长难句精读丨Vol.01-考研真题实例句子解读

On first hearing,this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with "reforms" to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness.

主句：On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor

分词状语：trying to change lives for the better, complete with "reforms" to an obviously indulgent system

定语从句：that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness

①本句是主从复合句，On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor 为主系表结构，阐述“乍听之下，这是那位关心社会的财政大臣”这一主要印象。

翻译：乍一听，这位大臣心系社会。

②分词短语作状语：trying to change lives for the better, complete with  "reforms" to an obviously indulgent system，与主句为伴随关系，具体描述这位大臣的作为和姿态，即“努力改善民生”并“推行了对某个制度的改革”。

分词状语结构：trying to change lives for the better (目的伴随) + complete with  "reforms"  to... system (状态补充)。trying... 是现在分词短语，说明主语 chancellor 的意图。 complete with... 是形容词短语作状语，补充主语的“装备”或“特点”，指出他带有“改革”。 to an obviously indulgent system 是介词短语作后置定语，修饰 "reforms" ，说明改革的对象。

③定语从句：that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness，是一个限制性定语从句，用来修饰限定先行词 system，具体说明这个制度为何被描述为“纵容”。

翻译：该制度因对刚失业的人找工作的能动性要求非常低，从而助长了他们的惰性。

语法成分：On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with "reforms" to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness.

状语: On first hearing

主语: this

谓语: was

表语: the socially concerned chancellor

伴随状语: trying to change lives for the better

伴随状语: complete with "reforms" to an obviously indulgent system

定语从句：that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness

【翻译】：乍一听，这位大臣心系社会，正通过“改革”一个过于宽容的制度来改善民生。该制度因对刚失业的人找工作的能动性要求非常低，从而助长了他们的惰性。

What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for "fundamental fairness"---protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.

本文节选自2013年6月23日的《卫报》（The Guardian），原文题目《英国议会在语言和行为上出现新的野蛮主义》（"In Language and Action, There's a New Brutalism in Westminster"）。本文开篇指出，英国财政大臣提出的一项名为“预求职”的计划，第二段介绍了该计划的具体措施和目的，即减少人们对救济金的依赖，积极地寻找工作，但作者对该计划的理念表示质疑。第三段和第四段作者阐述了质疑的原因并提出了自己的观点：这项看似合理且公正的计划并非意在帮助失业者，而是在保护纳税人，它背离了福利制度的原则。