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Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
Text 2
In 1915, a worried mother from Maine wrote to the United States Children’s Bureau to ask why her son was rejecting a variety of foods. Could it be that he simply did not like them? The expert at the federal agency wholly dismissed that idea and suggested she take him to a doctor, assuming it must be stomach trouble. After all, voluntary food rejection was almost unheard of in America at the time. Children ate what their parents put in front of them, often asking for seconds and saying “please” and “thank you.”
Today, however, American children have become “the fussiest eaters in history.” In a newly published book, Helen Zoe Veit, an associate professor at Michigan State University, decries the profound shifts in adults’ behavior and thinking over the past century that have “allowed picky eating to hijack American childhood.”
Before the 20th century, the concept of “children’s food” did not exist. Youngsters possessed wild, boundless appetites, working them up because they exclusively ate at designated mealtimes. The contemporary rise of constant snacking, which results in a persistent lack of hunger, is one of the primary modern culprits for children’s finicky eating habits at the dinner table, Veit contends.
Beyond snacking, two major societal transformations occurred in the past century. The first involved changing attitudes concerning children’s independence. An influential study popularized in the mid-20th century tracked children eating whole foods in hospitals, observing that they made nutritious choices when left to their own devices. However, modern junk food was not on offer during that study. Nevertheless, this research was popularized in parenting manuals, convincing parents that children should be entrusted with more autonomy over their diets. Meanwhile, the proliferation of Freudian psychology, which contended that mothers were traumatizing children by forcing certain foods upon them, further softened parents’ attitudes. Banning treats, some psychologists argued, would only underscore their status as a prize.
The second significant change was the rapid ascent of supermarkets and processed foods. By the mid-1960s, the average American supermarket stocked 7,000 items—ten times as many as in the 1920s. For the first time, advertisers began targeting children directly. As one advertising executive at Kellogg’s noted in 1953, “In the old days children ate what their mothers bought; now the kids tell their mothers what to buy.”
Veit blames adults for treating food differently from essential safety habits like toothbrushing or wearing seat belts. Toddlers may resist buckling up, but adults overrule them because they know best. Why should it be any different with spinach or fish? Veit suggests fighting finicky eating by feeding the whole family the same meal and repeatedly introducing a rejected food. Although the author does not venture into other countries’ food cultures—which might have fortified her argument about American exceptionalism—her work remains a sensible and easily digestible account of how good parenting intentions went awry.
26. Why did the 1915 expert suggest the mother take her son to a doctor?[A] He believed the child's diet lacked essential nutrition.[B] He assumed the child's food rejection stemmed from a physical illness.
[C] He recognized the child was showing early signs of picky eating.
[D] He wanted to prescribe a specific diet for the fussy child.27. According to Veit, what contributes significantly to modern children's finicky eating?
[A] The absence of designated "children's food" in markets.
[B] The habit of eating between regular meals.
[C] Their innate biological preference for sweets.
[D] The lack of appealing recipes at the dinner table.
28. How did Freudian psychology influence parents' attitudes toward feeding?
[A] It warned them against the psychological harm of coercing children to eat.
[B] It encouraged them to use treats as a prize for good behavior.
[C] It proved that children naturally gravitate toward nutritious whole foods.
[D] It advised them to completely ban modern junk food from home.
29. Veit mentions "toothbrushing" and "seat belts" to argue that parents should ________.
[A] prioritize their children's physical safety over their dietary choices
[B] educate children about the long-term benefits of healthy habits
[C] exercise their authority in children's dietary choices as well
[D] compromise with children to avoid unnecessary family conflicts
30. What does the reviewer think is a shortcoming of Veit's book?
[A] It fails to provide practical solutions for finicky eating at home.
[B] It lacks a comparative perspective with international dietary customs.
[C] It places too much blame on well-intentioned parents.
[D] It oversimplifies the complex history of American supermarkets.
附注:根据历年考研英语真题阅读题源外刊等,摘选最新文章,模拟仿真出题。
参考答案见以下。
Quick look: BBACB
26.【正确答案】B
【解析】题型:事实细节题
定位: 第一段第三句“The expert at the federal agency wholly dismissed that idea and suggested she take him to a doctor, assuming it must be stomach trouble.”(联邦机构的专家完全否定了这种想法,并建议她带孩子去看医生,认为这肯定是胃病。)
分析: 原文明确指出,1915年的专家认为孩子拒绝食物不可能是因为“不喜欢”,而肯定是身体出了问题(胃病 / stomach trouble),因此建议去看医生。选项 B“他假设孩子拒绝食物源于身体疾病(physical illness)”是对“stomach trouble”的精准同义替换。
干扰项:[A] 他认为孩子的饮食缺乏基本营养,原文未提及营养问题;[C] 他认识到孩子表现出挑食的早期迹象,与原文事实相反,专家“完全否定(wholly dismissed)”了挑食的想法;[D] 他想为这个挑剔的孩子开一份特定的食谱,原文只说去看医生,未提及开特定食谱。
27.【正确答案】B
【解析】题型:事实细节题
定位: 第三段最后一句“The contemporary rise of constant snacking, which results in a persistent lack of hunger, is one of the primary modern culprits for children’s finicky eating habits at the dinner table, Veit contends.”(Veit认为,当代不断吃零食的现象导致了持续的缺乏饥饿感,这是孩子们在餐桌上养成挑食习惯的主要现代罪魁祸首之一。)
分析: 作者明确指出,现代儿童挑食的主要罪魁祸首(primary modern culprits)之一是“不断吃零食(constant snacking)”。选项 B“在正餐之间吃东西的习惯(eating between regular meals)”完美对应了 snacking 的含义。
干扰项:[A] 市场上缺乏专门的“儿童食品”,原文说20世纪前没有儿童食品,孩子们胃口却很好,现代反而有了儿童食品;[C] 他们天生对甜食的生物学偏好,原文未探讨生物学层面的偏好;[D] 餐桌上缺乏吸引人的食谱,属于无中生有。
28.【正确答案】A
【解析】题型:事实细节题
定位: 第四段第四句“Meanwhile, the proliferation of Freudian psychology, which contended that mothers were traumatizing children by forcing certain foods upon them, further softened parents’ attitudes.”(与此同时,弗洛伊德心理学的传播进一步软化了父母的态度,该心理学认为母亲强迫孩子吃某些食物是在给他们造成心理创伤。)
分析: 原文指出,弗洛伊德心理学主张“强迫吃某些食物会给孩子造成创伤(traumatizing children by forcing certain foods)”,从而改变了父母的态度。选项 A“它警告他们强迫(coercing)孩子进食会带来心理伤害(psychological harm)”是对原文的准确概括。
干扰项:[B] 它鼓励他们把零食作为良好行为的奖品,原文最后一句提到心理学家认为“禁止零食只会凸显其作为奖品的地位”,是反对禁止零食,而非鼓励用作奖品;[C] 它证明了孩子天生倾向于有营养的天然食物,这是前面提到的上世纪四五十年代的一项医院研究(influential study),并非弗洛伊德心理学的观点;[D] 它建议他们彻底禁止家里出现现代垃圾食品,与原文心理学家反对“banning treats(禁止零食)”的观点相反。
29.【正确答案】C
【解析】题型:例证推断题
定位: 第六段第一、二、三句“Veit blames adults for treating food differently from essential safety habits like toothbrushing or wearing seat belts. Toddlers may resist buckling up, but adults overrule them because they know best. Why should it be any different with spinach or fish?”
分析: 作者指出,在刷牙或系安全带这种事上,即使孩子反抗,大人也会凭借权威“否决他们(overrule them)”。紧接着作者反问:“为什么在吃菠菜或鱼时就要有所不同呢?”这说明作者举这两个例子,是为了论证在饮食问题上,父母也应该像对待安全习惯一样,行使自己的权威,不向孩子妥协。选项 C“在孩子的饮食选择上也行使他们的权威(exercise their authority)”准确揭示了作者的写作意图。
干扰项:[A] 将孩子的身体安全置于饮食选择之上,作者的意思是饮食和安全一样重要,需要同等对待,而非谁优先;[B] 教育孩子养成健康习惯的长期益处,原文强调的是大人的“强制(overrule)”,而不是“教育(educate)”;[D] 与孩子妥协以避免不必要的家庭冲突,这与作者呼吁的“行使权威(overrule)”完全相反。
30.【正确答案】B
【解析】题型:观点态度题
定位: 第六段倒数第二句“Although the author does not venture into other countries’ food cultures—which might have fortified her argument about American exceptionalism—her work remains a sensible and easily digestible account...”
分析: 书评人在最后指出,该书作者Veit“没有涉足其他国家的饮食文化(does not venture into other countries’ food cultures)”,而这本来是可以增强她关于美国特殊论的论点的。这表明书评人认为该书在跨文化比较上存在缺失。选项 B“它缺乏与国际饮食习俗的比较视角(comparative perspective)”精准对应了书评人指出的这一不足。
干扰项:[A] 它未能提供在家应对挑食的实用解决方案,原文前文明确提到了她的建议(如全家吃同样的饭,反复引入被拒绝的食物);[C] 它把太多的责任推给了好心的父母,这是书评人总结书的内容(好心办坏事),并未将其视为缺点;[D] 它把美国超市复杂的历史过于简单化了,属于无中生有。
【词汇注释】
fussy/finicky: adjective (EATING) very careful or too careful about choosing or accepting things 挑剔的(尤指对食物)
decry: verb (CRITICIZE) to publicly criticize something as being undesirable or harmful 谴责;公开批评
boundless: adjective (LIMITLESS) having no limit 无限的;无边无际的
culprit: noun (CAUSE) a fact or situation that is the reason for something bad happening 罪魁祸首;问题的起因
leave to one's own devices: idiom to allow someone to make their own decisions about what to do 任由某人自行其是
autonomy: noun (INDEPENDENCE) the right of an organization, country, or region to be independent and govern itself 自治权;自主权
proliferation: noun (INCREASE) the fact of something increasing a lot and suddenly in number or amount 激增;广泛传播
traumatize: verb (HARM) to cause someone to become very shocked and upset 造成创伤;使受精神创伤
awry: adjective (WRONG) not in the intended way 出岔子;出错(go awry 指事与愿违)【参考译文】
1915年,一位来自缅因州忧心忡忡的母亲写信给美国儿童局,询问为什么她的儿子拒绝吃各种食物。有没有可能他就是不喜欢吃?这家联邦机构的专家完全否定了这种想法,并建议她带孩子去看医生,认为这肯定是胃病。毕竟,当时在美国,主动拒绝食物几乎是闻所未闻的。孩子们会吃父母放在他们面前的任何东西,经常还要求添饭,并且会说“请”和“谢谢”。
然而今天,美国儿童已经成为“历史上最挑食的食客”。密歇根州立大学副教授海伦·佐伊·维特(Helen Zoe Veit)在一本新书中,谴责了过去一个世纪以来成年人在行为和思想上发生的深刻转变,这些转变“让挑食劫持了美国的童年”。
在20世纪之前,并不存在“儿童食品”这样的概念。年轻人们有着疯狂、无限的胃口,他们的食欲旺盛是因为他们只在规定的进餐时间吃东西。维特认为,当代不断吃零食的现象导致了持续的缺乏饥饿感,这是孩子们在餐桌上养成挑食习惯的主要现代罪魁祸首之一。
除了吃零食之外,过去一个世纪还发生了两大社会变革。首先是关于儿童独立性态度的转变。20世纪中期流行的一项有影响力的研究,追踪了在医院吃天然食品的儿童,观察到当任由他们自己做主时,他们会做出有营养的选择。然而,当时那项研究并没有提供现代垃圾食品。尽管如此,这项研究在育儿手册中被广泛传播,让父母们相信应该赋予孩子们更多决定自己饮食的自主权。与此同时,弗洛伊德心理学的广泛传播进一步软化了父母的态度,该心理学认为,母亲强迫孩子吃某些食物是在给他们造成心理创伤。一些心理学家认为,禁止吃零食只会凸显零食作为奖品的地位。
第二个重大变化是超市和加工食品的迅速崛起。到了20世纪60年代中期,美国普通超市备有7000种商品——是20年代的十倍。广告商首次开始直接将目标对准儿童。正如食品公司家乐氏(Kellogg’s)的一位广告主管在1953年指出的那样:“在过去,母亲买什么,孩子就吃什么;现在,是孩子告诉母亲该买什么。”
维特责备成年人对待食物的态度不同于刷牙或系安全带这些基本的安全习惯。幼儿可能会抗拒系安全带,但成年人会凭借权威否决他们,因为大人知道怎样做最好。为什么在吃菠菜或鱼时就要有所不同呢?维特建议通过让全家吃同样的饭菜,以及在孩子拒绝某种食物后继续反复提供它,来对抗挑食。尽管作者没有涉足其他国家的饮食文化——这本可以加强她关于美国特殊论的论点——但她的著作依然是一部明智且通俗易懂的读物,讲述了良好的育儿初衷是如何事与愿违的。
附注:
本篇 Flesch–Kincaid 可读性指标(估算英文文章纯语言阅读难度,数值越大代表难度越大,十分制)评分为 6.5 。参考:2026年英语(一)真题四篇评分分别为 7.5、7.5、8.5、8.0,英语(二)为5.0、6.0、6.0、5.5;2025年英语(一)真题四篇评分分别为 7.0、8.0、7.5、9.0,英语(二)为5.5、6.5、6.0、7.0。在话题熟悉度,逻辑复杂度、段落结构线索丰富度方面综合指标(数值越大代表难度越大,十分制)评分为 6.0。参考:2026年英语(一)真题四篇评分分别为 7.0、7.5、9.0、9.5,英语(二)为5.0,5.5、6.0、5.5;2025年英语(一)真题四篇评分分别为 6.5、8.5、7.5、9.5,英语(二)为5.0、6.5、6.0、6.5。
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