2019-2-ReadingPartA-T4-4-1
文章主题：《塑料之战需由政府领头》
While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we're ignoring the balance of power that implies that as “consumers” we must shop sustainably, rather than as “citizens” hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.
词汇：
1.shopping bag n.购物袋
2.straw n.吸管
3.center on v.以...为中心、重点在于...
4.imply v.暗示、说明
5.sustainably adv.可持续地
6.hold sb to account v.追究...的责任
7.push for sth v.努力争取...、一再要求...
【Step 1】找谓语
While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we're ignoring the balance of power that implies that as “consumers” we must shop sustainably, rather than as “citizens” hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.
·动词短语 remains centered on 语态：被动语态+时态：一般现在时
·动词 are ignoring 时态：现在进行时
·动词 implies 时态：一般现在时
·动词 must shop 情态
·动词 hold 时态：一般现在时
【Step 2】断句
[While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws], we're ignoring the balance of power [that implies <that as “consumers” we must shop sustainably, rather than as “citizens” hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change>].
解析：本句包含3个从句：1.while引导的时间状语从句；2.that引导的定语从句；3.that引导的宾语从句。
while引导的时间状语从句：
[While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws], we're ignoring the balance of power...
判断方法：1.位置：1）在句首：状语，完整句；2）在句尾：完整句状语；3.在主谓之间：主语，状语，谓语...；2.功能：表示主句谓语动词发生的时间<大致译为：当...谈话围绕购物袋和吸管展开时，我们会忽视力量的平衡>。
that引导的定语从句：
...we're ignoring the balance of power [that implies <...>]
判断方法：1.位置：在名词|代词后；2.结构：从句不完整<从句谓语动词implies缺主语，即that指代名词power在从句中作主语>。
that引导的宾语从句：
...implies<that as “consumers” we must shop sustainably, rather than as “citizens” hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change>]
判断方法：1.位置：在动词|介词后。
重点成分标注：
主语：在句首|谓语前
宾语：在动词|介词后
表语：在系动词后
主语：蓝色；谓语：红色；表语：绿色；宾语：紫色；宾补：深蓝
主句：
..., we're ignoring the balance of power...
其中，
1.of power_介宾结构作后置定语修饰名词the balance。
while引导的时间状语从句：
[While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws],...
其中，
1.around our environment and our responsibility toward it_介宾结构作后置定语修饰名词the conversation【判断方法：1.位置：在名词|代词后；2.代入翻译通顺即可，即译为“...的” <围绕我们的环境以及我们对它的责任的谈话>】
2.toward it_介宾结构作后置定语修饰名词responsibility【判断方法：1.位置：在名词|代词后；2.代入翻译通顺即可，即译为“...的” <对它的责任>】
that引导的定语从句：
...power [that implies <...>]
that引导的宾语从句：
...<that as “consumers” we must shop sustainably, rather than as “citizens” (we) hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change>]
其中，
1.本句是由rather than连接的2个并列句，并出现了并列的省略现象<在并列结构中常省略相同成分或相同内容，以A rather than B为例，B往往省略与A相同的成分或内容>，在本句中B相对于A省略了主语we，因此将其补全即可！
2.as “consumers”和as “citizens”_介宾结构作方式状语，表示以...方式去做一件事【判断方法：1.位置：1）在句首：状语，完整句；2）在句尾：完整句状语；3.在主谓之间：主语，状语，谓语...；2.功能：表示以消费者身份购物，而不是以市民身份追责】
3.to push for real systemic change_非谓语短语作目的状语【判断方法：1.位置：1）在句首：状语，完整句；2）在句尾：完整句状语；3.在主谓之间：主语，状语，谓语...；2.功能：表示主句谓语动词动作<hold sb to account向某人追责>发生的目的<大致译为：即追责的目的是努力争取真正的系统性变革>】
【Step 3】翻译
[While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws], we're ignoring the balance of power [that implies <that as “consumers” we must shop sustainably, rather than as “citizens” hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change>].
本句较长，注意断句。
while引导的时间状语从句：
[While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws],...
先译主干：当谈话保持以购物袋和吸管为中心时，
添加修饰：当围绕我们的环境和我们对它的责任的谈话保持以购物袋和吸管为中心时，
主句：
..., we're ignoring the balance of power [that implies <...>]
翻译：我们忽视了力量的平衡，这种力量暗示...
翻译解释：定语从句词数超过8个词，通常采取后置译法，即单独成句+重复先行词。
that引导的宾语从句：
...<that as “consumers”\\we must shop sustainably, \\rather than as “citizens”\\ (we) hold our governments and industries to account \\to push for real systemic change>]
翻译：作为“消费者”，我们必须可持续性地购物，而不是作为“市民”，向我们的政府和产业进行追责，以努力争取真正的系统性变革。
【Step 4】整合译文
当围绕我们的环境和我们对它的责任的谈话保持以购物袋和吸管为中心时，我们忽视了力量的平衡，这种力量暗示，作为“消费者”，我们必须可持续性地购物，而不是作为“市民”，向我们的政府和产业进行追责，以努力争取真正的系统性变革。
【Step 5】润色译文
[While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws], we're ignoring the balance of power [that implies <that as “consumers” we must shop sustainably, rather than as “citizens” hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change>].
当围绕“我们的环境及我们对它的责任”这一讨论仍然聚焦于购物袋和吸管时，我们忽视了对一种力量的制衡，这股力量暗示，作为“消费者”我们必须可持续地消费，而不是以“公民”身份去追究政府和产业的责任，以推动真正的系统性变革。
1.center on v.以...为中心、重点在于...
2.imply v.暗示、说明
3.sustainably adv.可持续地
4.hold sb to account v.追究...的责任
5.push for sth v.努力争取...、一再要求...
1.shopping bag n.购物袋
2.straw n.吸管
3.systemic change n.系统性变革
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