2027届高考英语语法一轮复习 第4讲 主谓一致-教师版

2027届高考英语语法一轮复习 第4讲 主谓一致

一、就近原则

1.当主语由or，either…or…，neither…nor…，not…but…，not only…but (also)…连接时，谓语动词的形式要和靠近的主语保持一致

Not only some of the exchange students but my foreign teacheris fond of BeijingOpera.[2024河南周口高二下期末]

2.there be句型就近原则

Don‘t worry. Thereis enough water, vegetables and fruits in the fridge.

二、就远原则

当主语后跟有but，except，besides，with，together/along with，like，as much as，no less than，as well as，including，rather than，in addition to等引出的短语，谓语动词习惯上要与比较远的那个主语保持一致

Amy, as well as her brothers, was given a welcome when returning to the village last week.[2023河南高二下月考]

The musicianalong with his band members has given ten performances in the last three months.[2019江苏卷]

三、复数原则

1.主语为复数名词或代词，以及and，both…and…连接的并列短语时，谓语动词用复数形式

Paper cutting and shadow puppetry are traditional folk arts with a history of thousands of years.[2023新高考Ⅱ卷]

2.many，a great many，few，a few，several等修饰或指代可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式

Several of us are determined to remain in the city after graduation.

3.people，police，cattle(n.牛群)等表示总称意义的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式

Look! The police are searching for the missing boy.

4.由两个或多个相同部分组成的表示衣物或工具的名词，如glasses，trousers，shoes，scissors，chopsticks等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式

My glasses were broken while I was playing football yesterday.

5.The+形容词作主语表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式

The old need our help, so we should care for them.

四、就后原则

1.some/any/most (of)，more of，a lot of，lots of，plenty of等既可修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词作主语，谓语动词的单复数由其后被修饰的名词决定

2.分数或百分数以及the majority of(大部分)作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由后面的名词决定

About three fifths of the land is covered with trees and grass.

Sixty percent of the volunteersare teachers and students.

The majority of the damage is easy to repair.

3.倒装句中的谓语动词，由后面的主语而定

Among the oldest of these treasures is the 2,800-year-old bronze vessel.[2025届高三T8联考]（全部倒装）

Make no mistake, the desert is here, but so are breathtaking green landscapes.[2025武汉高三二调]（部分倒装）

五、单数原则

1.主语为单数名词或代词，不可数名词，动词不定式，动名词或从句时，谓语动词一般用单数形式

The population of China is over 1.3 billion.

Playing computer games too much is bad for students’ health .

What he has done is useless.

注：what/whatever引导的主语从句谓语动词不一定用单数

What we lack are experienced teachers.

It(形式主语)is now clear to us what a laser is.

2.much，a great deal of等词修饰或指代不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数

A great deal of work awaits us.

3.复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数

Nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it.

4.each，either，neither，one，the other，another既可作代词充当主语，又可作形容词修饰主语，谓语动词用单数

One of my friends has moved to America. I miss her so much.

5.and连接的两个或多个主语如果有each，every，no等修饰语时(后面一个有时省略)，谓语用单数

Each boy and each girl is dancing happily.

6.one and a half+名词复数，a+名词单数+and a half(一个半)，more than one+单数名词(不止一个)，many a+名词单数(许多，单数名词表复数概念)等短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式

An hour and a half is long enough.

More than one student has failed the exam.

7.一些以ics结尾的表示学科的名词，如politics，physics，economics，mathematics(maths)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数

Politics is my favorite subject.

8.表示度量、时间、价格、距离等的名词复数作主语时当整体看，谓语动词用单数形式

Four thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.

9.数学运算作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式

Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.

注：乘法运算省略times时，在后一个乘数后加s，谓语动词用复数

Two fives are ten.

六、单复数原则

1.集体名词family，team，class，army，enemy，audience，company，government，group，public，committee等作主语时，若作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；若就其成员而言，谓语动词用复数

My family is a large one.（整体）

The family are sitting at the breakfast table.（一个个成员）

2.pair/pile/row/set of+名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由pair/pile/row/set的单复数决定

The pair of trousers fits me.

3.the number of+名词复数(…的数量)作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；a number of+名词复数(许多)作主语，谓语动词用复数形式

The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and has remained around that level ever since.[2020天津7月高考]

4.and连接的两个名词作主语，谓语动词一般用复数形式，但and后的名词没有冠词，指同一个人或同一件事，谓语动词应该用单数形式

A famous singer and dancer is coming to our school.

5.单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词的形式由句意决定。常见单复数同形的名词有：sheep，fish，deer，craft，works(工厂)，species(物种)，means(方法)，headquarters(总部)，Chinese，Japanese，Swiss(瑞士人)

This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.

6.在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，谓语动词的数应与先行词的数保持一致

The actor who plays a hero used to be a school teacher.

注：one of+名词复数(先行词)+定语从句(谓语动词用复数)

one of the students who are good at English.

【实战演练】

1.(2025·广东5月大联考)Not only are(be) these dragons decorations, but they also carry the essence of Chinese.

解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句为Not only放在句首引起的部分倒装句,主语为空后的these dragons,谓语应用复数形式,且这里时态应与but引起的并列句的时态保持一致,用一般现在时。故填are。

2.(2026·安徽蚌埠适应性考试)Using short wooden pieces to cover large distances requires(require) exceptional skill, and multi⁃span designs like Wan’an Bridge demand even greater expertise, which showcases ancient wisdom.

解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,动名词短语Using short wooden pieces to cover large distances作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;结合and后的分句的谓语demand的时态可知,应用一般现在时。故填requires。

3.(2026·河北衡水中学模拟)What impressed me most is the medal ceremony uniform, as the Chinese dragon element has been used(use) for years in its design. 

解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处在as引导的从句中作谓语;根据空后for years可知,应用现在完成时;主语the Chinese dragon element与谓语动词use之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;主语为单数,助动词用has。故填has been used。

【链接高考】

1.(2024·北京卷)When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and gives(give) us the opportunity to make right choices.

解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,在which引导的非限制性定语从句中,空处与helps为and连接的并列谓语,应与helps的时态一致,且用第三人称单数形式。故填gives。

2.(2023·天津卷)Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats, has caused(cause) a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades. 

解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处为谓语;根据时间状语in the past three decades可知,应用现在完成时;句子主语是Human impact,助动词用has。故填has caused。

3.(2022·天津卷)Critical reasoning, together with problem⁃solving, prepares(prepare) teenagers to make better decisions.

解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时;短语together with/along with/as well as等连接两个并列的名词或代词(短语)作主语时,谓语动词的数由together with/along with/as well as前的名词决定。根据together with前的Critical reasoning可知,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填prepares。