一、什么是动词不定式
动词不定式的基本形式：to + 动词原形（to 为不定式符号，无实际词义）
核心属性：非谓语动词
简单来说：它不是句子的真正谓语，不受主语人称、时态、单复数限制，在句中可以充当除谓语外的所有成分。
两种特殊形式提前记：
✅ 正确：I decided not to go out. 我决定不出去。
❌ 错误：I decided to not go out.
二、不定式在句中的7大成分
不定式最核心的考点，就是充当不同句子成分，这部分是基础，一定要吃透！
1. 作主语：To do sth. + 谓语
表示“做某事是……的”，多用于正式句式，为避免句子头重脚轻，常用 it 作形式主语。
▶ 原版：To learn English well is important.
▶ 优化（常用）：It is important to learn English well.
💡 固定句型：It is + adj. + (for/of sb.) + to do sth.
2. 作宾语：动词 + to do
这是考试最高频考点！大量动词后只能接不定式作宾语，没有doing形式。
高频必背动词：
decide（决定）、plan（计划）、hope（希望）、wish（希望）、refuse（拒绝）、promise（承诺）、pretend（假装）、afford（负担得起）、agree（同意）、choose（选择）
例句：She promised to help me with my study. 她答应帮我学习。
3. 作宾语补足语：动词 + sb. + to do
用于补充说明宾语的动作，结构：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + to do
高频必背动词：ask、tell、want、allow、advise、encourage、invite、order、warn
例句：My teacher advised me to read more books. 老师建议我多读书。
4. 作表语：主语 + be + to do
用于说明主语的具体内容、目的、职责、计划，主语多为抽象名词（dream、plan、goal、job）。
例句：My dream is to become a doctor. 我的梦想是成为一名医生。
5. 作定语：修饰名词，后置
不定式作定语，一律放在被修饰名词后面，多表示“将要做的事”。
例句：I have a lot of homework to finish. 我有很多作业要完成。
6. 作状语：表目的、结果、原因
✅ 目的状语（最常用）：To do..., 主语 + 谓语（为了……）
例句：To catch the bus, I got up early. 为了赶上公交，我起得很早。
✅ 结果状语：only to do（不料、结果……）
例句：He hurried to school, only to find it was Sunday. 他赶到学校，结果发现是周日。
7. 作插入语（固定搭配）
多用于句首，修饰整个句子，属于固定用法：
to be honest（老实说）、to tell you the truth（说实话）、to be frank（坦率地说）
三、省略to的动词不定式
正常不定式必须带to，但部分特殊情况需要省略to，直接用动词原形，是单选、改错高频考点！
1. 五看三使两听一感觉 + 一帮助
感官动词、使役动词后，宾补省略to：
五看：see、watch、look at、notice、observe
三使：make、let、have
两听：hear、listen to
一感觉：feel
一帮助：help（可省to，也可保留to）
例句：I saw him enter the room. 我看见他进了房间。
⚠️ 超级易错点（必考）：
以上动词变被动语态时，必须还原to！
主动：make sb. do sth.
被动：sb. be made to do sth.
例句：He was made to finish the work alone. 他被要求独自完成工作。
2. 特殊句式省略to
四、to do & doing 核心区别
很多动词既可接不定式也可接动名词，但含义完全不同，考试最爱挖坑！
1. remember / forget
2. stop
3. try
4. mean
mean to do 打算、想要做某事
mean doing 意味着做某事
五、不定式的复合结构与特殊句式
1. 复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth.
✅ for sb. to do：形容事情的性质（困难、重要、容易）
It is hard for me to solve the problem.
✅ of sb. to do：形容人的品质（善良、勇敢、粗心）
It is kind of you to help me.
2. 疑问词+不定式：what / how / when / where to do
可作宾语、主语，相当于一个宾语从句，是写作加分句式。
例句：I don’t know how to use this machine. 我不知道怎么用这台机器。
不定式核心考点总结：
1. 否定式固定：not to do，绝不倒置
2. 感官/使役动词主动省to，被动必还原to
3. 表目的一律用 to do，是写作万能句式
4. 接不定式的动词：决记“决心计划、希望拒绝、承诺假装”
5. to do 表未做、将要做，doing 表已做、正在做、习惯性做
6. It 形式主语/宾语是高频考题，优先用不定式
不定式专项｜60道中考真题精练（全覆盖+逐题解析）
做题说明：全题为全国各地近年中考真题，覆盖不定式所有核心考点（形式、成分、省略to、to do/doing辨析、固定句式），适合刷题查漏、考前冲刺。
单项选择：
1.（2024·天津）Mike, we are told not ________ the phone while crossing the street.
A. answering B. to answer C. answer
答案：B
解析：固定搭配 tell sb. not to do sth.（告诉某人不要做某事），不定式否定式为 not to do。
2.（2024·四川自贡）To save energy, don’t forget ________ the light before you leave the room.
A. turn off B. turning off C. to turn off
答案：C
解析：forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事（未做），此处为出门前关灯，动作未发生。
3.（2023·江苏徐州）I have decided ________ to Beijing and visit one of my old friends there.
A. go B. to go C. going
答案：B
解析：decide to do sth. 决定做某事，固定接不定式作宾语。
4.（2024·广东广州）My parents often tell me ________ too much time on games.
A. not to spend B. don’t spend C. not spend
答案：A
解析：tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人不要做某事，不定式否定结构固定用法。
5.（2025·天津）The government is developing new plans ________ ancient buildings.
A. protect B. to protect C. protects
答案：B
解析：不定式作目的状语，制定新方案是为了保护古建筑。
6.（2024·黑龙江）She decided ________ in a restaurant after graduating from college.
A. work B. working C. to work
答案：C
解析：decide 后只能接不定式作宾语，为中考高频固定搭配。
7.（2023·山东青岛）The teacher encourages us ________ English as much as possible.
A. speak B. to speak C. speaking
答案：B
解析：encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事，不定式作宾补。
8.（2024·湖南长沙）It’s kind ________ you to help me with my homework.
A. for B. of C. with
答案：B
解析：It’s + 品质形容词 + of sb. to do sth.，kind 形容人的品质，用 of。
9.（2024·浙江杭州）It is difficult ________ me to finish the task in one hour.
A. for B. of C. to
答案：A
解析：It’s + 难易形容词 + for sb. to do sth.，形容事情难度，用 for。
10.（2023·河南）He hurried to the station, only ________ the train had left.
A. to find B. finding C. find
答案：A
解析：only to do 表意外结果，“不料、结果”，为固定句式。
11.（2024·湖北武汉）—Remember ________ your notebook here tomorrow. —OK, I won’t forget.
A. bring B. to bring C. bringing
答案：B
解析：remember to do sth. 记得要做某事（动作未发生）。
12.（2023·江西）I remember ________ the window, but it’s open now.
A. closing B. to close C. close
答案：A
解析：remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（动作已完成）。
13.（2024·安徽）Stop ________. Let’s have a rest.
A. work B. to work C. working
答案：C
解析：stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事，此处指停下工作休息。
14.（2023·福建）He stopped ________ a cup of water and then went on working.
A. drink B. to drink C. drinking
答案：B
解析：stop to do sth. 停下手头事，去做另一件事。
15.（2024·四川成都）Try ________ more, and you will make progress.
A. practice B. to practice C. practicing
答案：B
解析：try to do sth. 努力尽力做某事，侧重付出努力。
16.（2023·陕西）If you feel tired, try ________ for a while.
A. relax B. to relax C. relaxing
答案：C
解析：try doing sth. 尝试做某事，侧重试验方法、缓解状态。
17.（2024·辽宁）Missing the bus means ________ for another hour.
A. wait B. to wait C. waiting
答案：C
解析：mean doing sth. 意味着做某事。
18.（2023·吉林）I didn’t mean ________ your feelings. I’m sorry.
A. hurt B. to hurt C. hurting
答案：B
解析：mean to do sth. 打算、有意做某事。
19.（2024·山东济南）We saw him ________ the classroom just now.
A. enter B. to enter C. entering
答案：A
解析：感官动词 see 后接宾补省略 to，see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事全过程。
20.（2023·山西）The boy was made ________ the room by his mother.
A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning
答案：B
解析：使役动词 make 主动省to，被动语态必须还原to。
21.（2024·云南）You had better ________ late for school again.
A. not be B. not to be C. don’t be
答案：A
解析：had better (not) do sth. 最好（不）做某事，省略to。
22.（2023·贵州）Why not ________ a walk after dinner? It’s good for health.
A. take B. to take C. taking
答案：A
解析：Why not do sth. 为什么不做某事，固定省略to。
23.（2024·广西）I would rather ________ at home than go out.
A. stay B. to stay C. staying
答案：A
解析：would rather do sth. 宁愿做某事，省略to。
24.（2023·甘肃）She prefers to read books rather than ________ TV.
A. watch B. to watch C. watching
答案：A
解析：prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A不做B，后接动词原形。
25.（2024·青海）I don’t know ________ the new machine.
A. how to use B. to use how C. how use
答案：A
解析：疑问词+不定式 固定结构，在句中作宾语。
26.（2023·宁夏）It’s important ________ us to learn English well.
A. of B. for C. to
答案：B
解析：形容学习英语这件事重要，用 for sb. to do 结构。
27.（2024·河北）My dream is ________ a teacher in the future.
A. be B. to be C. being
答案：B
解析：不定式作表语，说明主语dream的具体内容、未来计划。
28.（2023·江苏苏州）I have a lot of things ________ this weekend.
A. do B. to do C. doing
答案：B
解析：不定式作后置定语，修饰things，表将要做的事。
29.（2024·浙江宁波）________ English well, she practices every morning.
A. Learn B. To learn C. Learning
答案：B
解析：不定式置于句首，作目的状语，为了学好英语。
30.（2023·湖北宜昌）To be honest, I don’t like sweet food. （句式考查）该句中不定式作________
A. 主语 B. 插入语 C. 状语
答案：B
解析：to be honest 为固定不定式插入语，修饰整句话。
31.（2024·四川绵阳）He promised ________ me with my math problem.
A. help B. to help C. helping
解析：promise to do sth. 承诺做某事，固定接不定式。
32.（2023·山东潍坊）She refused ________ with us because she was busy.
A. go B. to go C. going
答案：B
解析：refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事，必考固定搭配。
33.（2024·湖南株洲）Can you afford ________ a new bike?
A. buy B. to buy C. buying
答案：B
解析：afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事，固定不定式搭配。
34.（2023·广东）They agreed ________ a meeting next Monday.
A. hold B. to hold C. holding
答案：B
解析：agree to do sth. 同意做某事。
35.（2024·江苏无锡）He pretended ________ when the teacher came in.
A. read B. to read C. reading
答案：B
解析：pretend to do sth. 假装做某事。
36.（2023·重庆）My father asks me ________ computer games too much.
A. not play B. not to play C. to not play
答案：B
解析：不定式否定式固定为 not to do，位置不可颠倒。
37.（2024·山东烟台）The doctor warns us ________ unhealthy food.
A. don’t eat B. not to eat C. not eat
答案：B
解析：warn sb. not to do sth. 警告某人不要做某事。
38.（2023·河南）Parents always encourage their kids ________ brave.
A. be B. to be C. being
答案：B
解析：encourage sb. to be + 形容词，不定式作宾补。
39.（2024·湖北襄阳）I find it easy ________ English every day.
A. learn B. to learn C. learning
答案：B
解析：find it + adj. + to do sth.，it为形式宾语，不定式为真正宾语。
40.（2023·江西）It takes me half an hour ________ to school every day.
A. walk B. to walk C. walking
答案：B
解析：固定句型 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多久。
41.（2024·安徽）The little girl is happy ________ her old friend.
A. see B. to see C. seeing
答案：B
解析：形容词后接不定式表原因，be happy to do sth. 开心做某事。
42.（2023·福建）He is too young ________ to school alone.
A. go B. to go C. going
答案：B
解析：too...to do sth. 太……而不能……，固定不定式结构。
43.（2024·四川南充）The book is worth ________, but I have no time ________ it.
A. reading; to read B. to read; reading C. reading; reading
答案：A
解析：be worth doing 值得做；have time to do sth. 有时间做某事。
44.（2023·辽宁）We have no choice but ________ wait.
A. / B. to C. for
答案：B
解析：have no choice but to do sth. 别无选择只能做某事。
45.（2024·吉林）Let him ________ a rest. He is tired.
A. have B. to have C. having
答案：A
解析：使役动词 let 后接宾补，省略to，用动词原形。
46.（2023·山西）I heard her ________ in the room just now.
A. sing B. to sing C. singing
答案：A
解析：hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事全过程，省略to。
47.（2024·云南）The boss had the workers ________ overtime yesterday.
A. work B. to work C. working
答案：A
解析：have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事，使役动词省略to。
48.（2023·贵州）He was seen ________ the park yesterday.
A. enter B. to enter C. entering
答案：B
解析：感官动词被动语态，必须还原不定式符号to。
49.（2024·广西）I want to know ________ tomorrow.
A. when leave B. when to leave C. to leave when
答案：B
解析：疑问词when+不定式，作宾语，为简化宾语从句的高频句式。
50.（2023·甘肃）Her wish ________ a doctor comes true.
A. be B. to be C. being
答案：B
解析：不定式作后置定语，修饰wish，成为医生的愿望。
51.（2024·青海）________ late is a bad habit for students.
A. Stay up B. To stay up C. Staying up
答案：B
解析：不定式作主语，表具体、单次的行为，符合句式用法。
52.（2023·宁夏）He tried his best ________ the problem.
A. solve B. to solve C. solving
答案：B
解析：try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事。
53.（2024·河北）We plan ________ a picnic this Sunday.
A. have B. to have C. having
答案：B
解析：plan to do sth. 计划做某事，高频不定式搭配。
54.（2023·江苏常州）She hopes ________ to college next year.
A. go B. to go C. going
答案：B
解析：hope to do sth. 希望做某事，无hope doing结构。
55.（2024·浙江温州）I wish ________ to the moon one day.
A. travel B. to travel C. traveling
答案：B
解析：wish to do sth. 希望做某事，固定不定式用法。
56.（2023·湖北荆门）The rule is ________ everyone safe.
A. make B. to make C. making
答案：B
解析：不定式作表语，说明规则的目的与作用。
57.（2024·四川达州）He went out ________ some fresh air.
A. get B. to get C. getting
答案：B
解析：不定式作目的状语，出门的目的是呼吸新鲜空气。
58.（2023·湖南岳阳）She finished studying, only ________ that the exam was over.
A. to find B. finding C. find
答案：A
解析：only to do 表意外结果，符合语境。
59.（2024·山东滨州）It’s foolish ________ him to do such a thing.
A. for B. of C. to
答案：B
解析：foolish形容人的性格特质，用of sb. to do结构。
60.（2023·广东汕头）The teacher allows us ________ sports after class.
A. play B. to play C. playing
答案：B
解析：allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事，不定式作宾补。
