2026年高考英语 全国II卷 完整试卷+答案解析

第一段：But that's not the thing he prides himself on. "I am the last original client of Frank Lloyd Wright, still living in the home he designed for me," Reisley said...

我是弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特最后一位仍然住在他为我设计的房子里的原始客户。

prides himself on引以为傲说明他对自己是赖特的客户、仍住在他设计的房子里这件事感到自豪。

A. Honored感到荣幸：与prides himself on表达的自豪、受宠若惊的态度完全一致，正确。

B. Amused觉得好笑：原文无任何幽默相关描述，排除，注意与amazed感到惊讶的区分。

C. Stressed感到压力：无压力相关线索，排除。

D. Inspired备受鼓舞：原文未提到受赖特设计鼓舞，仅表达对赖特为自己设计房子这件事的自豪，排除。

第 25 题｜答案：D

考点：细节理解题（因果关系定位）

题干：What made Reisley finally decide to settle down in Usonia?

第三段：On their first trip out, they were greeted with such enthusiasm from the 10 families who'd already established homes there that they decided to join.

他们第一次去乌索尼娅时，were greeted with such enthusiasm from the 10 families ... that they decided to join.10户家庭的热烈欢迎让他们决定加入。因此是居民的温暖热情促使他们定居。

核心线索：such enthusiasm from the 10 families（居民们的热情）是他们决定定居的直接原因。

A. Its natural environment（自然环境）：原文未提及自然环境是决定因素，排除。

B. Its large-sized houses（大房子）：无房屋大小相关描述，排除。

C. The convenience of its location（便利的地理位置）：仅提到距离曼哈顿 30 英里，未说便利是定居原因，排除。

D. The warmth of its residents（居民的热情）：与原文enthusiasm from the 10 families直接对应，正确。

题干：What can we learn about Reisley's house?

第 26 题｜答案：B

考点：细节理解题（信息比对+排除干扰）

第四段：It is made with local materials, has a flat roof, wood paneling, concrete floors and custom-made furniture.

核心线索：made with local materials（使用本地材料）、flat roof（平顶）。

时间线索：1951 年入住，他 1951 年 26 岁，2026 年 101 岁，房子建造时间晚于他出生年份，因此房子比他年轻。

A. It is older than its owner（比主人年纪大）：错误，房子建于1951年，雷斯利26岁时，现在他101岁，房子73年历史，显然比主人年轻，主人出生于1923年左右，实际计算：101岁在2024年，则生于1923年，房子1951年建成，房子比主人年轻28岁。

B. It uses local materials（使用本地材料建造）：与原文直接对应，正确。

C. It has a pointed roof（是尖顶设计）：原文明确说flat roof（平顶），与原文相悖，排除。

D. It is put up for sale（正在出售）：无出售相关描述，排除。

答案：B

第 27 题｜答案：A

考点：推理判断题（段落主旨推断）

题干：What can be inferred about Reisley from the last paragraph?

第四段：Reisley said he's tried his best to be a good steward not just of the Wright creation he lives in, but all others as well. He co-founded the Frank Lloyd Wright Building Conservancy, an organization engaged in the preservation of all of Wright's remaining buildings.

最后一段提到雷斯利不仅爱护自己住的赖特建筑，还联合创立保护赖特所有建筑的组织，致力于保存赖特作品。这强烈表明他对赖特的建筑非常依恋/有感情。

核心线索：他不仅守护自己的房子，还联合创立组织保护所有赖特的建筑，说明他对赖特的建筑有深厚的感情。

A. He is very attached to Wright buildings（他对赖特的建筑有很深的感情）：与原文守护建筑、创立保护组织的行为对应，正确。

B. He is devoted to health education（他致力于健康教育）：原文说他对房子的热爱让他健康，不是健康教育，偷换概念，排除。

C. He is an expert in home decoration（他是家居装饰专家）：仅提到房子有定制家具，未说他是装饰专家，排除。

D. He is passionate about tourism（他对旅游充满热情）：他开放房子供访客参观，但不等于热爱旅游，排除。

阅读理解 C 篇

原文

The peak of Mount Qomolangma, 8,849 meters above sea level. Chimborazo, 6,263 m; Mont Blanc,4,806 m; Pradidalihut, at the foot of the Pala group in the Dolomites,2,278 m. It is common practice to provide the elevation(高度) of a place. Simple readings are now readily available on our phones and wearables. But elevation is necessarily relative: only the choice of a reference point allows us to express numerically the height of an object or a location.

The idea of sea level as a reference point for elevations has by now been around for so long as to go essentially unnoticed—we mention it without even considering what it means. That the concept has a history is easily ignored. We tend to forget that sea level is a product of technically and culturally determined assumptions. In this book I tell a story of these assumptions.

Appropriately, the book took shape during a summer spent between sea and mountains. A month after visiting the French Riviera and enjoying the sandy beaches of Nice and Menton, I went hiking with friends in the Pala group. Resting on a pass near the Pradidalihut, we began discussing the readings offered by our altimeters (测高仪). Why did they vary ever so slightly from one instrument to the next? This sense of uncertainty led me to think about the meaning of zero. This is how I began my search for the conceptual history of sea level.

In this book I examine three crucial stages in the history of mean sea level. These stages mirror the development of human conceptions of the sea. Since I began thinking about this project in August 2011, the issue of sea-level rise and the need to place it historically have only become more urgent: between then and the end of 2022 the global sea rose by almost 5 centimeters, about half of the overall rise recorded by satellites since 1993.

28.What does the author point out at the beginning of the text?

A. Some mountains are getting higher.

B. Data on wearables are misleading.

C. The concept of elevation is relative.

D. The reference point is hard to locate.

29.What is paragraph 3 mainly about?

A. How the altimeter was invented.

B. What initiated the author's research.

C. Why the digital readings varied.

D. Where the author spent his holiday.

30.What does the underlined word "it" refer to in the last paragraph?

A. The book.

B. The project.

C. The issue.D. The development.

31.What can be the title of the book mentioned in the text?

A. The Altimeter: A Must-Have

B. Sea Level: A History

C. Meaning of Zero: Nothing or Everything

D. Mountains to Seas: Ups and Downs

题目解析

第 28 题｜答案：C

考点：细节理解题（段落主旨句定位）

题干：What does the author point out at the beginning of the text?

原文定位：第一段末尾：But elevation is necessarily relative: only the choice of a reference point allows us to express numerically the height of an object or a location.

解析：第一段末尾明确说:但高度必然是相对的：只有选择参照点才能用数字表达高度。这正是作者指出的核心观点。

核心线索：作者在列举山峰高度后，用But转折，点明 “海拔必然是相对的” 这一核心观点。

A. 一些山峰的高度正在变高：原文仅列举了固定海拔数据，未提及山峰高度变化，无中生有，排除。

B. 可穿戴设备上的数据具有误导性：原文提到手机和可穿戴设备能轻松获取读数，但未说数据误导人，曲解文意，排除。

C. 海拔的概念是相对的：与原文elevation is necessarily relative完全对应，是作者在开头明确指出的观点，正确。

D. 参考点很难确定：原文说 “需要选择参考点”，并未说参考点 “很难确定”，偷换概念，排除。

题干：What is paragraph 3 mainly about?

第 29 题｜答案：B

考点：段落主旨题（段落结构与核心目的）

原文定位：第三段末尾：This sense of uncertainty led me to think about the meaning of zero. This is how I began my search for the conceptual history of sea level.

解析：第三段讲述作者在徒步时与朋友讨论测高仪读数差异，由此产生对“零”的思考，并开始寻找海平面的概念史。整段核心是:This is how I began my search for the conceptual history of sea level.即是什么引发了作者的研究。

核心线索：作者讲述了徒步时测高仪读数有差异的经历，这种不确定感促使他开始研究海平面的概念史，即本段的核心是“作者研究的起源”。

A. 测高仪是如何被发明的：原文仅提到使用测高仪，未提及其发明过程，排除。

B. 是什么促成了作者的研究：与原文中 “不确定感促使我开始研究” 的核心内容一致，正确。

C. 为什么数字读数会有差异：原文只是用读数差异引出思考，并未解释差异的原因，排除。

D. 作者在哪里度过了他的假期：这只是背景信息，不是段落主旨，排除。

答案：B

第 30 题｜答案：C

考点：代词指代题（上下文语境定位）

题干：What does the underlined word "it" refer to in the last paragraph?

原文定位：最后一段：Since I began thinking about this project in August 2011, the issue of sea-level rise and the need to place it historically have only become more urgent...

解析：最后一段原文中it向前指代最近的单数名词，the issue of sea-level rise。注意the need to place it historically中的“it”就是指代“the issue”海平面上升问题。因此选C。

核心线索：代词it指代的是前文提到的the issue of sea-level rise海平面上升问题，即从历史维度来认识海平面上升问题。

A. 这本书：前文未提及 “书” 与 “place it historically” 的搭配逻辑，排除。

B. 这个项目：项目是作者的研究计划，不是 “需要从历史维度定位” 的对象，排除。

C. 海平面上升问题：与原文the issue of sea-level rise直接对应，正确。

D. （人类对海洋认知的）发展：前文提到的 “stages mirror the development” 是背景信息，不是it的指代对象，排除。

题干：What can be the title of the book mentioned in the text?

第 31 题｜答案：B

考点：主旨大意题（全文主题与核心对象）

第二段：In this book I tell a story of these assumptions.讲述海平面作为参考点的假设背后的故事

第三段：This is how I began my search for the conceptual history of sea level.开启对海平面概念史的研究

第四段：In this book I examine three crucial stages in the history of mean sea level.探讨平均海平面历史的三个关键阶段

解析：全文核心是作者研究海平面作为参照点的历史。第二段末尾In this book I tell a story of these assumptions，第三段末尾search for the conceptual history of sea level，第四段examine three crucial stages in the history of mean sea level。因此书名应与“海平面历史”相关。

核心线索：全文围绕“海平面的历史 / 概念史” 展开，这是书中的核心主题。

A. 《测高仪：必备工具》：测高仪只是引出话题的工具，不是书的主题，排除。

B. 《海平面：一段历史》：与全文核心 “海平面的概念史 / 历史阶段” 完全契合，正确。

C. 《零点的意义：虚无抑或万物》：“零点” 只是作者思考的起点，不是书的核心主题，排除。

D. 《从高山到海洋：起起落落》：高山只是背景，书的主题不是 “从山到海” 的变化，排除。

答案：B

全文翻译

珠穆朗玛峰峰顶，海拔8849米。钦博拉索山，6263米；勃朗峰，4806米；多洛米蒂山帕拉群峰脚下的普拉迪达利小屋，2278米。提供地点的高度是一种常见做法。如今，简单的读数在手机和可穿戴设备上随时可得。但高度必然是相对的：只有选择一个参照点，我们才能用数字表达一个物体或地点的垂直高度。

将海平面作为高程参照点的想法已经存在了很长时间，以至于基本上被忽略了——我们提及它时甚至不考虑它意味着什么。这个概念有其历史，这一点很容易被遗忘。我们往往忘记，海平面是技术和文化决定的假设的产物。在这本书中，我讲述了这些假设的故事。

恰如其分地，这本书是在一个夏天在海与山之间度过的过程中成形的。在游览了法国里维埃拉并享受了尼斯和芒通的沙滩一个月后，我和朋友们去帕拉群峰徒步。在普拉达迪利小屋附近的一个山隘休息时，我们开始讨论测高仪给出的读数。为什么不同仪器之间的读数会有微小的差异？这种不确定性感让我思考“零”的含义。就这样，我开始寻找海平面的概念史。

在这本书中，我考察了平均海平面历史上的三个关键阶段。这些阶段反映了人类对海洋观念的发展。自从我在2011年8月开始思考这个项目以来，海平面上升问题及其历史定位的必要性变得越来越紧迫：从那时到2022年底，全球海平面上升了近5厘米，大约占自1993年以来卫星记录的总上升量的一半。

30. 最后一段中划线词“it”指代什么？

核心词汇

peak/piːk/n.山峰；顶点；顶峰

elevation/ˌelɪˈveɪʃn/n.海拔；高度；提升

sea level/siː ˈlevl/n. 海平面

numerically/njuːˈmerɪkli/adv. 用数字表示地；数值上

conception/kənˈsepʃn/n. 概念；观念；构想

assumption/əˈsʌmpʃn/n. 假设；假定；设想

动词：assume

appropriately/əˈprəʊpriətli/adv. 恰当地；合适地

take shape 成型；形成；初具规模

hiking/ˈhaɪkɪŋ/n. 徒步旅行；远足

altimeter/ˈæltɪmiːtə(r)/n. 测高仪；高度计

vary/ˈveəri/v. 变化；不同；改变

搭配：vary from...to... 从…… 到…… 不等

uncertainty/ʌnˈsɜːtnti/n. 不确定性；不确定感

形容词：uncertain

conceptual/kənˈseptʃuəl/adj. 概念上的；观念的

crucial/ˈkruːʃl/adj. 关键的；至关重要的

常考搭配：crucial stages 关键阶段

mirror/ˈmɪrə(r)/v.反映；映照 n.镜子（熟词僻义，此处为动词）

issue/ˈɪʃuː/n. 问题；议题；发行 v. 发行；发布

urgent/ˈɜːdʒənt/adj. 紧急的；紧迫的

名词：urgency

satellite/ˈsætəlaɪt/n.卫星；人造卫星

record/rɪˈkɔːd/v. 记录；记载 / ˈrekɔːd/n. 记录；唱片

高频短语

above sea level 海拔；高于海平面

common practice 常见做法；惯例

readily available 容易获得；随时可用

be relative 是相对的（常考搭配）

reference point 参考点；基准点

for so long as to go unnoticed 沿用太久以至于被忽视（高考长难句常见结构）

tend to forget 往往会忘记；倾向于忘记

take shape 成型；形成

discuss the readings 讨论读数 / 测量数据

vary ever so slightly 有细微差异

lead sb. to think about 促使某人思考

search for 研究；探索；寻找

three crucial stages 三个关键阶段

become more urgent 变得愈发紧迫

place sth. historically 从历史维度认识 / 定位某事

长难句解析

1.But elevation is necessarily relative: only the choice of a reference point allows us to express numerically the height of an object or a location.

结构分析：冒号后为解释说明句，主干是only the choice...allows us to do sth.，express numerically the height是 “动词 + 副词 + 宾语” 的倒装结构（正常语序：express the height numerically）。

但海拔必然是相对的：只有选择一个参考点，我们才能用数值来表示一个物体或地点的高度。

2.The idea of sea level as a reference point for elevations has by now been around for so long as to go essentially unnoticed—we mention it without even considering what it means.

结构分析：主干是The idea...has been around for so long as to go unnoticed，破折号后为补充说明，包含what引导的宾语从句。

将海平面作为海拔参考点的想法，如今已经沿用太久，以至于我们几乎习以为常—— 我们随口提及它，却从未思考过它的含义。

3.Why did they vary ever so slightly from one instrument to the next? This sense of uncertainty led me to think about the meaning of zero. This is how I began my search for the conceptual history of sea level.

结构分析：由三个句子组成，后两句为结果句，how引导表语从句，交代研究的起源。

为什么不同仪器的数值会有细微差异？这种不确定感让我开始思考“零点” 的意义。这便是我开启对海平面概念史研究的契机。

4.Since I began thinking about this project in August 2011, the issue of sea-level rise and the need to place it historically have only become more urgent: between then and the end of 2022 the global sea rose by almost 5 centimeters, about half of the overall rise recorded by satellites since 1993.

结构分析：Since引导时间状语从句，主句为并列主语the issue...and the need...have become more urgent，冒号后为数据补充说明。

自2011年8 月我开始构思这个项目以来，海平面上升问题以及从历史维度认识它的必要性，变得愈发紧迫：从那时到2022 年底，全球海平面上升了近5厘米，约占1993 年以来卫星记录总上升量的一半。

阅读理解 D 篇

原文

The Barcelona subway pulls into the station, the doors slide open and passengers pour out to go about their daily business. Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car.

Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe's difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market.

Sixteen stations of Barcelona's subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy from the underground trains' brakes (刹车) is used to power the trains and the stations themselves, while the remainder is sent snaking through cables (电缆) to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles.

Bernardo Espinoza, an engineer who takes the subway every day, owns an electric car. "I am pleasantly surprised, because I am always looking for where to plug it in," Espinoza said before catching the subway in a working-class area of southern Barcelona. "And if it is from energy from the trains' brakes, then even better."

Regenerative brakes have been in trains for decades and are also used in some cars. They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. That energy can be immediately used to accelerate (加速)the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers.

Alvaro Luna, a professor of electrical engineering, said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses—in this case powering electric cars parked nearby. That, he said, boosts efficiency.

32.Why does Barcelona launch the MetroCharge project?

A. To fuel the city's economy.

B. To enhance passengers' experience.

C. To promote green transportation.

D. To raise the quality of electric cars.

33.What is Espinoza's concern?

A. How to cut his travel expenses.

B. Where to get a parking space.

C. How to avoid rush-hour traffic.

D. Where to find a charging point.

34.What aspect of regenerative brakes is discussed in paragraph 5?

A. Their operating conditions.

B. Their conventional standard.

C. Their potential risks.

D. Their working mechanism.

35.What did Luna say about the system?

A. It uses reclaimed energy creatively.

B. It improves workers' efficiency.

C. It prioritizes the safety of trains.

D. It generates jobs for the locals.

答案解析

第 32 题｜答案：C

考点：细节理解题（因果目的题）

Why does Barcelona launch the MetroCharge project?

第二段：Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe's difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market.

项目的目的是推动公共交通绿色化、应对气候变化、助力电动汽车市场转型，本质是推广绿色交通。

第二段明确说明Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change...” 目的是让公共交通更环保（greener），即促进绿色交通。

A. 推动城市经济发展：原文未提及经济相关内容，无中生有，排除。

B. 提升乘客体验：项目的核心是清洁能源利用，不是为了提升乘客体验，排除。

C. 推广绿色交通：与原文 “help public transportation go greener” 直接对应，正确。

D. 提高电动汽车质量：项目是为电动汽车充电，与汽车质量无关，排除。

第 33 题｜答案：D

考点：细节理解题（人物观点题）

What is Espinoza's concern?

第四段："I am pleasantly surprised, because I am always looking for where to plug it in," Espinoza said...

埃斯皮诺萨总是在找地方给车充电，这是他的困扰。

第四段中埃斯皮诺萨说I am always looking for where to plug it in.他一直在寻找给电动汽车充电的地方。因此他的关注点是找到充电点（charging point）。

A. 如何削减出行开支：原文未提及开支问题，排除。

B. 如何找到停车位：他的困扰是充电，不是停车，排除。

C. 如何避开高峰时段的交通：原文未提及交通拥堵，排除。

D. 如何找到充电点：与原文 “looking for where to plug it in” 完全对应，正确。

第 34 题｜答案：D

考点：段落主旨题（科技说明文）

What aspect of regenerative brakes is discussed in paragraph 5?

第五段：Regenerative brakes have been in trains for decades... They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat... That energy can be immediately used to accelerate the vehicle or sent along cables to supply electricity...

段落解释了再生制动的组成（电动机）、工作过程（收集刹车能量）和能量用途，即工作原理。

第五段详细解释了再生制动器的工作原理.They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat... That energy can be immediately used... 描述了它们的组成和能量收集再利用的方式，即“工作机制”。

D. 工作原理：与原文解释的组成、能量收集和利用过程一致，正确。

A. 工作条件：原文未讨论使用环境或条件，排除。

B. 行业标准：未提及相关标准，排除。

C. 潜在风险：未讨论风险，排除。

第 35 题｜答案：A

考点：观点态度题（专家评价题）

What did Luna say about the system?

最后一段：Alvaro Luna... said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby. That, he said, boosts efficiency.

卢纳认为该系统让回收的能量被重新分配利用，提高了效率，是一种创新的能源利用方式。

最后一段卢纳说“the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses” 该系统允许回收的能量被重新定向到特定本地用途，即创造性地利用了回收的能量。

A. 它创造性地利用了回收的能源：与原文 “innovative... allows recycled energy to be redirected” 直接对应，正确。

B. 它提高了工人的工作效率：原文说的是能源利用效率，不是工人效率，偷换概念，排除。

C. 它优先保障列车安全：未提及安全相关内容，排除。

D. 它为当地人创造了就业机会：未提及就业问题，排除。

答案：A

全文翻译

巴塞罗那地铁驶入车站，车门滑开，乘客涌出开始他们的日常事务。他们几乎不知道，就在他们这样做的时候，一股能量被送到地面，帮助给一辆电动汽车充电。

巴塞罗那已经整合了一套清洁能源技术，以帮助公共交通更加环保，同时也为应对气候变化和帮助欧洲向私人拥有的电动汽车市场的艰难转型做出自己的贡献。

巴塞罗那地铁系统的16个车站是其新的MetroCharge项目的一部分，通过该项目，地下列车刹车产生的能量被用来为列车和车站本身供电，而剩余的能量则通过电缆蜿蜒输送到地面，为私人车辆的充电站供电。

贝尔纳多·埃斯皮诺萨是一名每天乘坐地铁的工程师，拥有一辆电动汽车。“我感到惊喜，因为我一直在寻找插电的地方，”埃斯皮诺萨在巴塞罗那南部一个工人区乘坐地铁前说。“如果这些能量来自列车刹车，那就更好了。”

再生制动器已经在列车上使用了数十年，也被用于一些汽车上。它们由一个电动机组成，该电动机收集刹车动作中使用的能量，而这些能量在传统制动器中会以热量的形式损失掉。这些能量可以立即用于加速车辆，或者在巴塞罗那地铁系统的情况下，通过电缆输送为车站或电动汽车充电器供电。

电气工程教授阿尔瓦罗·卢纳表示，该系统的创新之处在于它允许将回收的能量重新定向到特定的本地用途——在这种情况下是为停放在附近的电动汽车供电。他说，这提高了效率。

32. 巴塞罗那为什么要启动MetroCharge项目？

34. 第5段讨论了再生制动器的哪个方面？

核心词汇

subway /ˈsʌbweɪ/n. 地铁

slide /slaɪd/v. 滑动；滑开

pour /pɔː(r)/v. 涌出；倾泻

burst /bɜːst/n. 一阵；突发；迸发

a burst of energy 一股能量

charge /tʃɑːdʒ/v. 充电；收费；指控 n. 费用；电荷

clean energy /kliːn ˈenədʒi/n. 清洁能源

go greener 走向绿色化；变得更环保

tackle /ˈtækl/v. 应对；处理；解决

tackle climate change 应对气候变化

shift /ʃɪft/n. 转变；转型；变化 v. 转移；改变

brake /breɪk/n. 刹车；制动器 v. 刹车；制动

remainder /rɪˈmeɪndə(r)/n. 剩余部分；余数

snake /sneɪk/v. 蜿蜒前进；蛇行

cable /ˈkeɪbl/n. 电缆；线缆

plug-in stations 充电桩；充电点

concern /kənˈsɜːn/n. 担忧；困扰；关注的问题

regenerative brakes 再生制动

consist of 由…… 组成；由…… 构成

conventional /kənˈvenʃənl/adj. 传统的；常规的

conventional brakes 传统刹车

accelerate /əkˈseləreɪt/v. 加速；加快

redirect /ˌriːdəˈrekt/v. 重新分配；改变方向

boost efficiency 提高效率；提升效能

高频短语

pull into the station 驶入车站

do one's part to do sth. 尽自己的一份力做某事

aid the shift to 助力向…… 转型

take part in 参与

be used to power 被用来为…… 供电

be sent through cables 通过电缆输送

look for where to plug it in 找地方充电

consist of 由…… 组成

collect energy 收集能量

be lost as heat 以热量形式流失

be immediately used to do sth. 被立即用来做某事

be innovative in so far as 在…… 方面具有创新性

be redirected to specific local uses 被重新分配到特定的本地用途

boost efficiency 提高效率

长难句解析

1.Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car.

结构分析：Little do they know 是倒装句（否定词置于句首，主句部分倒装），that 引导宾语从句，从句中包含 as 引导的时间状语从句。

他们不知道的是，就在这个过程中，一股能量正被输送到地面，用来给电动汽车充电。

2.Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe's difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market.

结构分析：主干是 Barcelona has put together... technologies，to help... 作目的状语，while also doing... 作伴随状语，包含两个并列目的：tackle climate change 和 aid Europe's shift。

巴塞罗那整合了一系列清洁能源技术，旨在推动公共交通向绿色化转型，同时为应对气候变化贡献力量，并助力欧洲向私人电动汽车市场艰难过渡。

3.Sixteen stations of Barcelona's subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy from the underground trains' brakes is used to power the trains and the stations themselves, while the remainder is sent snaking through cables to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles.

结构分析：主干是 Sixteen stations... are part of... project，whereby 引导定语从句（意为 “借此、通过这个方式”），从句中包含 while 引导的并列句，对比能量的两种用途。

巴塞罗那地铁系统的 16 个站点参与了新的 “地铁充电” 项目：地下列车刹车时产生的能量，一部分用于驱动列车和为车站供电，剩余部分则通过电缆输送到地面，为私人车辆的充电桩供电。

4.They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes.

结构分析：which 引导定语从句修饰electric motor，从句中又包含that 引导的定语从句修饰energy，形成嵌套结构。

它由一个电动机组成，能够收集刹车过程中原本会以热量形式流失的能量。

5.Alvaro Luna, a professor of electrical engineering, said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby.

结构分析：a professor of electrical engineering 作同位语修饰Alvaro Luna，that 引导宾语从句，从句中in so far as 表示 “在…… 范围内/方面”，破折号后为补充说明。

电气工程教授阿尔瓦罗・卢纳表示，该系统的创新之处在于，它让回收的能量能够被重新分配到特定的本地用途中—— 在这个案例中，就是为停在附近的电动汽车供电。

第二节(共 5小题; 每小题 2.5分, 满分 12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

七选五

原文

Ways to Teach Kids Work Ethic Early

Ever watched your child try to get out of doing housework by making excuses? If only the effort they put into avoiding responsibility could be redirected into, well, actual responsibility. In fact, building work ethic(道德) in kids doesn't require military-style drills. Here are four simple and practical ways.

● Make housework part of the family routine.

Involve your child in the daily running of the house: tidying toys, feeding the dog, watering the plants. 36 When the tasks become as routine as brushing teeth, kids internalise that helping with housework is simply part of life.

● 37

You can't expect your child to tackle their tasks with enthusiasm while you're complaining about loading the dishwasher. If your child sees you enjoying your work and taking pride in a job well done, they're far more likely to do the same.

● Build determination through goals.

38 Sometimes you have to help them find their "thing." Set small, achievable goals together with them and celebrate progress, not perfection. The trick is to let them struggle a bit- resist the urge to help fix things the moment they experience a setback.

● Treat mistakes as opportunities.

Few things strike fear into a child's heart like the prospect of failing. The best way is to normalise mistakes as a natural part of learning. When kids mess up, don't jump in with a rescue mission. 39

Teaching kids work ethic is to gently and consistently push them toward responsibility, determination, and pride in their efforts. 40 No worry. Those habits you're building now are setting your child up for a lifetime of resilience(韧性) and satisfaction.

A. The key is consistency.

B. Help kids develop analytical skills.

C. Model the work ethic you want to see.

D. Instead, encourage them to do differently next time.

E. Sometimes, a cleaner living room is the best reward.

F. Progress can be slow, and you'll wonder if it's all sinking in.

G. Not every child is born with the willpower of a marathon runner.

答案解析

第 36 题｜答案：A

考点：上下文呼应（主题一致性）

定位：空前后都在讲“家务成为日常”

前文：让孩子参与整理玩具、喂狗、浇花等日常家务

后文：当这些任务变得像刷牙一样日常时，孩子就会把做家务当成生活的一部分

逻辑：前文讲“让孩子参与家务”，后文讲 “任务变日常，孩子内化习惯”，中间需要衔接 “如何让家务成为日常” 的核心方法。

A. The key is consistency.（关键在于持之以恒）：“consistency” 与后文的 “routine（日常）”、“internalise（内化）” 呼应，说明让家务成为日常的关键是坚持，衔接自然，正确。

其他选项：B（分析能力）、C（以身作则）、D（鼓励下次尝试）、E（奖励）、F（进步慢）、G（意志力）均与 “家务日常化” 主题无关，排除。

答案：A

第 37 题｜答案：C

考点：段落主旨句（总起下文）

定位：空后段落内容

后文：你抱怨装洗碗机时，别指望孩子有热情；孩子看到你享受工作、为工作自豪，就会效仿。

逻辑：后文核心是“家长的行为会影响孩子，孩子会模仿家长的职业态度”，需要一个总起句点明这一主题。

C. Model the work ethic you want to see.（以身作则，树立你希望看到的职业素养）：直接概括了后文 “家长做好榜样，孩子会效仿” 的核心内容，正确。

其他选项：A（持之以恒）、B（分析能力）、D（鼓励尝试）、E（奖励）、F（进步慢）、G（意志力）均无法统领后文关于 “家长示范作用” 的内容，排除。

后文：有时需要帮孩子找到兴趣点，设定小目标，庆祝进步而非完美，关键是让他们多尝试，遇到挫折别急着帮忙。

第 38 题｜答案：G

考点：上下文呼应（因果逻辑）

定位：空前后都在讲“通过目标培养毅力”

逻辑：后文提到孩子需要帮助找兴趣点、设定目标，说明孩子并非天生就有很强的毅力，需要引导，因此空处应铺垫“孩子意志力不足，需要通过目标培养” 的背景。

G. Not every child is born with the willpower of a marathon runner.（不是每个孩子生来就有马拉松选手般的意志力）：解释了为什么需要 “通过目标培养毅力”，与后文 “设定小目标、让孩子多尝试” 形成因果逻辑，正确。

其他选项：A（持之以恒）、B（分析能力）、C（以身作则）、D（鼓励尝试）、E（奖励）、F（进步慢）均无法解释后文 “为什么要帮孩子设定目标”，排除。

第 39 题｜答案：D

逻辑：前文说“别着急帮忙”，后文应说明 “应该怎么做”，形成转折关系。

D. Instead, encourage them to do differently next time.（相反，鼓励他们下次换一种方式尝试）：“Instead” 与前文 “don't jump in with a rescue mission” 形成转折，说明孩子犯错后正确的做法是鼓励尝试而非直接救援，正确。

其他选项：A（持之以恒）、B（分析能力）、C（以身作则）、E（奖励）、F（进步慢）、G（意志力）均无法承接 “孩子犯错后该怎么做” 的话题，排除。

前文：培养孩子的职业素养，就是温和而持续地引导他们学会负责、有毅力，并为自己的努力感到自豪。

第 40 题｜答案：F

考点：上下文呼应（转折逻辑）

定位：空前后内容

后文：No worry. Those habits you're building now are setting your child up for a lifetime of resilience and satisfaction.（别担心，你现在培养的这些习惯，将为孩子未来的韧性和满足感打下基础。）

逻辑：后文说“别担心”，说明前文提到了家长可能会担心的问题，因此空处应是一个让家长产生担忧的场景。