解析：第六段明确指出，了解驴的基因构成可能“improve their management”（改善对它们的管理）。
Text 2
原文与译文对照
There's no business like show business—but in Los Angeles, it feels like there's no business at all.
没有哪个行业能像演艺圈一样——但在洛杉矶，感觉仿佛根本没有生意可言。
If that sounds melodramatic, consider this: The Art Directors Guild, a labor union representing about 3,000 film workers, has suspended a training program and issued a statement explaining that "we cannot in good conscience encourage you to pursue this profession" is a reaction to Hollywood's decline, which is reaching a critical point for the industry and Southern California.
如果这听起来有些夸张，请考虑这一点：代表着约3000名电影工人的工会——艺术指导工会，已经暂停了一个培训项目并发表声明解释说，“我们凭良心不能鼓励你追求这个职业”，这是对好莱坞衰落的一种反应，这对该行业和南加州来说正达到一个临界点。
Production has been slipping away from Hollywood since the 1950s, but the effects have never been more apparent than at present. Other regions in the United States, Canada and Europe have steadily increased incentives to attract TV shows and movies, leaving California in the dust. Georgia offers up to 30% in transferable tax credits on film and TV production costs, plus an additional 10% increase on the base tax credit if the project includes a Georgia promotional logo.
自20世纪50年代以来，制作工作就一直在从好莱坞流失，但其影响从未像现在这样明显。美国其他地区、加拿大和欧洲稳步增加了吸引电视节目和电影的激励措施，将加州远远甩在身后。佐治亚州为电影和电视制作成本提供高达30%的可转让税收抵免，如果项目包含佐治亚州的宣传标志，还会在基础税收抵免上额外增加10%。
Even as California lost a huge volume of production to other locations, there was still plenty of film production taking place in Los Angeles before this year. We were kept afloat by "Peak TV", the glut of content that was required by the explosion of streaming services.
尽管加州将大量制作工作输给了其他地方，但在今年之前，洛杉矶仍有大量的电影制作工作。我们靠“Peak TV”维持着，这是流媒体服务的爆炸式增长所需的大量内容。
But 2022 was the peak of peak TV. Back then platforms such as Netflix, Amazon and Apple TV blew billions of dollars to generate content to attract new subscribers, resulting in 633 scripted series being released that year. As the streamers' emphasis changed from subscriber growth to profitability, prices for the services went up and the number of new shows went down to 481 released in 2023, with the number expected to dip into the 300s within a few years.
但2022年是Peak TV的顶峰。那时，Netflix、亚马逊和Apple TV等平台投入了数十亿美元来制作内容以吸引新用户，结果当年发布了633部有剧本的剧集。随着流媒体公司的重点从用户增长转向盈利能力，服务价格上涨，新剧集数量在2023年下降到481部，预计几年内将降至300多部。
If productions in Southern California dip below a critical level for too long, the industry's essential talent will drift away along with enormous sums of revenue. Persuading studios to film here would become much more challenging if we couldn't offer a deep bench of local film workers, on-screen talent and local businesses that support the entertainment industry.
如果南加州的制作量长期低于临界水平，该行业的核心人才将连同巨额收入一起流失。如果我们不能提供深厚的本地电影工作者、银幕人才和支持娱乐业的本地企业储备，说服制片厂来这里拍摄将变得更具挑战性。
That's why the California Film Commission and its Los Angeles counterpart, Film LA, now should act now, before it's too late. These agencies and other government bodies should dramatically improve incentives to keep our current shows and attract new productions to Los Angeles. Let's go on with the show ... and make sure the show doesn't go on without us.
这就是为什么加州电影委员会及其洛杉矶对应机构Film LA现在应该采取行动，趁还来得及。这些机构和其他政府机构应大幅改善激励措施，以保住我们当前的节目并吸引新的制作到洛杉矶来。让我们继续这场演出……并确保演出不会在没有我们的情况下进行。
题目与正确答案（英汉对照）
26、The Art Directors Guild's statement reveals (艺术指导工会的声明揭示了)[D] the gloomy situation of Hollywood. (好莱坞的惨淡局面。)解析：声明是对“Hollywood's decline”（好莱坞衰落）的回应。
27、The example of Georgia is used to illustrate the efforts to (佐治亚州的例子被用来例证……的努力)[A] lure production with tax incentives. (用税收激励政策吸引制作。)解析：例子前一句提到其他地区增加激励措施吸引节目，佐治亚州的具体做法是提供税收抵免。
28、Peak TV passed its peak as (Peak TV过了巅峰期是因为)[B] streamers changed their strategic priorities. (流媒体公司改变了战略重点。)解析：第五段指出，流媒体公司的重点从用户增长转向盈利能力。
29、According to paragraph 6, California's entertainment industry might face (根据第6段，加州的娱乐业可能面临)[C] a brain drain to other places. (人才流失到其他地区。)解析：第6段提到，如果制作量长期低于临界水平，“industry's essential talent will drift away”（行业核心人才将会流失）。
30、The author concludes the text by emphasizing that California should strive to (作者在结尾强调加州应努力)[A] maintain its position in the industry. (维持在行业中的地位。)解析：最后一段呼吁改善激励措施以“keep our current shows and attract new productions”（保住当前节目并吸引新制作），目标是维持产业中心地位。
Text 3
原文与译文对照
The pioneers of wireless saw it as a gift to all the people. Sir John Reith said that it would end "isolation of the spirit" and rejoiced: "It does not matter how many thousand may be listening, there is always enough for others... the genius and the fool, the wealthy and the poor listen simultaneously."
无线的先驱们将其视为给所有人的礼物。约翰·里思爵士说它将终结“精神上的孤立”，并欣喜道：“无论有几千人在听，总有足够的东西给其他人……天才与傻瓜、富人与穷人同时收听。”
Between two great wars this technological innovation built a new kind of national consciousness. Opening this week, a book and exhibition curated by Beatty Rubens at the Bodleian in Oxford records how radio changed everyday life from 1922 to 1939. She draws on letters, diaries and fiction, and a 1939 field notebook of verbatim audience research by Winifred Gill.
在两次世界大战之间，这项技术创新建立了一种新的民族意识。本周开幕的、由比蒂·鲁本斯在牛津大学博德利图书馆策划的一本书和一个展览记录了1922年至1939年间无线电如何改变了日常生活。她利用了信件、日记和小说，以及1939年威妮弗雷德·吉尔所做的逐字记录听众研究的实地笔记。
There's fun in testimonies of people enjoying the sheer newness. A cartoon mocks a group failing to converse because they're all in headphones. People report that broad music made workmen whistle new tunes. A woman says there have been fewer street fights since the arrival of the wireless but also less stopping and "talking on the brush handle".
人们的证词中充满了享受这种全新事物的乐趣。一幅漫画嘲笑了一群人因为都戴着耳机而无法交谈。人们报告说，广播音乐让工人们吹起了新的曲调。一位女士说，无线电出现后，街头斗殴减少了，停下来“闲聊”也少了。
By and large the wireless was welcome. I loved the man from the Thirties research who found that wireless suddenly offered "a lot of variety ... things I thought I'd never be interested in ... ice hockey, perhaps". True: for more than 80 pre-digital years, linear speech broadcasting brought the gift of serendipity, random enlivening of a car journey or dull manual task. In my own book about radio I recorded how, on one drive: "I caught up with the news, learnt some 17th-century history, and was startlingly educated by an unpretentious programme on the history of the stethoscope."
总的来说，无线电是受欢迎的。我喜欢那个来自30年代研究的人，他发现无线电突然提供了“很多各种各样的东西……我以为我永远不会感兴趣的东西……也许是冰球”。确实：在数字时代之前的80多年里，线性语音广播带来了意外发现的礼物，随机地为汽车旅行或枯燥的体力劳动增添活力。在我自己关于无线电的书中，我记录了在一次开车过程中：“我了解了新闻，学到了一些17世纪的历史，并被一个关于听诊器历史的朴实节目意外地教育了。”
But radio's enriching serendipity is ebbing. With multiple networks and countless podcasts, a smartphone user selects what to hear and when. And while it is wonderful to take a walk with anything in your headphones, infinite choice encourages us to shrink into niche interests and sympathetic beliefs.
但是无线电带来的丰富的意外发现正在消退。有了众多的网络和无数的播客，智能手机用户可以选择听什么以及何时听。虽然戴着耳机听着任何东西散步是很棒的，但无限的选择鼓励我们退缩到小众兴趣和同质化的信仰中。
题目与正确答案（英汉对照）
31、What can be learnt about wireless from Reith? (从里思的话中可以了解到无线的什么？)[A] It was accessible to everyone. (它对所有人都是可及的。)解析：里思强调“天才与傻瓜、富人与穷人同时收听”，体现了普及性和可及性。
32、What is the theme of the exhibition at the Bodleian in Oxford? (牛津大学博德利图书馆展览的主题是什么？)[A] The impact of radio on its early audience. (无线电对早期听众的影响。)解析：第二段明确指出，展览记录了1922年至1939年间无线电“how radio changed everyday life”（如何改变了日常生活）。
33、It is indicated in Paragraph 4 that (第四段表明)[C] radio listeners could make unexpected gains. (无线电听众可以获得意想不到的收获。)解析：第四段提到无线电带来了“the gift of serendipity”（意外发现的礼物），与“unexpected gains”构成同义替换。
34、The expression "talking on the brush handle" in Paragraphs 3 and 6 refers to the act of (第3段和第6段中的短语“talking on the brush handle”指的是……的行为)[D] having a casual chat. (闲聊。)解析：上下文提到无线电的出现减少了这种行为，结合漫画中人们因戴耳机“failing to converse”（无法交谈）的语境，可推断指“闲聊”。
35、In the last paragraph, the author intends to express the opinion that (在最后一段，作者意在表达的观点是)[D] people should adopt a sensible attitude to innovations. (人们应该对创新抱有理性的态度。)解析：作者指出虽然选择自由很棒，但无限选择会导致兴趣萎缩，暗示要对技术创新持理性态度，避免沉迷。
Text 4
原文与译文对照
When Tom Swetnam joined the U.S. Forest Service in the 1970s, his mandate was to "put everything out," he recalled. But when Swetnam enrolled in graduate school at the University of Arizona's Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, he was surprised to find a record of repeated blazes dating back hundreds of years before European colonists arrived on the continent. Some of the trees he analyzed bore more than 20 fire scars among their rings.
汤姆·斯韦特南回忆说，当他在20世纪70年代加入美国林务局时，他的任务是把所有的火都扑灭。但当斯韦特南进入亚利桑那大学年轮研究实验室读研究生时，他惊讶地发现了一份记录，显示在欧洲殖民者到达这片大陆之前数百年，就有反复发生的火灾。他分析的一些树木的年轮上带有20多处火烧疤痕。
The fact that fires happened so often meant they couldn't have been severe enough to kill most trees. Instead, a growing body of research showed that frequent, low-severity fires made many ecosystems healthier. They rid the forest of dead and sick trees, reducing competition and curbing the spread of disease. Because flammable material couldn't build up on the landscape, blazes tended to move slowly and peter out when they reached the footprints of previous burns.
火灾发生得如此频繁的事实意味着它们不可能严重到杀死大多数树木。相反，越来越多的研究表明，频繁、低严重度的火灾使许多生态系统更健康。它们清除了森林中的死树和病树，减少了竞争并遏制了疾病的传播。由于可燃物无法在土地上堆积，火势往往移动缓慢，并在到达先前烧过的区域时逐渐熄灭。
In 2022, Swetnam and other scientists teamed up to compile a database of fire-scarred trees from across the continent. Their North American tree-ring fire-scar network (NAFSN) provided the basis for a study published last month. In the study, the researchers compared the historical fire cadence with the wildfires recorded over the past few decades, and uncovered a striking shortfall. The NAFSN sites experienced less than a quarter of the number of fires that would have been expected without fire suppression.
2022年，斯韦特南和其他科学家合作，编制了一个来自整个大陆的火灾疤痕树木数据库。他们的北美年轮火灾疤痕网络（NAFSN）为上月发表的一项研究提供了基础。在这项研究中，研究人员将历史上的火灾频率与过去几十年记录的野火进行了比较，发现了一个惊人的不足。NAFSN地点经历的火灾数量，不到如果没有火灾扑救时预期数量的四分之一。
This deficit is a testament to the effectiveness of modern firefighting, said Kelly Martin, a past president of the International Association of Wildland Fire. "Yet the combined consequences of suppression and climate change have eroded humanity's ability to suppress fires, particularly those that ignite under the most dangerous weather conditions."
国际荒地火灾协会前主席凯利·马丁说，这种不足证明了现代消防的有效性。“然而，火灾扑救和气候变化的共同后果削弱了人类扑灭火灾的能力，尤其是在最危险的天气条件下燃起的火灾。”
To prevent entire ecosystems from going up in smoke, Martin said, people must bring healthy fire back to places that need it. At Yosemite National Park, Martin oversaw the use of what is known as prescribed burns to make the landscape more resilient. These fires were carefully planned and intentionally ignited during periods when weather kept the blazes easy to control, and helped eliminate some of the fuel that had built up around the important park's facilities. Research shows that these prescribed burns make subsequent wildfires less severe, even if later fires happen under the most dangerous weather conditions.
马丁说，为了防止整个生态系统化为灰烬，人们必须将健康的火带回需要它的地方。在约塞米蒂国家公园，马丁监督了使用所谓的计划烧除来使景观更具恢复力。这些火是精心策划的，并在天气使火势易于控制的时期有意点燃，有助于消除公园重要设施周围积累的一些燃料。研究表明，即使后来的火灾发生在最危险的天气条件下，这些计划烧除也能降低随后野火的严重程度。
Yet even as scientists and public officials increasingly agree on the need for more fires in our forests, climate change is making this tactic more challenging, experts said. "It's a double-edged sword because wildfires are getting more severe and larger under climate change and we need this work even more, but then the work gets more challenging," said Susan Prichard, a fire ecologist at the University of Washington.
然而，专家表示，即使科学家和公共官员越来越同意需要在森林中进行更多的火烧，气候变化也使这一策略更具挑战性。“这是一把双刃剑，因为在气候变化下，野火变得更加严重和规模更大，我们更需要这项工作，但这项工作也变得更加具有挑战性，”华盛顿大学的火灾生态学家苏珊·普里查德说。
题目与正确答案（英汉对照）
36、According to Paragraph 1, Swetnam was surprised by (根据第一段，斯韦特南对什么感到惊讶？)[D] the number of wildfires in precolonial times. (前殖民时期的野火数量。)解析：第一段提到他惊讶地发现欧洲殖民者到来之前就有频繁的野火记录，且数量很多。
37、Paragraph 2 mainly focuses on (第二段主要关注)[C] the benefits of low-severity fires. (低严重度火灾的好处。)解析：第二段开头即点明频繁、低严重度的火灾使生态系统更健康，并具体说明了其益处。
38、What did the study find about the wildfires over the past few decades? (关于过去几十年的野火，该研究发现了什么？)[B] Their frequency has markedly decreased. (它们的频率显著下降了。)解析：第三段指出，火灾实际数量不到预期数量的四分之一，即频率显著下降。
39、What can be inferred about modern firefighting? (关于现代消防，可以推断出什么？)[D] It may make severe fires harder to put out. (它可能使严重火灾更难扑灭。)解析：第四段指出，火灾扑救和气候变化的共同后果削弱了人类在危险天气下扑灭火灾的能力。
40、Both Martin and Prichard would agree that (马丁和普里查德都会同意)[C] it is necessary to introduce prescribed burns. (引入计划烧除是必要的。)解析：马丁在第五段明确说必须将健康的火带回需要的地方，普里查德在第六段说“更需要这项工作”，两人都认同计划烧除的必要性。
Part B (新题型：七选五)
题目与正确答案（英汉对照）
Directions: In the following text, some segments have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks.
题目： 下面的文本中，一些段落已被移除。对于问题41-45，从列表A-G中选出最合适的一项填入每个编号的空白处。有两个多余选项。
正确顺序： [F] → 41. [B] → 42. [E] → [H] → 43. [A] → [C] → 44. [G] → 45. [D]
段落译文（按正确顺序排列）
[F] You don't need to get out more. If, like most business people, you spend your life dashing from office to plane, train to home, boardroom to washroom, what you really need to do is stay in more. Sit down - and read a book. (你不需要更多地外出。如果你像大多数商务人士一样，一生都在从办公室冲向飞机、从火车冲向家、从会议室冲向洗手间，那么你真正需要做的是更多地呆在家里。坐下来——读一本书。)
[B] But for the most part, this isn't what the business community does. I have yet to meet a chief executive who reads regularly. Many skip newspapers, and magazines are a stretch. They don't have time, they say. (但在大多数情况下，商界并不是这样做的。我还没有遇到过定期阅读的首席执行官。许多人不看报纸，看杂志更是奢求。他们说他们没有时间。)
[E] We are living through a golden age of science writing. So lucid and accessible that even lay readers can relish the unpredictability of discovery. Daunted by uncertainty? Stand in the shoes of scientists and witness the degree to which breakthroughs emerge from accidents, conflict and sheer mental stamina. (我们正生活在科学写作的黄金时代。如此清晰易懂，即使是外行读者也能欣赏发现带来的不可预测性。被不确定性吓倒了？站在科学家的立场上，见证突破在多大程度上源于意外、冲突和纯粹的精神毅力。)
[H] Read fiction. Any fiction. Free yourself from algorithms and choose anything - you don't need technology for an immersive experience, just surrender to narratives across time and place. (读小说。任何小说。把自己从算法中解放出来，随便选一本——你不需要技术就能获得沉浸式体验，只需沉浸于跨越时空的叙事中。)
[A] And just read a single poem. In his Oxford lectures, Seamus Heaney argued that a poem draws a picture of reality, a "glimpsed alternative" that sets up a contradiction with your own, in ways little and large. (就读一首诗。在他的牛津讲座中，谢默斯·希尼认为，一首诗描绘了一幅现实的图画，一个“瞥见的替代方案”，以或大或小的方式，与你自己产生矛盾。)
[C] Neuroscientists have been at pains to demonstrate that the pleasure a book provides isn't indulgence; it's good for you. Reading will keep you better informed about the world but it can also improve our tech-shattered ability to concentrate. (神经科学家们一直在竭力证明，书籍带来的愉悦并非放纵；它对你是有益的。阅读能让你更好地了解世界，也能提高我们被科技粉碎的专注力。)
[G] Reading has also been found to make us more helpful, to reduce bias, and even to increase longevity - something we will enjoy all the more if we have a good book in our hands. (阅读还被发现能让我们更有爱心，减少偏见，甚至延长寿命——如果我们手中有一本好书，我们会更加享受这一切。)
[D] It is undoubtedly true that all work and no play really does make Jack, or Jill, dull. The cure is right at hand, reading is cheap, easy and, most important, it's fun. Liberate your imagination this year. (毫无疑问，只工作不玩耍真的会使杰克或吉尔变得迟钝。治愈方法就在手边：阅读便宜、容易，最重要的是，它很有趣。今年解放你的想象力吧。)
Part C (翻译)
原文与译文对照
(46) Tracing the history of the term, we can see how the definition of scientific literacy has shifted over time, muddying the waters when it comes to determining the goals of science education.【参考译文】 追溯这一术语的历史，我们可以看到科学素养的定义是如何随着时间的推移而改变的，这使得在确定科学教育的目标时，情况变得模糊不清。
(47) A return to that version of scientific literacy, which focused more on teaching what science is and how it works and less on memorizing scientific facts, seems like something society today desperately needs.【参考译文】 回归到那种更注重教授科学的本质和运行方式、而非死记硬背科学事实的科学素养观，似乎是当今社会所迫切需要的。
(48) Educators advanced the idea of having students complete detailed laboratory exercises in high schools in the belief that such work was beneficial primarily as a way to enhance logical reasoning and observational skills.【参考译文】 教育工作者曾提出一种理念，主张让高中生完成详细的实验操作，他们相信这类工作主要是有益的，能作为一种提升逻辑推理和观察能力的方式。
(49) It wasn't until the phrase "scientific literacy" came along in the 1940s that science had the formidable slogan it needed to command public attention and make improving science education an important national goal.【参考译文】 直到20世纪40年代“科学素养”这一短语出现，科学才获得了它所需要的响亮口号，以此来唤起公众的关注，并将改善科学教育确立为国家的一项重要目标。
(50) The intense focus on scientific literacy in the United States originally grew out of the critical role of science and technology during World War II, as well as the perceived deficiencies of American soldiers.【参考译文】 美国最初对科学素养的高度重视，源于科学技术在第二次世界大战中发挥的关键作用，以及当时人们所认识到的美国士兵（在科学素养上）的不足。
Section III Translation
原文与译文对照
Tracing the history of the term, we can see how the definition of scientific literacy has shifted over time, muddying the waters when it comes to determining the goals of science education. And that's a shame, because there is much to recommend in the idea of scientific literacy as it was originally articulated in 1945, a time when science appeared to be the key to progress and scientists seemingly held the fate of the world in their hands. A return to that version of scientific literacy, which focused more on teaching what science is and how it works and less on memorizing scientific facts, seems like something society today desperately needs.
追溯这一术语的历史，我们可以看到科学素养的定义是如何随着时间的推移而改变的，这使得在确定科学教育的目标时，情况变得模糊不清。这很可惜，因为最初于1945年阐述的科学素养理念有很多值得推荐之处，那时科学似乎是进步的关键，科学家们似乎掌握着世界的命运。回归到那种更注重教授科学的本质和运行方式、而非死记硬背科学事实的科学素养观，似乎是当今社会所迫切需要的。
In the United States, the desire to provide the public with a general, nontechnical education in science originated as far back as the late 1800s. Educators advanced the idea of having students complete detailed laboratory exercises in high schools in the belief that such work was beneficial primarily as a way to enhance logical reasoning and observational skills. The development in 1915 of the popular new subject "general science" was another effort to train students to apply the principles of science to everyday, nonscience problems.
在美国，向公众提供一般的、非技术性的科学教育的愿望早在19世纪末就出现了。教育工作者曾提出一种理念，主张让高中生完成详细的实验操作，他们相信这类工作主要是有益的，能作为一种提升逻辑推理和观察能力的方式。1915年流行的新学科“普通科学”的发展是另一项努力，旨在训练学生将科学原理应用于日常的非科学问题。
Although these efforts were aimed at the nonscience-bound student, they never really made their way into mainstream thought and public discourse as a means to rally widespread support for the importance of science teaching in schools. It wasn't until the phrase "scientific literacy" came along in the 1940s that science had the formidable slogan it needed to command public attention and make improving science education an important national goal.
尽管这些努力针对的是不打算从事科学工作的学生，但它们从未真正进入主流思想和公共讨论，作为一种为学校科学教学的重要性争取广泛支持的手段。直到20世纪40年代“科学素养”这一短语出现，科学才获得了它所需要的响亮口号，以此来唤起公众的关注，并将改善科学教育确立为国家的一项重要目标。
The intense focus on scientific literacy in the United States originally grew out of the critical role of science and technology during World War II, as well as the perceived deficiencies of American soldiers. As the war unfolded, science rapidly assumed a central role. Battles increasingly depended on new military technologies such as radar and the proximity fuze. Science-based analytical approaches proved remarkably successful in the hunt for German submarines in the Atlantic Ocean. And there was the (then-secret) work building the world's first atomic bomb. As a result, scientists - physicists in particular - found themselves in high demand.
美国最初对科学素养的高度重视，源于科学技术在第二次世界大战中发挥的关键作用，以及当时人们所认识到的美国士兵（在科学素养上）的不足。随着战争展开，科学迅速占据了中心角色。战斗越来越依赖于新的军事技术，如雷达和近炸引信。基于科学的分析方法在大西洋猎杀德国潜艇方面被证明非常成功。还有建造世界上第一颗原子弹的（当时秘密的）工作。结果，科学家——尤其是物理学家——发现自己非常抢手。
Section IV Writing
Part A (10 points)
题目要求
Read the following email from your friend Paul and write him a reply.
Hi Li Ming,I was really moved by the Chinese families' handwritten letters you posted yesterday. They are priceless! Could you please tell me a bit more about them? And are they currently on public display somewhere? I'm very keen to see them in person. Thanks.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the email; use "Li Ming" instead. (10 points)
题目要求（译文）
阅读你的朋友保罗写来的以下邮件并给他写一封回复。
嗨，李明：你昨天发布的中国家庭手写信件让我非常感动。它们是无价之宝！你能再给我多讲一些它们的故事吗？它们目前是否在某处公开展出？我非常想亲眼看看它们。谢谢。
你应在答题纸上写大约100词。在邮件中不要使用你自己的名字；用“李明”代替。（10分）
参考答案（英汉对照）
Dear Paul,
I am writing to tell you more about the Chinese families' handwritten letters I posted yesterday and answer your question.
These letters date back to the 1950s to 1990s, carrying heartfelt family messages like greetings between relatives and shared daily stories. Unlike cold digital messages, they embody genuine emotions with unique handwriting. Good news is that they are on display at the Urban Culture Museum this month, and the entry is free.
I'm delighted that you're fascinated by these letters. I sincerely hope you can visit the exhibition and feel the warmth hidden in the lines.
Yours,Li Ming
（译文）
亲爱的保罗：
我写信是想告诉你更多关于我昨天发布的中国家庭手写信件的事情，并回答你的问题。
这些信件可以追溯到20世纪50年代到90年代，承载着发自内心的家庭信息，比如亲人之间的问候和分享的日常故事。与冰冷的数字信息不同，它们用独特的笔迹体现了真挚的情感。好消息是，它们本月在城市文化博物馆展出，并且免费入场。
我很高兴你对这些信件着迷。我真诚地希望你能参观展览，感受字里行间隐藏的温暖。
你的朋友，李明
Part B (20 points)
题目要求
Write an essay based on the charts below. In your essay you should
describe the charts briefly,
interpret the charts, and
give your comments.
Write your answers in 160-200 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
图表内容： 两项关于养老机器人的消费者接受度和首要关注点调查。（饼图：完全接受39.3%，部分接受32.8%，不接受27.9%；柱状图：首要关注点——安全性46.3%，价格24.9%，便利性10.7%）
题目要求（译文）
根据下面的图表写一篇文章。在你的文章中，你应该：
简要描述图表，
解释图表含义，并给出你的评论。
在答题纸上写出160-200词。（20分）
参考答案（英汉对照）
The two charts present a survey on consumers' attitudes toward and key concerns about elderly care robots. The pie chart shows that 39.3% of respondents fully accept these robots, 32.8% partially accept them, and 27.9% reject them. Meanwhile, the bar chart reveals that safety (46.3%) is the top concern for consumers, followed by price (24.9%) and convenience (10.7%).
这两个图表展示了一项关于消费者对养老机器人的接受程度和主要担忧的调查。饼图显示，39.3%的受访者完全接受这些机器人，32.8%部分接受，27.9%拒绝。同时，柱状图显示，安全性（46.3%）是消费者的首要担忧，其次是价格（24.9%）和便利性（10.7%）。
Several factors shape this pattern. First, the growing aging population has made elderly care robots a sought-after solution to care-giving gaps, which explains the majority's acceptance. As for safety being the primary concern: since these robots are meant to assist vulnerable seniors—even handling emergencies like falls—any functional failure could pose direct risks to users' well-being, so consumers naturally prioritize reliability. In contrast, price ranks lower because rising disposable incomes have reduced financial constraints for most households, making affordability a secondary worry compared to the critical issue of safety.
几种因素形成了这种模式。首先，日益增长的老龄化人口使养老机器人成为解决护理缺口的受欢迎方案，这解释了多数人的接受。至于安全性成为首要担忧：由于这些机器人旨在帮助脆弱的老年人——甚至处理摔倒等紧急情况——任何功能故障都可能对用户的福祉构成直接风险，因此消费者自然优先考虑可靠性。相比之下，价格排名较低，因为可支配收入的增加减少了许多家庭的经济限制，使支付能力相比安全这一关键问题成为次要担忧。
Overall, the survey reflects a promising market with practical priorities. Prioritizing safety improvements will further boost the adoption of elderly care robots.
总体而言，这项调查反映了一个具有实际优先事项的有前景的市场。优先考虑安全性改进将进一步促进养老机器人的应用。
