文章的主旨:
通过读文章的首尾段得出文章的主旨
电子阅读或者看视频听音频的效果不能等同于纸质阅读
文章结构
•Para 1：首段以两个问题导入话题。屏幕阅读和纸质阅读的效率对比
•Para 2：第二段说的是纸质阅读的好处（关键字：successful, benefits）
•Para 3：第三段的首句就是主旨句。这一段说的是两种阅读方式的 difference
•Para 4：But equally important is the mental aspect 首句是关键句。说的是两种阅读对心理层面的影响
•Para 5：这一段的关键词是 however。所以这一段的主旨是，人们阅读纸质书印象更深
•Para 6：总结段。关键词 however。再次强调纸质阅读的好处
•文章结构：总分总的结构
•语篇功能：现象解释型说明文
•篇章结构：一般-特殊型
题源
本文来自美利坚大学语言学荣休教授 Naomi S. Baron（内奥米·S. 巴伦）的一篇名为 Why we remember more by reading—especially print—than from audio or video 的文章。
二、逐段精讲
Paragraph 1
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text on screen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often "no". The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
📖 词汇
1.comprehension /ˌɒmprɪˈhenʃn/ n. 理解，理解力
2.effective adj. 有效的，起作用的
3.cover the same material 学习/研读相同素材
4.relate to 与……相关
5.a variety of factors 多种因素
6.reduced concentration 专注力降低
7.entertainment mindset 娱乐化心态
8.a tendency to do sth. 做某事的倾向
9.multitask v. 同时处理多项任务，一心多用
10.consume digital content 浏览/消费数字化内容
📝 句式分析
1.whether a person reads a text on screen or on paper
whether 在此处引导让步状语从句。
whether 译为“是否”引导名词性从句；whether 译为“无论”引导让步状语从句。
2.Are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material?
句子的主干为 A be as...as B：A 和 B 一样。
when covering the same material 是一个省略句。原句应为 when people cover the same material。
3.The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
including 在此处是介词，译为“其中包括”，表示列举。高考常考。
如果 including 在此处为 include 的现在分词，它的逻辑主语就是 reasons。这里应该是 factors including。
Paragraph 2
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.
📖 词汇
1.confirm /kənˈfɜːm/ v. 证实，确认
2.finding n.（科学）研究结论，调查发现（常复数 findings）
3.benefit n. 优势，益处
4.print reading 纸质阅读
5.particularly adv. 尤其，特别
6.shine through 显露，凸显
7.pose v. 提出；设置（任务、问题）
8.identify v. 识别，确定
9.mental abstraction 思维抽象能力、抽象思考
10.draw inferences 推理，作出推论（阅读理解核心考点）
📝 句式分析
1.When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen
When reading texts of several hundred words or more — 状语从句的省略，因从句的主语和主句的主语不一致，学生了解即可。
when it's on paper than onscreen — 这是加入的一个时间状语从句。
2.The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.
句子主干：the benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks to ones that require mental abstraction
这里的 like identifying the main idea in a reading passage 和 such as drawing inferences from a text 都是插入语举例。读长难句的时候，可以先忽略破折号后面的内容，先抓句子主干然后再回来读细节。
Paragraph 3
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper's physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they've read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
📖 词汇
1.be partly related to 部分与……有关
2.physical properties 物理特性
3.literal adj. 实实在在的；字面的
4.a laying on of hands 亲手触摸书页
5.visual geography 视觉空间方位（文章形象表达）
6.distinct pages 界限分明的书页
7.link A to B 把 A 和 B 关联起
📝 句式分析
1.People often link their memory of what they've read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
their memory of what they've read：what 引导宾语从句。译为“阅读内容的记忆”。
how far into the book it was — 这段内容再书中的位置深浅。
where it was on the page — 它在书的哪一个页面。
Paragraph 4
But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called "shallowing hypothesis (假说)". According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and less mental effort than when they are reading print.
📖 词汇
1.mental aspect 心理层面；思维层面
2.propose v. 提出（理论、方案）
3.approach v. 着手处理；阅读、看待（文本）
4.mindset n. 心态，思维模式
5.be suited to 适合……
6.mental effort 脑力投入，认知付出
📝 句式分析
1.Reading researchers have proposed a theory called "shallowing hypothesis (假说)"
called 在这里是过去分词做定语。
2.According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious
suited to social media — 过去分词做定语修饰 mindset。
which 引导定语从句。
Paragraph 5
Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.
📖 词汇
1.engaging adj. 有吸引力的，引人入胜的
2.increasingly adv. 越来越多地
3.turn to 求助于；采用（某种方式、技术）
4.say（插入语）比如说，例如
5.assign v. 布置（任务、作业）
6.demonstrate v. 证明；证实；展示
7.identical adj. 完全相同的
8.pieces n.（文中）资讯、素材
📝 句式分析
破折号之后的内容是对前文的举例说明。
Paragraph 6
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
📖 重点词汇 & 短语
1.educational roles 教育作用、教育价值
2.print n. 纸质印刷品
3.maximize learning 最大化学习效果
4.mental focus 精神专注，注意力集中
5.reflection n. 思考，反思
6.be called for 需要，要求
7.assume v. 假定，想当然认为
8.identical adj. 完全相同的
📝 句式分析
1.when providing resources not available in print.
状语从句省略结构，完整形式：especially when (they are) providing resources (that are) not available in print。
not available in print — 形容词短语后置修饰 resources。
三、题目解析
第28题
What does the underlined phrase "shine through" in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Seem unlikely to last.
B. Seem hard to explain.
C. Become ready to use.
D. Become easy to notice.✔
解析：根据文章的主旨，以及本段的 main idea，可以很容易选出答案 D。shine through 意为“显露、凸显”，即 Become easy to notice。
第29题
What does the shallowing hypothesis assume?
A. Readers treat digital texts lightly.✔
B. Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C. People select digital texts randomly.
D. Digital texts are suitable for social media.
解析：细节题。根据 shallowing hypothesis assume 锁定第四段。根据 "According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and less mental effort than when they are reading print." 可以很容易得出答案 A。
第30题
Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers?
A. They can hold students' attention.✔
B. They are more convenient to prepare.
C. They help develop advanced skills.
D. They are more informative than text.
解析：根据问题里的关键词 audio and video increasingly used by university teachers 锁定第五段。根据 "Audio and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies" 和里面的关键字，得出答案 A。
第31题
What does the author imply in the last paragraph?
A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.✔
D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
解析：推理判断题。根据问题里的关键词 imply in the last paragraph 锁定最后一段。根据 "However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words." 选出答案 C。
