2025年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第三套)Part III Reading Comprehension 的 Section B 和 Section C
- 2026-09-27 16:31:35
2025年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第三套)Part III Reading Comprehension 的 Section B 和 Section CA) Ageism and long-term unemployment are most damaging for those in the second half of their careers. Changing careers is hard. Getting back into work after you’ve been laid off is even harder. Those over 45 make up the bulk of the long-term unemployed, in America and elsewhere. Hiring managers admit they are reluctant to hire those over 40 or 45, arguing they probably won’t be a good “fit,” their experience won’t be relevant to the workplace, and they’ll be unable or unwilling to learn new skills. B) But the one thing that can really make a difference? More education and training. These are the results from a new study by Generation, a nonprofit founded by former McKinsey consultants. They’ve just published a global survey on midcareer employment, based on surveys of over 5,000 workers and managers in seven countries. C) “Older midcareer workers...make up the bulk of the long-term unemployed in many countries,” Generation’s analysts write in their report. Those over 45 comprise over 40% of the long-term unemployed, for example. And if you’re out of work past the age of 45, there’s nearly a two in three chance you’ll be out of work for over a year, they find. “Midcareer individuals are finding it harder to get jobs,” they write. “People age 45+ face persistent and rising pressure in the global job market. They are unemployed for much longer than the average, and their age is indeed one of the greatest barriers to their finding a job.” D) A substantial part of this, they report, is “widespread ageism” on the part of hiring managers. Although such managers admit that post-45 hires turn out on average to be just as good as or better than younger workers, they still don’t want to hire them. “Hiring managers have a strong perception bias against 45+ job candidates — they believe that members of this age group have poor skills and low adaptability,” Generation’s analysts report. E) The survey results are remarkable. Hiring managers are three times as likely to rate job applicants age 35-44 as a better “fit” than those over 45. They rate the post-45 job seekers lower on average on all three measures — even experience — than those ages 18 to 34. This is true even though nearly nine managers in 10 also said their post-45 workers were as good as or better than younger employees in the same jobs. F) Their biggest fears about hiring those over 45? Managers said they worry that older hires will be reluctant to try new technologies, and will be unable to learn new skills. Besides, the majority of hiring managers are under 45 — and seem reluctant to hire people older than themselves. G) But here’s the good news. Older workers who’ve actively engaged in more education and training relevant to their jobs turn this pretty much on its head. Three-quarters of hiring managers said they’d be more likely to hire an over-45 who had relevant education, training or credentials. Among those over 45 who’d successfully switched careers, 74% said training helped them get their new job. H) “Midcareer switchers overwhelmingly say that training enabled them to shift to a new career path,” the analysts write. And when they asked over-45 candidates about their attitudes, they found that “those who are excited by training are unemployed for less time, receive more job offers, and are more satisfied by the job offers they receive.” I) Hiring managers said training was three times more likely to get them to hire applicants over age 45 than, say, government subsidies. What training are we talking about? Obviously it depends on the job. And, yes, managers are most likely to be impressed by industry qualifications you get in school. These things cost money, and time. But these aren’t the only things helpful. Those who had successfully changed careers after 45 told Generation that education and training had been a big help — and that included in-person, on-the-job training, “informal learning,” and online courses — with or without certification. J) If they think we’re too old to learn new skills after we’re 45, just learning some new skills may have an effect on its own. There’s a downside to this. The people least interested in retraining are more likely to come from historically disadvantaged communities, more likely to have low incomes, and are more likely to have the least schooling after getting their high-school diploma or earlier. On average, post-45 job switchers with higher incomes participate in 2.5 training programs each. Those with lower incomes: 0.9 programs on average. K) Many years ago, I wrote about a study which found that employers are much more likely to hire a college graduate who has some work experience in the industry than a college graduate who took the “right” degree. A bank is more likely to hire a literature graduate who spent their summers working in their local bank than a finance or economics graduate who spent their summers surfing or traveling around Italy. They’ve learned through long experience. The person who worked in the bank is more likely ready, willing and able to be part of the team and do the job from day 1. L) We can rail against “ageism” all we like. It gets us nowhere. And it’s easy to forget that employers, like everyone else, are under time pressure and are just trying to solve problems. Any and all “training,” including inexpensive and informal training, is going to help resolve their worries about hiring someone over 45. And it has never been easier or cheaper to gain instruction in new skills, thanks to the internet. Online schools like Udemy and Lynda.com offer sweet deals at signup. And courses on YouTube are free. M) Bottom line? Yes, it really can be difficult getting a new job after age 45, let alone changing careers. One of the best things we can do to help ourselves is to go online and learn new, relevant skills. Sadly, the people who most need the help are least likely to take it — which raises a challenge for society as a whole. Not only do we not want to see lives go to waste, but we all benefit if more people are working and fewer are unemployed. A) 年龄歧视和长期失业对于那些处于职业生涯后半段的人危害最大。转行很难，而被解雇后再就业则更难。在美国和其他地方，在长期失业者当中，45岁以上的人占了大多数。招聘经理承认，他们不太愿意雇用40岁或45岁以上的人，理由是这些人很可能与公司“不太契合”，他们的经验可能与职场不相关，而且他们可能无法或是不愿学习新技能。 B) 但真正能带来改变的办法是什么？那就是更多的教育和培训。这些是由前麦肯锡顾问创立的非营利组织“世代”的一项新研究得出的结论。他们刚刚发布了一项关于职业生涯中期就业情况的全球调查报告，该报告基于对七个国家的5000多名员工和管理人员所做的调查。 C) 世代的分析师在其报告中写道：“职业生涯中期的大龄从业者……在许多国家都占据了长期失业群体的主体。”例如，45岁以上的人群占长期失业者的40%以上。他们发现，如果45岁以后失业，那么有将近三分之二的可能性会失业超过一年。“处于职业生涯中期的人发现找工作更难了，”他们写道，“45岁以上的人在全球就业市场面临着持续且不断加剧的压力。他们的失业时间远超平均水平，年龄确实是他们找工作的最大障碍之一。” D) 他们报告称，其中很大一部分原因是招聘经理“普遍存在的年龄歧视”。尽管这些经理承认，从实际表现来看，45岁以上的员工平均而言与年轻员工一样出色甚至更优秀，但他们仍然不想聘用这些人。“招聘经理对45岁以上的求职者存在强烈的认知偏见——他们认为这个年龄段的人技能差、适应能力差。”世代的分析师报告称。 E) 该调查结果令人瞩目。招聘经理认为，35至44岁的求职者更“适合”岗位的可能性是45岁以上求职者的三倍。在所有三项衡量标准上，他们对45岁以上求职者的打分平均都低于18至34岁的求职者，甚至在工作经验这一项上也不例外。情况确实如此，尽管近九成的经理也表示，45岁以上的员工在相同岗位上的表现与年轻员工一样出色，甚至更出色。 F) 他们对于聘用45岁以上员工最大的担忧是什么呢？经理们表示，他们担心年长的员工不愿尝试新技术，也无法学习新技能。此外，大多数招聘经理都不到45岁，而且似乎不太愿意聘用比自己年长的人。 G) 但好消息来了。那些积极参加与工作相关的更多教育和培训的年长员工，几乎完全扭转了这一局面。四分之三的招聘经理表示，他们更有可能雇用45岁以上且拥有相关教育、培训或文凭的求职者。在那些成功转行的45岁以上的员工中，74%的人表示培训帮助他们获得了新工作。 H) 分析人员写道：“处于职业生涯中期的转行者绝大多数都表示，培训使其成功转到新的职业赛道。”当他们询问年龄在45岁以上的求职者的态度时，他们发现“那些对培训充满热情的人失业时间更短，获得的工作邀约更多，对所获得的工作邀约也更满意。” I) 招聘经理们表示，相比于政府补贴等因素，培训让45岁以上的求职者被录用的可能性要高出三倍。那么，我们所说的培训具体指的是什么呢？显然，这取决于具体的工作岗位。而且，没错，经理们最有可能对你在学校所获得的行业相关资质留下深刻的印象。这些都需要花钱和时间。但这些并非唯一有所助益的因素。那些在45岁之后成功转行的人告诉世代，教育和培训起到了很大的帮助作用——这包括面对面的在职培训、“非正式学习”以及在线课程——无论是否有证书。 J) 如果他们认为我们45岁之后就无法学习新技能了，那么仅仅学习一些新技能本身或许就能产生效果。但这也存在一些弊端。那些对再培训最不感兴趣的人更有可能来自历来处于不利地位的社区，更有可能收入较低，并且在获得高中文凭后（甚至更早）就没再接受过多少教育。平均而言，45岁以后换工作的高收入者每人会参加2.5个培训项目。而那些低收入者平均每人参加0.9个项目。 K) 多年以前，我曾写过一篇关于一项研究的文章，该研究发现，雇主更有可能雇用在行业有一定工作经验的大学毕业生，而不是仅仅拥有“对口”学位的大学毕业生。一家银行更有可能雇用一位暑假曾在当地银行工作的文学专业毕业生，而不是一位在暑假期间冲浪或在意大利四处旅行的金融或经济学专业的毕业生。长期的实践经验教会他们：在银行工作过的那个人更有可能在入职第一天就做好充分准备、积极主动且有能力融入团队并胜任工作。 L) 我们尽可以抨击“年龄歧视”，但这毫无用处。而且人们很容易忽视，雇主和其他人一样，也面临着时间压力，他们只是在努力解决问题。任何形式的“培训”，包括低成本的非正式培训，都将有助于解决他们对于招聘45岁以上员工的担忧。而且，得益于互联网，获取新技能指导变得前所未有地容易和便宜。像Udemy和Lynda.com这样的在线学校在注册时提供优惠套餐。而YouTube上的课程更是完全免费。 M) 最终结论是什么呢？的确，45岁之后找一份新工作确实会很困难，更别提转行了。我们最能帮到自己的一件事，就是上网学习新的、相关的技能。令人遗憾的是，最需要这种帮助的人却最不可能去这样做——这给整个社会带来了挑战。我们不仅不想看到人们的生活白白浪费掉，而且如果能有更多的人就业、更少的人失业，那对我们所有人而言都有利。 Hiring managers believe unemployed workers over 45 lack good skills and are less adaptable. 答案：D 定位提示： hiring managers / over 45 / poor skills / low adaptability → D段 “Hiring managers have a strong perception bias against 45+ job candidates — they believe that members of this age group have poor skills and low adaptability.” Switching to a new career is difficult and getting reemployed after a layoff is even tougher. 答案：A 定位提示： switching to a new career / getting reemployed after a layoff → A段 “Changing careers is hard. Getting back into work after you’ve been laid off is even harder.” People from poor neighborhoods tend to have the least interest in retraining. 答案：J 定位提示： poor neighborhoods / least interest in retraining → J段 “The people least interested in retraining are more likely to come from historically disadvantaged communities, more likely to have low incomes...” Hiring managers who are not yet 45 years old seem unwilling to hire people their senior. 答案：F 定位提示： hiring managers under 45 / unwilling to hire older people → F段 “the majority of hiring managers are under 45 — and seem reluctant to hire people older than themselves.” Some analysts find age 45+ jobless workers are most likely to be unemployed for more than a year. 答案：C 定位提示： analysts / 45+ jobless / unemployed for more than a year → C段 “And if you’re out of work past the age of 45, there’s nearly a two in three chance you’ll be out of work for over a year, they find.” People who had succeeded in career change after 45 told a nonprofit organization they owed a great deal to the education and training they had received. 答案：I 定位提示： career change after 45 / nonprofit organization / education and training → I段 “Those who had successfully changed careers after 45 told Generation that education and training had been a big help...” Older workers who actively pursue more education and training have a good chance of being hired. 答案：G 定位提示： older workers / actively pursue education and training / more likely to be hired → G段 “Older workers who’ve actively engaged in more education and training relevant to their jobs turn this pretty much on its head. Three-quarters of hiring managers said they’d be more likely to hire an over-45...” A new study finds that more education and training helps midcareer individuals find a new job. 答案：B 定位提示： new study / more education and training / midcareer → B段 “But the one thing that can really make a difference? More education and training. These are the results from a new study by Generation...” Owing to the internet, it is now more convenient than ever to receive training in new skills. 答案：L 定位提示： internet / more convenient / training in new skills → L段 “it has never been easier or cheaper to gain instruction in new skills, thanks to the internet.” People over 45 stimulated by training suffer shorter periods of unemployment, get more job offers and have greater satisfaction in them. 答案：H 定位提示： over 45 / excited by training / unemployed for less time / more job offers / more satisfied → H段 “those who are excited by training are unemployed for less time, receive more job offers, and are more satisfied by the job offers they receive.” Section B 是四级阅读中典型的段落信息匹配题，通常文章后有10个陈述句，要求判断信息来自哪一段。它不按顺序出题，难度在于“同义替换”和“定位”。 先读题干，划关键词 不要先通读全文。先看36—45题，每句划出： 人名、机构名、时间、数字 动词短语 形容词最高级 因果关系、转折关系 特殊名词，如 Generation、hiring managers、retraining、internet 等 例如： 36题关键词：hiring managers / over 45 / poor skills / low adaptability 37题关键词：switching career / layoff / reemployed 40题关键词：analysts / 45+ / unemployed more than a year 44题关键词：internet / training / new skills 带着关键词扫读段落 不要逐词翻译。重点看每段： 首句 末句 转折词 however / but / yet 引号内容 数字、专有名词 比较级、最高级 识别同义替换 这是匹配题核心。例如： lack good skills and are less adaptable = have poor skills and low adaptability switching to a new career = changing careers getting reemployed after a layoff = getting back into work after you’ve been laid off poor neighborhoods = historically disadvantaged communities least interest in retraining = least interested in retraining not yet 45 = under 45 unwilling to hire people their senior = reluctant to hire people older than themselves unemployed for more than a year = out of work for over a year career change after 45 = successfully changed careers after 45 education and training = education and training actively pursue more education and training = actively engaged in more education and training more convenient = easier or cheaper stimulated by training = excited by training shorter periods of unemployment = unemployed for less time greater satisfaction = more satisfied 注意“一段可多用” 题干说明“You may choose a paragraph more than once”，所以不要因为某段用过就排除。但本套题中多数段落只对应一题。 先易后难 先做带明显专有名词、数字、引号的题，如： 41题 Generation → I段 44题 internet → L段 40题 45+ / over a year → C段 39题 under 45 → F段 再做抽象概括题，如： 37题 switching career / layoff → A段 43题 new study / midcareer → B段 控制时间 建议 Section B 用时 10—12分钟。不要在某一段纠结太久。若两个选项都像，优先选有明确同义替换的。 常见干扰 题干中的词在多个段落出现，但逻辑不符。 段落提到同一主题，但并非题干所问的具体信息。 张冠李戴：如把“招聘经理的偏见”说成“分析师的发现”。 范围扩大或缩小：如“some older workers”变成“all older workers”。 Section C 包括两篇 Passage。 New York’s Eleven Madison Park has become the first vegan restaurant to be awarded three Michelin stars. The fine dining establishment received its first three-star Michelin rating in 2011 when the menu was famed for its fancy animal-based dishes. However, last year, the restaurant’s co-owner and famous chef, Daniel Humm, made the bold decision to remove meat from the menu, citing our unsustainable food system. While cow milk is still served for tea and coffee, the menu is almost 100 percent vegan. At the time, Humm acknowledged the move was risky, admitting that it wasn’t clear if guests would come, but called the gamble “a risk worth taking.” “In view of the climate crisis, I didn’t want to open the same restaurant,” Humm told the Financial Times in an interview. “If we can show the possibilities of eating plant-based food in this setting, it can open a lot of doors” for others to follow. Now, this impressive new accomplishment validates Eleven Madison Park’s decision to take meat off the menu and embrace plant-based foods, with Michelin’s 2022 New York guide branding it a “bold vision of luxury dining.” “We took the jump to transform Eleven Madison Park into a plant-based fine dining restaurant knowing in our hearts this is what we believed in,” stated Humm on Instagram. “Last night, we were honored to be awarded three Michelin stars for the 11th year in a row. I am so grateful to the team members who contributed through its nearly 25-year history. We are also grateful to our guests and partners who believed in our vision and encouraged us to push harder?” Three Michelin stars is the highest award, given to chefs who are at the peak of their profession. “Their cooking is elevated to an art form and some of their dishes are destined to become classics,” reads Michelin’s website, in a clear nod to plant-based foods’ growing significance in the culinary world. “I think luxury companies have a real role to play and a responsibility,” says Humm. “The more creative we are, the more beautiful and delicious our future will be.” 纽约麦迪逊公园11号餐厅成为首家获得米其林三星评级的素食餐厅。 这家高级餐厅于2011年首次获得米其林三星评级，当时其菜单以精致的动物源菜品而闻名。 然而，去年，该餐厅的联合创始人、著名主厨丹尼尔·胡姆做出了大胆决定：将肉类从菜单中移除，理由是我们当前不可持续的食物体系。目前餐厅仍会提供牛奶以供搭配茶和咖啡，菜单则几乎100%为素食。 当时，胡姆承认这一举措存在风险，坦言“不确定顾客是否还会光顾”，但称此次冒险“值得一试”。 “鉴于气候危机，我不想再经营原来那样的餐厅。”胡姆在接受《金融时报》采访时表示，“如果我们能在这样的环境中展示植物饮食的可能性，就能打开很多扇大门”让其他同行效仿。 如今，这一令人瞩目的新成就印证了麦迪逊公园11号餐厅取消肉类菜品、推崇植物基饮食的决定是正确的。米其林2022年纽约指南将其誉为“奢华餐饮的大胆愿景”。 “我们毅然决定将麦迪逊公园11号餐厅转型为一家植物基高级餐厅，因为我们打心底里认同这份理念，”胡姆在社交媒体Instagram上表示，“昨晚，我们荣幸地连续第11年被授予米其林三星。我衷心感谢近25年来为餐厅发展做出贡献的团队成员，也感谢相信我们的愿景并鼓励我们不断奋进的顾客与合作伙伴。” 米其林三星是最高奖项，授予那些厨艺处于行业巅峰的主厨。米其林官网写道：“他们的烹饪已升华为一种艺术形式，部分菜品注定成为经典。”这显然是在认可植物基饮食在烹饪界日益增长的重要性。 “我认为高端餐饮品牌确实可以发挥作用，也负有责任，”胡姆说，“我们越有创造力，我们的未来就会越美好、越有滋味。” 文章主题：纽约麦迪逊公园11号餐厅成为首家米其林三星素食餐厅 What do we learn about New York’s Eleven Madison Park? A) It is the first vegan restaurant to receive the highest Michelin rating. B) It is the first restaurant in the city to remove meat from its menu. C) It was famed throughout the U.S. for its fancy regional dishes. D) It was established as a three-star Michelin restaurant in 2011. 答案：A 定位： 第1段。“New York’s Eleven Madison Park has become the first vegan restaurant to be awarded three Michelin stars.” Why did Daniel Humm decide to remove meat from the menu of his restaurant? A) To encourage more customers to be vegan. B) To contribute to a sustainable food system. C) To show the appeal of a plant-based menu. D) To strive for the three-star Michelin rating. 答案：B 定位： 第3段第1句。“made the bold decision to remove meat from the menu, citing our unsustainable food system.” What did Daniel Humm think of his move to a meat-free menu? A) It was a worthwhile effort even though he was unsure of its success. B) It would set a model for many more restaurants to follow. C) It was a mad gamble few chefs in the fine dining world would risk taking. D) It would prove a right step to take in today’s catering business. 答案：A 定位： 第4段。“Humm acknowledged the move was risky, admitting that it wasn’t clear if guests would come, but called the gamble ‘a risk worth taking.’” What does Michelin’s 2022 New York guide say about Eleven Madison Park’s decision? A) It elevates the restaurant’s cooking to an art form. B) It proves the validity of ratings awarded by Michelin. C) It shows a daring foresight regarding future fine dining. D) It is an effort to transform the restaurant into a luxury one. 答案：C 定位： 第6段第2句。“Michelin’s 2022 New York guide branding it a ‘bold vision of luxury dining.’” What does the awarding of three Michelin stars to Eleven Madison Park indicate? A) An optimistic vision of vegan foods becoming mainstream. B) A greater responsibility for the culinary world to undertake. C) A strong incentive for more restaurants to offer healthier foods to their customers. D) An explicit recognition of the rising importance of restaurants serving vegan food. 答案：D 定位： 倒数第二段最后一句。“in a clear nod to plant-based foods’ growing significance in the culinary world.” 题型特点 Passage One 是标准四级仔细阅读选择题，通常5题，顺序与文章顺序基本一致。题目多考查： 细节理解 同义替换 作者态度 因果关系 转折对比 解题步骤 先读题干，不读选项。 划关键词：人名、专有名词、比较对象、因果词。 回原文定位。 读定位句前后各一句。 对比选项，选“同义替换”项，不选“原词堆砌但逻辑错误”项。 本篇文章重点 46题：麦迪逊公园11号餐厅 → 首家获米其林三星的素食餐厅。 47题：胡姆移除肉类原因 → 为可持续食物体系做贡献。 48题：胡姆对转型的看法 → 不确定成功，但值得一试。 49题：米其林2022纽约指南评价 → 奢华餐饮的大胆愿景。 50题：获三星表明 → 对供应素食的餐厅日益重要性的明确认可。 注意转折 文章多次出现： However At the time Now in a clear nod to 这些地方最容易出题。尤其注意： 2011年以动物源菜品闻名，去年移除肉类。 胡姆承认风险，但认为值得。 米其林三星认可植物基饮食日益增长的重要性。 选项排除技巧 绝对化选项常错：all, never, completely, only。 无中生有常错：文章没提的内容。 张冠李戴常错：把“主厨的烹饪”说成“餐厅的烹饪”。 答非所问常错：观点正确，但不是题干所问。 With genetic testing becoming increasingly popular, many people are left wondering exactly how accurate it is. Whether you are taking a DNA test to build your extended DNA family tree, or want precise information on inborn health conditions, it is important to understand how accurate genetic tests are, and what information we can rely upon. How accurate DNA tests are relies greatly upon the kind of test being taken, on the specific question you ask, and on how complex the genetics behind a trait is. For example, tests for traits that depend on a single gene provide much more reliable results, because you can see whether a disease-causing trait is present. Ancestry tests claim to reveal our genetic identities. But saying you are 30 percent East Asian or American hardly reflects your real ancestry. What about using DNA tests to discover distant family members? There are tools to compare one’s DNA with others’ to find distant relatives based on their genetic identification. These kinds of applications are generally accurate. It’s relatively easy to tell whether two DNA samples belong to close relatives. With distant relatives, results become hazier. Genetic health tests claim to be able to detect certain hereditary diseases, or other health conditions. While certain rare diseases can be easily identified, most potential health conditions cannot be identified by genetic testing alone. The large majority of our traits and diseases also depend upon non-genetic factors, such as lifestyle, the environment, and many others. Genetic tests for multi-factorial traits are often very tricky to interpret. Height, for example, depends on hundreds of genes, each contributing a little to the outcome, together with a bunch of environmental factors. A test can look at many genes at once, but it’s difficult to predict how they will play together. Then you should also account for non-genetic factors that are not written in the DNA. Tests that offer to find your perfect romantic match and those claiming to predict personality or talents based on your DNA are pure nonsense. At the moment, the scientific bases for these applications are non-existent or incredibly weak. 随着基因检测日益普及，许多人不禁想知道它的准确性究竟如何。无论你是进行DNA检测来构建你的扩展DNA家谱，还是想获取关于先天健康状况的精准信息，了解基因检测的准确性以及哪些信息值得相信都是至关重要的。 DNA检测的准确性很大程度上取决于所进行的检测类型、你提出的具体问题，以及某个特征背后的基因机制的复杂程度。例如，针对由单个基因决定的特征的检测，其结果可靠性更高，因为你可以直接看到是否存在致病的特征。 血统检测声称能揭示我们的基因身份，但说你有30%的东亚或美洲血统时，几乎无法反映你真实的祖先。 利用DNA检测寻找远房亲戚怎么样？有一些工具可以将一个人的DNA与他人的DNA进行比对，根据基因特征寻找远亲。这类应用通常较为准确。判断两份DNA样本是否属于近亲相对容易。对于远亲，检测结果就变得较为模糊了。 基因健康检测声称能够检测某些遗传性疾病或其他健康状况。虽然某些罕见疾病可以较容易地识别出来，但大多数潜在的健康状况无法仅靠基因检测来识别。我们的大多数特征和疾病还取决于非遗传因素，例如生活方式、环境及许多其他因素。 针对多因素特征的基因检测往往难以解读。以身高为例，它取决于数百个基因，每个基因对结果的影响都很小，同时还受一系列环境因素的影响。检测可以同时分析多个基因，但很难预测它们将如何共同作用。此外，你还需要考虑那些未写入DNA的非遗传因素。 那些声称能通过DNA为你找到理想伴侣，以及预测性格或天赋的检测纯属无稽之谈。目前，这类应用的科学依据不存在，或者说极其薄弱。 文章主题：基因检测的准确性、适用范围与局限 What does the passage say is of importance regarding genetic tests? A) Knowing their accuracy. B) Evaluating their applicability. C) Utilizing the information they provide. D) Weighing the consequences they have. 答案：A 定位： 第1段第2句。“it is important to understand how accurate genetic tests are, and what information we can rely upon.” What kind of genetic tests tend to be comparatively reliable? A) Those complex enough to reveal the genetics behind a trait. B) Those looking for traits responsible for certain diseases. C) Those focusing on the specific questions being asked. D) Those looking for traits determined by a single gene. 答案：D 定位： 第2段第2句。“tests for traits that depend on a single gene provide much more reliable results...” What do we learn about genetic health tests from the passage? A) They are unable to identify certain hereditary diseases by themselves. B) They are generally unable to separate genetic and non-genetic factors. C) They cannot independently identify the majority of potential diseases. D) They cannot tell apart the impact of lifestyle and that of the environment. 答案：C 定位： 第5段第2句。“most potential health conditions cannot be identified by genetic testing alone.” What makes genetic tests for multi-factorial traits tricky to interpret? A) The challenge in determining the role of each individual gene. B) The difficulty of foretelling how the various genes will interact. C) The difficulty of telling genetic factors from environmental ones. D) The enormous work to identify the hundreds of genes involved. 答案：B 定位： 第6段第3句。“A test can look at many genes at once, but it’s difficult to predict how they will play together.” What does the passage say about DNA tests to predict personality or talents? A) They are solid scientific bases for application. B) They are helpful in finding a romantic match. C) They do not look promising at the moment. D) They do not make any sense at present. 答案：D 定位： 最后一段。“Tests that offer to find your perfect romantic match and those claiming to predict personality or talents based on your DNA are pure nonsense.” 文章主题 本文讨论： 基因检测准确性取决于检测类型、具体问题和基因机制复杂度。 单基因特征检测较可靠。 血统检测和远亲检测有局限。 基因健康检测对罕见病有效，但大多数潜在疾病不能仅靠基因检测识别。 多因素特征检测难解读。 预测性格、天赋或理想伴侣的DNA检测没有科学依据。 题目定位 51题：基因检测重要之处 → 了解其准确性。 52题：相对可靠的检测 → 单基因决定的特征检测。 53题：基因健康检测 → 不能独立识别大多数潜在疾病。 54题：多因素特征检测难解读 → 难以预测不同基因如何相互作用。 55题：预测性格或天赋的DNA检测 → 目前没有任何意义。 关键同义替换 knowing their accuracy = understand how accurate genetic tests are traits determined by a single gene = traits that depend on a single gene cannot independently identify the majority of potential diseases = most potential health conditions cannot be identified by genetic testing alone difficulty of foretelling how the various genes will interact = difficult to predict how they will play together do not make any sense = pure nonsense 注意逻辑关系 But：转折处常出题。 While：让步转折处常出题。 For example：举例处常出题。 At the moment：结论处常出题。 推断题技巧 55题问“What does the passage say about DNA tests to predict personality or talents?” 最后一段说： 这些检测“纯属无稽之谈”。 科学依据不存在或极其薄弱。 因此选D“They do not make any sense at present.” 不要选C“They do not look promising at the moment”，因为语气过弱，没有体现原文强烈的否定态度。 排除法 过于绝对的选项：only, never, completely, guarantee。 与原文矛盾的选项。 把“大多数潜在疾病不能仅靠基因检测识别”说成“无法识别某些遗传病”。 把“难以预测基因如何相互作用”说成“难以区分遗传和环境因素”。 先题后文：先读10个题干，划关键词。 定位优先：专有名词、数字、引号、最高级最先找。 同义替换：不要只找原词，要看改写。 段落可重复：不要因为一段选过就完全排除。 先易后难：明显题先做，抽象题后做。 时间控制：10—12分钟。 不要通读全文：扫读定位即可。 顺序原则：题目顺序通常与文章顺序一致。 定位句前后：答案常在定位句前一句或后一句。 同义替换：正确选项多为原文改写。 转折重点：but, however, yet, on the other hand 后常出答案。 观点题：注意 researchers found, scientists argue, advocates argue。 推断题：不选原文直接复述，选合理推断。 排除法：绝对化、无中生有、张冠李戴、答非所问。 时间控制：两篇共约18—20分钟。 题号 答案 36 D 37 A 38 J 39 F 40 C 41 I 42 G 43 B 44 L 45 H 题号 答案 46 A 47 B 48 A 49 C 50 D 题号 答案 51 A 52 D 53 C 54 B 55 D
一、Section B 原文与汉语译文
45岁以后找工作
汉语译文
45岁以后找工作
Section B 答题策略
Section B 答题策略
二、Section C 原文与汉语译文
Passage One
汉语译文
Passage One 答题策略
Passage One 答题策略
Passage Two
汉语译文
Passage Two 答题策略
Passage Two 答题策略
三、Section B 与 Section C 通用答题策略
Section B 段落信息匹配
Section C 仔细阅读
四、答案速查
Section B
Section C Passage One
Section C Passage Two
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