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考研英语阅读|核心要点整理笔记

  • 2026-11-03 07:40:28
考研英语阅读|核心要点整理笔记
学习笔记|仅供交流,非押题资料,禁止商用

考研英语 · 阅读笔记

考研阅读核心笔记
十一大考点一次吃透

非谓语 · 逻辑词 · 态度词 · 长难句 · 做题方法论

建议收藏 + 做真题时对着看

这篇笔记把考研阅读里最高频、最容易错的考点压成 11 个模块:从非谓语的 doing / done,到定位信号词、态度词库、长难句拆分,最后落到做题的底层逻辑。
读法建议:先看例句,再看拆解,遇到不懂的句子就回来看对应模块。

01非谓语核心(doing / done 后置定语)

1. N + doing sth:现在分词后置定语

doing 和前面名词是主动关系 = 名词发出这个动作。

The study exploring youth mental health has attracted wide attention.

这项探究青少年心理健康的研究受到广泛关注。

拆解:exploring 修饰 study,study 主动发出 explore。

2. N + done (by sth/sb):过去分词后置定语

done 和前面名词是被动关系 = 名词"被……"。

The data collected by researchers showed a sharp decline.

研究者收集到的数据显示大幅下降。

拆解:data 是"被收集"。

区分口诀

主动 doing,被动 done
都放在名词后面 = 定语后置

3. 形式主语 / 形式宾语 It

句型一It is + adj. + to do sth
→ it 只是形式主语,真正主语是后面 to do。

句型二 · 必考make it + adj. + to do sth
→ it 是形式宾语,真正宾语是 to do sth。

Technology makes it easier to access educational resources.

科技让获取教育资源变得更容易。

易混:It is obvious that… 形式主语;that 从句是真正主语。

02高频逻辑词 & 短语(阅读定位信号词)

cause

v. 导致;n. 原因
(因果逻辑,常考原因/结果颠倒陷阱)

Stress can cause sleep disorders.

压力会引发睡眠障碍。

in conjunction with

与……一起;连同
(并列逻辑 ≈ together with)

Policy, in conjunction with public support, promotes reform.

fall behind

落后(固定搭配)
选项易对象错置:A 落后 B ≠ B 落后 A

Some students fall behind their peers due to lack of practice.

favor

v. 赞同,支持;n. 偏爱
(态度题关键词) = be in favor of

Most experts favor this new regulation.

大多数专家支持这项新规。

peer review

同行评审
同义串记 = scrutiny = check = look into 审查

The paper passed strict peer review.

论文通过了严格同行评审。

03态度 / 情感形容词(态度题词库)

▎负面词

· pressure n. 压力
· high expectation 高期待
· silly adj. 荒唐的
· constant fear 持续的担忧

▎中性 / 正面词

· natural adj. 自然而然的
· realistic adj. 切合实际的、现实的
· diverse adj. 多种多样的(= various)

Constant fear and high expectations create huge pressure on youngsters.

持续的焦虑与过高期待给年轻人带来巨大压力。

04概括类数量词(选项同义替换常出现)

a couple of

几个,少量

A couple of factors remain unknown.

a multitude of

大量,众多(= many)
阅读喜欢用它替换简单的 many

A multitude of factors contribute to this dilemma.

05重点名词

dilemma

困境;moral dilemma 道德困境(人文话题高频)

Doctors often face a moral dilemma.

医生常常面临道德困境。

department

院系;部门

expenditure / pension

支出,花费;pension n. 养老金
(经济 / 社会类话题)

facility

设施(复数 facilities)

Public facilities need regular maintenance.

06动词辨析

· expand v. 扩张,扩大(范围、规模)
· skyrocket v. 猛涨,飙升数据类超高频

Housing prices skyrocketed in that period.

那段时间房价飙升。

07倍数 & 数量句型(细节题数字考点)

句型 1A + be + 倍数 + as + adj.原级 + as + B
→ A 是 B 的几倍。

This room is twice as large as that one.

这个房间是那个的两倍大。

句型 2more than + 数字
→ 超过……

More than 300 participants joined the survey.

补充diverse adj. 多种多样的(= various)

The university attracts students from diverse backgrounds.

08while 用法(长难句转折 / 对比)

while + 句子,主句,两种含义:

· 虽然(让步)
· 与此同时(对比)

While the plan sounds good, it costs too much.

虽然这个方案听起来不错,但成本太高。

09定语从句 vs 主语从句(难点区分)

最高频句式:N(定语从句 / doing 作定语)+ 谓语。
不要当成名词修饰名词的关系!

定语从句

判断方式:that / which 指代前面名词,在从句里充当主语或宾语;作宾语时 that / which 可以省略。

The idea (that) he proposed is practical.

that 指代 idea,在从句做 proposed 宾语 → 可省 that

主语从句

判断方式:that 不指代前面名词,只起连接作用,不能省;从句本身是句子主语。

That he refused the offer surprised us all.

That 引导的整句话是主语

10阅读做题方法论

1. 问号段

首段问句一般是文章话题、核心探讨问题,主旨优先看这里。

2. 信息方向

下面信息是支撑 / 解释上面的主旨句(总分结构)。

3. 选项语序陷阱

原文 A B C;选项打乱顺序 C B A,信息重组,核对每一个名词对象,防止对象错置(fall behind、different 最容易挖坑)。

4. 概括 vs 细节

imply 推断题,答案是概括,不是原文原句细节;优先"用英文解释英文"的同义改写,不要字面直译。

5. lesson / blow / focus on

· focus on 聚焦于
· lesson n. 教训;启示
· blow n. 打击(a heavy blow 沉重打击)

11阅读选项底层逻辑

· 换语序 ≠ 改意思,但是搭配对象换了就是错选项(固定搭配对象错置是经典干扰项)。
· 推断 imply:不能选原文直接写出来的细节,要选合理概括。
· while 引导对比:前后感情色彩经常相反。
· doing 后置定语:先找准修饰哪个名词,很多长难句读不懂就是找错修饰对象。
· 读信息时注意信息分配到的位置 —— 上面的信息是总起,下面的信息是展开。

把这篇收好,做真题时对着看一遍

读不懂的长难句,多半是定语没找对;
选错的选项,多半是对象被换了。

考研英语阅读笔记 · 持续更新

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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000536s ] mysql:host=172.18.0.4;port=3306;dbname=www_sjds;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.000827s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000456s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000402s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000561s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000309s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000706s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 534858 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000473s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1793665552 WHERE `id` = 534858 [ RunTime:0.001256s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 64 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000339s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 534858 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000481s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 534858 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000431s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 534858 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.000838s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 534858 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.001286s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 534858 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.001134s ]
0.090893s