2020-2-ReadingPartA-T3-6-1
文章主题：《不可将治理有毒空气交由欧洲各城市来解决》
Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas — city centres, “school streets”, even individual roads — are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance.
词汇：
1.restriction n.限制
2.keep sb| sth out of 使某人或某物置身于...之外
3.certain adj.确定的、特定的
4.individual adj.个别的、单独的
5.response n.反应、响应
6.absence n.缺乏
7.enforce v.强制执行、实施（法律、规则等）
8.existing adj.现行的、现存的、现有的
9.regulation n.（官方制定的）规定、规则、条例
10.auto n.汽车
11.compliance n.合规
【Step 1】找谓语
Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas — city centres, “school streets”, even individual roads — are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance.
·动词 keep 时态：一般现在时
·动词 are 时态：一般现在时
【Step 2】断句
Restrictions [that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas — city centres, “school streets”, even individual roads] — are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance.解析：本句包含一个从句：that引导的定语从句。
that引导的定从句：
Restrictions [that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas — city centres, “school streets”, even individual roads]判断方法：1.位置：在名词|代词后；2.结构：从句不完整<从句谓语动词keep缺主语，即that指代restrictions在从句中作keep的主语。
重点成分标注：
主语：在句首|谓语前
宾语：在动词|介词后
表语：在系动词后
主语：蓝色；谓语：红色；表语：绿色；宾语：紫色；宾补：深蓝
主句
Restrictions [...] are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance.其中，
1.to the absence of a larger effort_介宾结构作后置定语修饰名词response【判断方法：1.位置：在名词|代词后；2.代入翻译通顺即可，即译为“...的” <针对缺乏更大努力的反应>】
2.to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance_非谓语短语作目的状语【判断方法：1.位置：1）在句首：状语，完整句；2）在句尾：完整句状语；3）在主谓之间：主语，状语，谓语...】；2.功能：表示“作出反应”的目的】
that引导的定从句：
[that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas — city centres, “school streets”, even individual roads]1.city centres, “school streets”, even individual roads_插入语，表示对certain areas进行的解释补充说明。【Step 3】翻译
Restrictions [that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas — city centres, “school streets”, even individual roads] — are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance.主句
Restrictions [...] are a response to the absence of a larger effort\\ to properly enforce existing regulations\\ and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance.注：本句较长，注意断句。翻译：限制是针对缺乏更大努力的反应，从而适当地执行现有规章，要求汽车企业把他们的汽车带入合规中。
改译：出台此类限制措施是因为缺乏更大规模的行动，从而严格执行现有法规，并要求汽车公司生产合规机动车。that引导的定从句：
restrictions [that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas — city centres, “school streets”, even individual roads]翻译：这类限制措施把高污染汽车置于特定区域之外——城市中心、“学校街道”、甚至个别道路。
改译：这类限制措施禁止高污染汽车进入特定区域——如市中心、“学区街道”、甚至个别特殊道路。
翻译解释：定语从句词数超过8个词，采取后置译法，即单独成句+重复先行词。
【Step 4】整合译文
这类限制措施禁止高污染汽车进入特定区域——如市中心、“学区街道”、甚至个别特殊道路。出台此类限制措施是因为缺乏更大规模的行动，从而严格执行现有法规，并要求汽车公司生产合规机动车。
【Step 5】润色译文
Restrictions [that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas — city centres, “school streets”, even individual roads] — are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance.出台此类限制措施（其目的旨在禁止高污染汽车进入特定区域——如市中心、“学区街道”、甚至个别特殊道路）是因为缺乏更大规模的行动，从而严格执行现有法规，并要求汽车公司生产合规机动车。
翻译解释：为尽量保持原语序，将定语从句以插入语的形式保留在原位。1.restriction n.限制
2.keep sb| sth out of 使某人或某物置身于...之外
3.certain adj.确定的、特定的
4.individual adj.个别的、单独的
5.response n.反应、响应
6.absence n.缺乏
7.enforce v.强制执行、实施（法律、规则等）
8.existing adj.现行的、现存的、现有的
9.regulation n.（官方制定的）规定、规则、条例
10.auto n.汽车
11.compliance n.合规
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