5.1 考研英语阅读题源外刊模拟试题【难度6.5】人工智能诊断

Section II Reading Comprehension 

Part A 

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. 

Text 2

An artificial intelligence system can spot pancreatic cancer long before it shows up on scans, raising the prospect of catching one of the deadliest tumors early enough to successfully treat, a study found.

The model, developed by researchers at the Mayo Clinic and collaborators, identified subtle changes in routine CT scans an average of about 475 days before patients were diagnosed, according to the study, published Tuesday in the journal Gut.

Pancreatic cancer is rarely detected early because tumors typically don’t cause symptoms and often aren’t visible on imaging until the disease is advanced. More than 85% of cases are found at a stage where treatment is largely limited to easing symptoms, helping explain why five-year survival is about 10% globally.

The findings point to a potential shift in how pancreatic cancer is diagnosed — from reacting to symptoms late in the disease to identifying patients at risk years earlier.

“This temporal window holds profound significance, as attaining such early detection would substantially augment the probability of cure and improved survival,” the researchers wrote.

If confirmed in real-world screening, such tools could help move more cases into a window where surgery or other treatments are possible, which modeling studies suggest could significantly improve survival.

“Modelling studies indicate that increasing the proportion of localized[pancreatic ductal carcinomas] from 10% to 50% would more than double survival rates, thereby underscoring that the timing of diagnosis is the single most critical determinant of survival outcomes,” they said.

The system, called Redmod, analyzes patterns in CT images that aren’t visible to the human eye. It was trained and tested on scans from more than 1,400 people, including 219 patients whose earlier scans had been read as normal but who later developed pancreatic cancer.

In a head-to-head comparison, the AI was markedly better than radiologists at picking up these early signs. It correctly identified 73% of cases, compared with about 39% for doctors reviewing the same images. The advantage widened for scans taken more than two years before diagnosis, where the system detected 68% of cases versus 23% for radiologists.

The model also performed consistently across different hospitals and scanners, and correctly classified more than 80% of scans from people who didn’t develop cancer.

The tool could eventually be used to flag high-risk patients — such as older adults with unexplained weight loss and new-onset diabetes — for closer follow-up, the researchers said, but it needs prospective testing to confirm it improves outcomes before routine use.

26. According to Paragraph 3, pancreatic cancer is rarely diagnosed at an early stage primarily because ________.[A] its early manifestations are easily confused with minor illnesses[B] it progresses so rapidly that conventional therapies are ineffective[C] its initial signs are physically unnoticeable and visually hidden[D] it predominantly affects patients who fail to undergo routine CT scans

27. What does the phrase "This temporal window" (Paragraph 5) refer to?[A] The optimal duration required to train the AI diagnostic model.[B] The time span gained for potential early medical intervention.[C] The critical period when the tumor begins to spread rapidly.[D] The specific timeframe needed for patients to recover from surgery.

28. The head-to-head comparison reveals that the Redmod system ________.[A] accurately identified all the 219 patients who later developed the disease[B] struggled to maintain its accuracy when deployed across various hospitals[C] relied heavily on radiologists to verify its preliminary screening results[D] demonstrated a more pronounced edge in earlier detection scenarios

29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the widespread routine use of Redmod ________.

[A] hinges on further testing to verify its practical clinical efficacy[B] is currently hindered by the prohibitive costs of AI technology[C] guarantees a significant reduction in global cancer mortality rates[D] will soon eliminate the need for human doctors in regular screenings

30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A] Why Pancreatic Cancer Remains a Global Threat[B] Mayo Clinic: The Pioneer in Modern Medical Innovation[C] CT Scans: The Ultimate Solution to Deadly Tumors[D] AI System Shows Promise in Catching Pancreatic Cancer Early

附注：根据历年考研英语真题阅读题源外刊等，摘选最新文章，模拟仿真出题。

参考答案见以下。

Quick look: CBDAD

26.【正确答案】C【解析】题型：因果细节题定位： 第三段第一句“Pancreatic cancer is rarely detected early because tumors typically don’t cause symptoms and often aren’t visible on imaging until the disease is advanced.”（胰腺癌很少在早期被发现，因为肿瘤通常不会引起症状，并且在疾病晚期之前通常在影像学上不可见。）分析： 原文明确指出了胰腺癌难以早筛的两个原因：一是“不引起症状（don’t cause symptoms）”，二是“在影像上不可见（aren’t visible on imaging）”。选项 C“其最初的迹象在身体上难以察觉，在视觉上也是隐藏的”是对这两个原因的完美同义替换。干扰项：[A] 其早期表现容易与轻微疾病混淆，原文是“没有症状”，而非“混淆”；[B] 它进展如此之快以至于传统疗法无效，原文提到晚期治疗主要限于缓解症状，并未说进展快；[D] 它主要影响未能进行常规CT扫描的患者，属于无中生有。

27.【正确答案】B【解析】题型：词义推断题定位： 第四段与第五段。“...from reacting to symptoms late in the disease to identifying patients at risk years earlier. ‘This temporal window holds profound significance...’”分析： “This temporal window（这个时间窗口）”指代的是前一段提到的“提前数年（years earlier）识别出高危患者”所争取到的时间。研究人员指出，这个时间窗口意义重大，因为它“增加了治愈的可能性（augment the probability of cure）”。因此，它指的是为早期干预争取到的宝贵时间。选项 B“为潜在的早期医疗干预争取到的时间跨度”符合语境。干扰项：[A] 训练AI诊断模型所需的最佳时间，与疾病治疗语境无关；[C] 肿瘤开始迅速扩散的关键时期，这是需要避免的，而不是具有积极意义的时间窗口；[D] 患者从手术中恢复所需的具体时间框架，偏离主题。

28.【正确答案】D【解析】题型：事实细节题定位： 第九段最后一句“The advantage widened for scans taken more than two years before diagnosis, where the system detected 68% of cases versus 23% for radiologists.”分析： 原文指出，在比较中，对于确诊前两年多拍摄的扫描，AI的“优势扩大了（advantage widened）”：系统检测出68%，而放射科医生仅为23%。这表明在更早期的检测中，AI相对于人类医生的领先优势更加明显。选项 D“在更早的检测场景中展示出了更显著的优势”是对原文的精准概括。干扰项：[A] 准确识别了所有后来患病的219名患者，原文说识别率是73%和68%，并非“所有（all）”；[B] 在各家医院部署时难以保持准确性，与第十段首句“在不同医院和扫描仪上表现一致（performed consistently）”相反；[C] 严重依赖放射科医生来验证其初步筛查结果，原文是将两者进行对抗比较（head-to-head comparison），而非依赖。

29.【正确答案】A【解析】题型：推理判断题定位： 第十一段（最后一段）最后一句“...but it needs prospective testing to confirm it improves outcomes before routine use.”分析： 作者在最后指出，该工具最终可用于标记高风险患者，但在“常规使用之前（before routine use）”，它“需要前瞻性测试来确认其能改善结果（needs prospective testing to confirm it improves outcomes）”。由此可以推断，其广泛的常规使用取决于未来的测试验证。选项 A“取决于进一步测试以验证其实际临床疗效”准确传达了这一条件。干扰项：[B] 目前受到AI技术高昂成本的阻碍，文中未提及成本问题；[C] 保证全球癌症死亡率的显著降低，科学文章中极少出现“保证（guarantees）”这种绝对化表达，原文只说“有望（raise the prospect）”；[D] 将很快消除常规筛查中对人类医生的需求，文中并未表示AI将取代医生，只是说AI表现更好，可用于“标记高风险患者以进行密切跟进”。

30.【正确答案】D【解析】题型：主旨大意题定位： 全文逻辑结构及第一段核心句。分析： 文章开篇即点明主旨：“一项研究发现，一种人工智能系统能在胰腺癌出现在扫描上很久之前就发现它，这增加了一个早期发现最致命肿瘤之一的希望。”后续段落分别介绍了该模型（Redmod）的训练数据、对比放射科医生的出色表现，以及其未来的临床应用前景。全文紧紧围绕“AI早期检测胰腺癌”展开。选项 D“人工智能系统在早期发现胰腺癌方面展现出前景”最精准地概括了全文主旨。干扰项：[A] 为什么胰腺癌仍然是一个全球威胁，文章重点在于AI带来了新希望，而非强调威胁；[B] 梅奥诊所：现代医疗创新的先驱，梅奥诊所只是研发该AI的机构之一，并非全文论述的核心；[C] CT扫描：致命肿瘤的最终解决方案，原文强调的是AI系统对CT扫描的“分析能力”，而非CT扫描本身是最终解决方案。

【词汇注释】

【参考译文】

一项研究发现，一种人工智能系统能在胰腺癌出现在扫描上很久之前就发现它，这增加了一个在早期足以成功治疗这种最致命肿瘤之一的希望。

根据周二发表在《胃肠病学》（Gut）杂志上的这项研究，由梅奥诊所的研究人员及其合作者开发的这个模型，在患者被确诊前平均约475天就在常规CT扫描中识别出了细微的变化。

胰腺癌很少在早期被发现，因为肿瘤通常不会引起症状，并且在疾病晚期之前通常在影像学上不可见。超过85%的病例被发现时，治疗很大程度上已局限于缓解症状，这有助于解释为什么全球五年生存率仅约为10%。

这些发现预示着胰腺癌的诊断方式可能发生转变——从在疾病晚期对症状做出反应，转向提前数年识别出高风险患者。

研究人员写道：“这个时间窗口具有深远的意义，因为实现如此早期的检测将大幅增加治愈的概率并提高生存率。”

如果在真实世界的筛查中得到证实，此类工具可以帮助将更多病例转移到一个可以进行手术或其他治疗的窗口期，模型研究表明这可以显著提高生存率。

他们表示：“模型研究表明，将局部（胰腺导管腺癌）的比例从10%提高到50%将使生存率翻一番以上，这凸显了诊断的时机是决定生存结果的最关键的单一决定因素。”

这个名为 Redmod 的系统，能分析CT图像中人类肉眼不可见的模式。它在超过1400人的扫描数据上进行了训练和测试，其中包括219名患者，他们早期的扫描曾被（医生）解读为正常，但后来都患上了胰腺癌。

在一项直接的对抗比较中，该AI在捕捉这些早期迹象方面明显优于放射科医生。它正确识别了73%的病例，而查看相同图像的医生仅识别出了约39%。对于确诊前两年多拍摄的扫描，AI的优势进一步扩大，系统检测出了68%的病例，而放射科医生仅为23%。

该模型在不同的医院和扫描仪上也表现一致，并正确分类了超过80%的未患癌人群的扫描。

研究人员表示，该工具最终可能被用于标记高风险患者——比如出现不明原因体重减轻和新发糖尿病的老年人——以进行更密切的跟进。但在其投入常规使用之前，仍需要进行前瞻性测试以确认它能改善预后。

附注：