2024年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第一套)Part III Reading Comprehension 的 Section B 和 Section C
- 2026-10-08 21:35:36
2024年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第一套)Part III Reading Comprehension 的 Section B 和 Section CA) Few topics have been so endlessly analysed as work-life balance. The quest to attain this mysterious state has dominated discussion around careers for years—especially for working parents. The concept is often presented as something to achieve, or a goal to reach. And once you've reached it, congratulations: you've made it; you're a successful human being of the 21st century. B) But the problem is that we often tell ourselves: "I'm going to put in eight hours' worth of work, and then I'm going to put in eight hours' worth of me time', which will include my family, my hobbies, my workout, my everything," says Anat Lechner, clinical associate professor of management at New York University. "I don't think it's such a simple formula." C) And, according to new findings, it may not be. Some researchers are now encouraging us to stop thinking about work-life balance as an achievement that you either hit or don't. Instead, they suggest it may be more of a lifelong process—a continuous, never-ending exercise that requires self-awareness and timely adjustments. Researchers Ioana Lupu and Mayra Ruiz-Castro argue that work-life balance is "a cycle, not an achievement" In their 2020 study, the researchers interviewed nearly 80 employees at two London-based firms—an equal number of men and women between the ages of 30 and 50, all with at least one dependent child—who worked in middle or senior management roles. D) Although it sounds like the respondents had a lot in common, here's what separated them: about 30% of the men and 50% of the women reported resisting working long hours. The other respondents, meanwhile, all worked long hours because they thought that's what successful professionals should do. E) Lupu and Ruiz-Castro looked at those who rejected the long hours and they found that those workers actually had strikingly similar strategies for maintaining their work-life balance. They had a tendency to reflect and question assumptions in the name of self-awareness and regularly took steps to adjust the things standing in their way to work-life balance. F) Lupu and Ruiz-Castro identified five steps that the respondents in the study who had better work-life balance used in their jobs. First, they paused and reconsidered beliefs such as "I'm a professional, so I should work, work, work", and asked themselves questions like, "What's currently causing me stress?" Second, after identifying the cause, they zeroed in on their resultant emotions. Did they feel angry, sad, energised? Third, they reprioritised, asking "Is working long hours really worth cutting back on family time?", for example. Fourth, they considered their alternatives: is there anything at work that could be changed to accommodate these new priorities? And finally, they implemented changes, like asking their supervisor for greater flexibility, or deciding not to take on every project that comes their way. G) This five-step process is something anyone can adopt. Going through the steps, and constantly checking in with yourself can help you shift and adapt your professional life to something that will better harmonise with your personal one. "Awareness of your emotional state is essential in order to determine the changes you want to make in your work and in your life," says Lupu. H) New York University's Lechner agrees that finding that balance is an ongoing pursuit. It's not simply about dividing up the hours in your day between work, the gym, kids and chores. If the underlying emotional sources of stress are still there, then the time you actually spend at home may not be enjoyable. "We come home and even though physically we are there, mentally we still may be processing things that happened at work. We're not present," she says. What we call "work-life balance" is actually just a substitute to having a sense of fulfillment and contentment. I) Of course, finding that balance probably shouldn't be something you have to do by yourself. Research by Erin Kelly, professor of work and organisation studies at MIT, shows companies and managers can play a key role in creating a better environment for workers. For her book Overload: How Good Jobs Went Bad and What to Do about It, she and co-author Phyllis Moen split more than 1,000 employees at a Fortune 500 company into two groups, one that worked under a management redesign and one that continued working within the existing management structure. J) Under the management redesign, many steps were taken to ensure better work-life balance and prevent burnout. Managers were regularly reminded to explicitly support their employees. Workers were allowed to make changes, like cancelling 9 am meetings. All of this was done in the name of increasing job satisfaction and giving workers greater flexibility, and to assure workers that it was something management was committed to. Unsurprisingly, Kelly and Moen found that employees in the redesign group reported less stress and less burnout. They were less likely to quit their jobs; indeed, over the next four years, they were 40% less likely to quit than those who kept working under the old policies. K) "Work-life balance is understood to be an individual's response, so people think it's up to me to manage the craziness of my work life", says Kelly. But organisations need to examine the demands they're placing on employees. "The root problem is not how the two pieces of work and life come together. It's that we have unrealistic expectations of what we're asked to do on the work side." If your workplace isn't an environment where work-life balance is possible in the first place, any effort you attempt to make toward it on a personal level will be in vain. L) That's a conversation that appears to be gathering pace. The new prevalence of remote and flexible working models will likely all play important roles in how we balance our professional and personal lives. And if it seems like finding that perfect balance remains difficult to achieve, the experts say that keeping some perspective can help. For millions of people, work is about being able to put food on the table. Talking about work-life balance "is a very privileged conversation", says Lechner. "If we're reflecting, maybe we should also reflect on that." A) 很少有话题像工作与生活的平衡这样被无休止地分析。多年来，对这种神秘状态的追求主导了围绕职业展开的讨论，尤其是对于职场父母而言。这个概念通常被呈现为要实现的东西或者要达成的目标。一旦你已经达成这个目标，恭喜你：你成功了；你是21世纪的成功人士。 B) 但问题是我们经常告诉自己：“我要投入8小时的时间去工作，然后投入8小时的‘个人时间’，这包括我的家庭、我的爱好、我的锻炼、我的一切，”纽约大学管理学临床副教授阿纳特·莱希纳说，“我认为这不是一个简单的公式。” C) 而且根据新的发现，它可能不是（一项成就）。一些研究人员现在鼓励我们不要再把工作与生活的平衡视为一项你要么达到，要么没有达到的成就。相反，他们认为它可能更像是一个终身的过程——一个需要自我意识和及时调整的、持续且永无止境的练习。研究人员伊万娜·卢普和迈拉·鲁伊斯·卡斯特罗认为，工作与生活的平衡是“一个循环，而不是一项成就”。在2020年的研究中，研究人员采访了伦敦两家公司的近80名员工，男女人数相同，年龄在30到50岁之间，他们都至少有一个孩子需要抚养，且都担任中层或高层管理岗位。 D) 尽管听起来受访者有很多共同点，但他们之间的区别是：大约30%的男性和50%的女性称抵制长时间工作。与此同时，其他受访者都工作很长时间，因为他们认为这是成功的专业人士应该做的。 E) 卢普和鲁伊斯·卡斯特罗对那些拒绝长时间工作的人进行了研究，他们发现这些员工在保持工作与生活平衡方面实际上有着惊人相似的策略。他们倾向于以自我意识的名义反思和质疑假设，并定期采取措施调整阻碍他们实现工作与生活平衡的事情。 F) 卢普和鲁伊斯·卡斯特罗指出了在该研究中把工作与生活平衡得更好的受访者在其工作中采用的五个步骤。首先，他们会停下来重新审视“我是专业人士，所以我应该工作、工作、工作”等信念，然后问自己“目前是什么让我感到有压力呢？”等问题。其次，在明确原因后，他们会将注意力集中在由此产生的情绪上。他们感到愤怒、悲伤还是充满活力？第三，他们重新确定优先事项，比如，他们会问自己“长时间工作真的值得减少与家人共度的时间吗？”第四，他们会考虑替代方案：工作中是否有什么可以改变的地方，来适应这些新的优先事项呢？最后，他们会实施这些改变，比如要求上司给予他们更大的灵活性，或者决定不接手每个找上门来的项目。 G) 这五步过程任何人都可以采用。通过实施这些步骤，并不断地审视自己，可以帮助你改变和调整职业生活，使之与个人生活更好地协调。卢普说：“意识到自己的情绪状态对于决定你想在工作和生活中做出的改变至关重要。” H) 纽约大学的莱希纳赞成找到这种平衡是一种持续的趋势的观点。这不仅仅是把一天的时间分配到工作、健身房、孩子和家务上。如果压力的潜在情绪来源仍然存在，那么你在家里度过的时间可能并不愉快。她说：“我们回到家，尽管身体在家里，但精神上我们可能仍然在处理工作中发生的事情。我们并不是真的在家。”我们所说的“工作与生活的平衡”实际上只是获得成就感和满足感的一种替代品。 I) 当然，找到这种平衡也许不应该是你一个人的事。麻省理工学院工作与组织研究教授艾琳·凯利所做的研究表明，在为员工创造更好的环境方面，企业和管理者可以发挥关键作用。在其著作《超负荷：好工作是如何变糟的以及如何应对》中，艾琳·凯利和合著者菲利斯·莫恩将一家财富500强公司的1000多名员工分成两组，一组在经过重新设计的管理结构下工作，另一组继续在现有的管理结构下工作。 J) 在管理结构重新设计的情况下，公司采取了许多措施来确保员工更好地平衡工作与生活，防止他们出现精疲力竭的情况。管理者定期被提醒要明确支持他们的员工。允许员工做出改变，比如取消上午9点的会议。所有这些都是为了提高工作满意度和给予员工更大的灵活性，并向员工保证这是管理层所承诺的。不出所料，凯利和莫恩发现，在管理结构重新设计组的员工报告的压力和倦怠程度更低。他们辞职的可能性更小；的确，在接下来的四年里，他们辞职的可能性比那些继续在旧政策下工作的员工要低40%。 K) 凯利说：“工作与生活的平衡被理解为个人的反应，所以人们认为‘如何管理我疯狂的工作生活由我自己来定’”。但企业需要审视他们对员工提出的要求。“根本问题不在于工作和生活是如何结合在一起的。而是我们对工作上被要求做的事情抱有不切实际的期望。”如果你的工作场所从一开始就不是一个工作与生活可能达到平衡的环境，那么你在个人层面上为平衡工作与生活所做的任何努力都将是徒劳的。 L) 这似乎是一个正在加速发展的话题。远程办公和灵活工作模式的新流行，可能都会在我们如何平衡职业生活和个人生活方面发挥重要作用。如果找到完美的平衡似乎仍然很难实现，专家们表示，保有一些展望会有所帮助。对于数百万人来说，工作就是为了能够养家糊口。莱希纳表示，谈论工作与生活的平衡“是一种富有特权性质的对话”。“如果我们正在反思，也许我们也应该反思一下这一点。” According to a management expert, work-life balance is not as simple as giving equal amounts of time to work and personal life. 答案：B 定位提示： management expert / not as simple / equal amounts of time → B段 “I'm going to put in eight hours' worth of work, and then I'm going to put in eight hours' worth of 'me time'... I don't think it's such a simple formula.” Research found that those who are given greater flexibility at work are less stressed and more likely to stay in their jobs. 答案：J 定位提示： greater flexibility / less stressed / stay in jobs → J段 “employees in the redesign group reported less stress and less burnout. They were less likely to quit their jobs...” Workers who rejected working long hours tended to make regular adjustments in order to achieve work-life balance. 答案：E 定位提示： rejected working long hours / regular adjustments / work-life balance → E段 “those who rejected the long hours... regularly took steps to adjust the things standing in their way to work-life balance.” Talking about work-life balance is said to be a privilege reserved for the better-off, not for those who barely make a living. 答案：L 定位提示： talking about work-life balance / privilege / barely make a living → L段 “Talking about work-life balance ‘is a very privileged conversation’... For millions of people, work is about being able to put food on the table.” Knowing one's emotional state is of utmost importance in deciding what changes to make for a better work-life balance. 答案：G 定位提示： emotional state / utmost importance / changes / work-life balance → G段 “Awareness of your emotional state is essential in order to determine the changes you want to make in your work and in your life.” More female professionals reported being reluctant to work overtime than their male counterparts. 答案：D 定位提示： female professionals / reluctant / work overtime / male counterparts → D段 “about 30% of the men and 50% of the women reported resisting working long hours.” Without organisational support, any personal effort to maintain work-life balance will be unsuccessful. 答案：K 定位提示： without organisational support / personal effort / unsuccessful → K段 “If your workplace isn't an environment where work-life balance is possible in the first place, any effort you attempt to make toward it on a personal level will be in vain.” The question of how to achieve work-life balance has long been the main subject of discussion among workers. 答案：A 定位提示： how to achieve work-life balance / long been the main subject / discussion → A段 “Few topics have been so endlessly analysed as work-life balance. The quest to attain this mysterious state has dominated discussion around careers for years...” You may not actually experience emotional wellbeing at home if you remain occupied with what happened at work. 答案：H 定位提示： not experience emotional wellbeing at home / occupied with what happened at work → H段 “If the underlying emotional sources of stress are still there, then the time you actually spend at home may not be enjoyable... mentally we still may be processing things that happened at work.” Some researchers suggest that work-life balance is not a goal to achieve, but a process for life to be adjusted promptly. 答案：C 定位提示： researchers suggest / not a goal to achieve / process / adjusted promptly → C段 “Some researchers are now encouraging us to stop thinking about work-life balance as an achievement... it may be more of a lifelong process... timely adjustments.” Section B 是四级阅读中典型的段落信息匹配题，通常文章后有10个陈述句，要求判断信息来自哪一段。它不按顺序出题，难度在于“同义替换”和“定位”。 先读题干，划关键词 不要先通读全文。先看36—45题，每句划出： 人名、机构名、时间、数字 动词短语 形容词最高级 因果关系、转折关系 特殊名词，如 work-life balance、flexibility、emotional state、privilege 等 例如： 36题关键词：management expert / not simple / equal time 37题关键词：greater flexibility / less stressed / stay in jobs 41题关键词：female professionals / reluctant / overtime 43题关键词：how to achieve work-life balance / main subject 带着关键词扫读段落 不要逐词翻译。重点看每段： 首句 末句 转折词 however / but / yet 引号内容 数字、专有名词 比较级、最高级 识别同义替换 这是匹配题核心。例如： not as simple = such a simple formula greater flexibility = greater flexibility / redesign group less stressed = less stress stay in jobs = less likely to quit their jobs rejected working long hours = those who rejected the long hours regular adjustments = regularly took steps to adjust privilege reserved for the better-off = a very privileged conversation / put food on the table emotional state is of utmost importance = Awareness of your emotional state is essential female professionals reluctant = 50% of the women reported resisting without organisational support = If your workplace isn't an environment... main subject of discussion = dominated discussion occupied with what happened at work = processing things that happened at work not a goal to achieve = stop thinking about work-life balance as an achievement 注意“一段可多用” 题干说明“You may choose a paragraph more than once”，所以不要因为某段用过就排除。但本套题中多数段落只对应一题。 先易后难 先做带明显专有名词、数字、引号的题，如： 37题 redesign group / less stress → J段 41题 30% men / 50% women → D段 43题 dominated discussion → A段 44题 mentally processing → H段 再做抽象概括题，如： 36题 management expert / simple formula → B段 39题 privilege → L段 控制时间 建议 Section B 用时 10—12分钟。不要在某一段纠结太久。若两个选项都像，优先选有明确同义替换的。 常见干扰 题干中的词在多个段落出现，但逻辑不符。 段落提到同一主题，但并非题干所问的具体信息。 张冠李戴：如把“管理结构调整组”说成“旧政策组”。 范围扩大或缩小：如“some workers”变成“all workers”。 Section C 包括两篇 Passage。 The weakening of the human connection to nature might be good for economic growth but is bad for people. A tipping point was reached in 2020 when human-made materials — such as steel, concrete and plastic — were found to weigh more than all life on Earth. Continuing to grow concrete forests rather than real ones is shortsighted. Simply being in the nearest wood has such health benefits that the Woodland Trust successfully lobbied for it to be prescribed by doctors. Yet slipping from popular culture is the wonder and beauty of the natural world. For every three nature-related words in hit songs of the 1950s, researchers found, there was only slightly more than one 50 years later. It is not a moment too soon that teenagers will be able to take a natural history test given that for decades children have been able to name more video game characters than wildlife species. Part of remedying this social disease would be for parliament to pass a "right to grow" law, allowing anyone to turn underused public spaces into vegetable and fruit gardens. The idea is for people to get back in touch with the soil — while producing food sustainably. Vegetable planting has a respectable tradition. In April 1649, locals responded to high prices and food shortages by cultivating vegetables on common land in Southern England. The practice of throwing seed bombs to turn vacant plots of land green took off in 1970s New York, and has been revived by green-thumbed social media influencers who defy local US regulations in a war on ugly spots in cities. Apart from the urgent task of providing more healthy nutrients to those who increasingly can't afford them, publicly accessible fruit and vegetable gardens connect what we eat to where it comes from — the means of production, if you will. They can make unlovely spaces lovely, and marry use and beauty as well as help promote a sense of community. Plants are also, of course, our first defense against species loss and climate change. Such planting is a small step for humanity — in the right direction. 人类与自然联系的弱化可能有利于经济增长，但对人类不利。2020年，当人们发现钢筋、混凝土和塑料等人造材料的重量超过地球上所有生命的重量时，这种弱化就达到了一个临界点。继续种植混凝土森林而不是真正的森林是一种短视行为。仅仅是身处最近的树林中就对健康大有裨益，因此林地信托基金成功游说医生将其列为处方。 然而，自然界的神奇与美丽却在大众文化中逐渐消失。研究人员发现，在20世纪50年代的热门歌曲中，每出现三个与自然相关的词汇，50年后与之对应的这类词汇仅仅是比一个略多一点。考虑到几十年来，孩子们能说出的电子游戏角色的名字比野生动物物种的名字还多，现在让青少年参加自然历史考试并不算太早。 议会应该通过一项“种植权”法律，允许任何人将未充分利用的公共空间变成蔬果园，这将是治疗这种社会弊病的部分措施。这一想法的目的是让人们重新与土地建立联系——同时可持续地生产食物。 蔬菜种植有着令人尊敬的传统。1649年4月，英格兰南部的当地人为了应对高物价和粮食短缺，在公共土地上种植蔬菜。20世纪70年代，纽约兴起了用投掷种子炸弹的方式来绿化空地的做法，现在这种做法又被有园艺才能的社交媒体影响人士复兴，他们不顾美国当地的规定，向城市中的丑陋角落宣战。 除了为越来越多买不起营养品的人提供更多的健康营养品这一紧迫任务外，公众可使用的蔬果园还将我们吃的东西与它的来源——可以说是生产资料——联系起来。它们可以让不可爱的空间变得可爱，将使用和美观结合起来，也有助于增强社区意识。当然，植物也是我们抵御物种损失和气候变化的第一道防线。这样的种植是人类朝着正确方向迈出的一小步。 文章主题：人类与自然联系弱化、种植权与公众蔬果园 What does the author want to emphasize in the first paragraph? A) The year 2020 was a big turning point in human history. B) Economic growth benefits people little in the long run. C) It is unwise to weaken the human connection to nature. D) It is harmful to mankind to use human-made materials. 答案：C 定位： 第1段第1句。“The weakening of the human connection to nature might be good for economic growth but is bad for people.” What did researchers find about popular culture? A) It is increasingly detached from the natural world. B) It is filled with all kinds of video game characters. C) It is especially appealing to the taste of teenagers. D) It is still impacted by the hit songs of the 1950s. 答案：A 定位： 第2段。“slipping from popular culture is the wonder and beauty of the natural world... there was only slightly more than one 50 years later.” What does the author propose people do? A) Take measures to ensure sustainable food development. B) Reconnect with nature through the right to grow. C) Stand by the parliament in fighting social diseases. D) Plant fruit and vegetables in public places. 答案：B 定位： 第3段。“parliament to pass a ‘right to grow’ law... The idea is for people to get back in touch with the soil...” What do we learn from the passage about vegetable planting? A) It all started in 1649 in Southern England. B) It is protected by US government regulations. C) It has long been used to increase food supply and improve urban landscape. D) It has been popularized worldwide with the increasing influence of social media. 答案：C 定位： 第4段。“In April 1649, locals responded to high prices and food shortages by cultivating vegetables... The practice of throwing seed bombs to turn vacant plots of land green took off in 1970s New York...” What can publicly accessible fruit and vegetable gardens do apart from their practical functions? A) Raise people's environmental awareness. B) Add to the great variety of plant species. C) Act as the first defense against natural disasters. D) Enhance people's community spirit. 答案：D 定位： 第5段。“They can make unlovely spaces lovely, and marry use and beauty as well as help promote a sense of community.” 题型特点 Passage One 是标准四级仔细阅读选择题，通常5题，顺序与文章顺序基本一致。题目多考查： 细节理解 同义替换 作者态度 因果关系 转折对比 解题步骤 先读题干，不读选项。 划关键词：人名、专有名词、比较对象、因果词。 回原文定位。 读定位句前后各一句。 对比选项，选“同义替换”项，不选“原词堆砌但逻辑错误”项。 本篇文章重点 46题：第一段强调 → 削弱人与自然联系不明智。 47题：大众文化 → 日益脱离自然世界。 48题：作者提议 → 通过种植权重新与自然建立联系。 49题：蔬菜种植 → 长期用于增加食物供应和改善城市景观。 50题：公众蔬果园的额外作用 → 增强社区精神。 注意转折 文章多次出现： Yet However Apart from 这些地方最容易出题。尤其注意： 人与自然联系弱化对经济有益，但对人有害。 大众文化中自然之美逐渐消失。 议会应通过“种植权”法律。 公众蔬果园可增强社区意识。 选项排除技巧 绝对化选项常错：all, never, completely, only。 无中生有常错：文章没提的内容。 张冠李戴常错：把“植物”说成“公众蔬果园”。 答非所问常错：观点正确，但不是题干所问。 Engineering in the U.S. has long been a male-dominated profession. Fifty years ago, it looked like that might change. In 1970, the percentage of women majoring in engineering was less than 1%. In 1979, that number was 9%. Many hoped women would continue to enter the field at the same rate. But that's not what happened. Today, only 21% of engineering majors are women, a number largely unchanged since 2000. I am a historian who, along with my colleagues, surveyed 251 women engineers who graduated from college in the 1970s. These pioneers reflected on the challenges they faced — and had advice for women entering the field today. One survey taker explained, "The greatest challenge for me was continuing to believe in myself, when all the messages I was getting were that I would never be taken seriously or promoted or given raises at the same rate as men, who were clearly less qualified and not as smart as I was." A chemical engineer who worked in manufacturing agreed, "You have to prove yourself just because you are female. And you have to work twice as hard!" A civil engineer said, "We are women engineers. People don't refer to a man as a man engineer — he's an engineer. We are constantly reminded that we don't truly belong." Another civil engineer stated, "On many levels, you're never quite one of the groups." Women also talked about family caregiving responsibilities. A retired vice president from a major chemical company stated, "Young women engineers are on an equal footing until they have children, then they struggle to balance work and family and compete with men who don't have the same household responsibilities." But over the years, things have changed a lot. Young women engineers are more accepted mostly because there are just more of them. Many women engineers hailed the benefits of their chosen career. A program manager in manufacturing stated that engineering is the best degree. A mechanical engineer said, "It will give you the flexibility to do almost anything. It is also satisfying to see the effects of what you have done." 长期以来，美国的工程职业一直由男性主导。50年前，这种情况似乎有可能改变。1970年，主修工程学的女性比例不到1%。1979年，这一数字达到了9%。许多人希望女性能继续以同样的速度进入这一领域。但事实并非如此。如今，只有21%的工程专业学生是女性，这个数字自2000年以来基本没有变化。 我是一名历史学家，我和同事对251名在20世纪70年代大学毕业的女性工程师进行了调查。这些先驱们回顾了她们所面临的挑战，并对今天进入这一领域的女性提出了建议。 一位接受调查的人解释说：“对我来说，最大的挑战是，在我得到的所有信息都表明，我受到重视、得到晋升或加薪的速度永远赶不上显然不如我有资格、也不如我聪明的男性的时候，继续相信自己。” 一位在制造业工作的化学工程师也认为：“你必须证明自己，就因为你是女性。你必须加倍努力工作！” 一位土木工程师说：“我们是‘女工程师’。人们不会把男人称为‘男工程师’——他是工程师。我们经常被提醒，我们并不真正属于这个群体。”另一位土木工程师说：“在很多层面上，你永远都不是这个群体中的一员。” 女性还谈到了照顾家庭的责任。一位来自一家大型化工企业的退休副总裁说：“年轻的女工程师在有孩子之前是平等的，然后她们就会艰难地平衡工作和家庭——与没有同样家庭责任的男性竞争。” 但这些年来，情况发生了很大变化。年轻的女工程师被更多人接受，主要是因为她们的人数增多了。许多女工程师为自己选择的职业所带来的好处欢呼雀跃。一位制造业的项目经理说，工程学是最好的学位。一位机械工程师说：“它能让你灵活地做几乎任何事情。看到自己所做工作产生的成效也会让人感到满足。” 文章主题：美国工程职业中的女性参与度、挑战与变化 What does the passage say about the engineering profession in the United States? A) It has seen a change in attitude towards women engineers since 1979. B) It witnessed a significant increase in women engineers in the 1970s. C) It has experienced the gradual weakening of male dominance. D) It boasted the largest number of engineering majors in 2000. 答案：B 定位： 第1—2段。“In 1970, the percentage of women majoring in engineering was less than 1%. In 1979, that number was 9%.” What does one survey taker say was her greatest challenge? A) Not to feel superior to less qualified male engineers. B) Not to take seriously all the messages she was getting. C) Not to think highly of her qualifications when promoted or given a pay raise. D) Not to lose self-confidence though constantly discouraged or unfairly treated. 答案：D 定位： 第3段。“The greatest challenge for me was continuing to believe in myself, when all the messages I was getting were that I would never be taken seriously or promoted or given raises at the same rate as men...” How do women engineers frequently feel according to the two civil engineers? A) Disqualified on many levels. B) Excluded from the group. C) Overworked by their organizations. D) Looked down upon by male colleagues. 答案：B 定位： 第5段。“We are constantly reminded that we don't truly belong... On many levels, you're never quite one of the groups.” What probably makes young women engineers more accepted nowadays? A) Their success in gaining an equal footing. B) Their ability to balance work and family. C) The change in their responsibilities. D) The increase in their number. 答案：D 定位： 第7段第2句。“Young women engineers are more accepted mostly because there are just more of them.” What can we conclude about many female engineers from the statement of a mechanical engineer? A) They take great pride in their chosen career. B) They have reaped the benefits of being flexible. C) They enjoy doing engineering to the best degree. D) They have proved capable of doing almost anything. 答案：A 定位： 第7段。“Many women engineers hailed the benefits of their chosen career... A mechanical engineer said, ‘It will give you the flexibility to do almost anything. It is also satisfying to see the effects of what you have done.’” 文章主题 本文讨论： 美国工程职业长期由男性主导。 1970年代女性工程师比例曾显著增长。 女性工程师面临自信、晋升、归属感、家庭责任等挑战。 近年来年轻女性工程师因人数增加而更被接受。 许多女工程师为选择工程职业感到自豪。 题目定位 51题：美国工程职业 → 1970年代女性工程师显著增加。 52题：一位受访者最大挑战 → 即使受挫或不公也不失去自信。 53题：两位土木工程师 → 感觉被排斥在群体之外。 54题：年轻女性工程师更被接受 → 人数增加。 55题：机械工程师陈述 → 她们为自己选择的职业感到自豪。 关键同义替换 significant increase in women engineers in the 1970s = less than 1% in 1970 / 9% in 1979 not to lose self-confidence = continuing to believe in myself excluded from the group = never quite one of the groups increase in their number = there are just more of them take great pride in their chosen career = hailed the benefits of their chosen career 注意逻辑关系 But：转折处常出题。 However：转折处常出题。 And：递进处常出题。 Yet：转折处常出题。 推断题技巧 55题问“What can we conclude about many female engineers from the statement of a mechanical engineer?” 第7段说： 许多女工程师为自己选择的职业所带来的好处欢呼雀跃。 一位机械工程师说工程学能让你灵活地做几乎任何事情，看到工作成效也让人满足。 因此选A“They take great pride in their chosen career.” 不要选B“They have reaped the benefits of being flexible”，因为这是机械工程师的直接陈述，不是推断。 排除法 过于绝对的选项：only, never, completely, guarantee。 与原文矛盾的选项。 把“女工程师人数增加”说成“男性主导地位逐渐削弱”。 把“被排斥”说成“被瞧不起”。 先题后文：先读10个题干，划关键词。 定位优先：专有名词、数字、引号、最高级最先找。 同义替换：不要只找原词，要看改写。 段落可重复：不要因为一段选过就完全排除。 先易后难：明显题先做，抽象题后做。 时间控制：10—12分钟。 不要通读全文：扫读定位即可。 顺序原则：题目顺序通常与文章顺序一致。 定位句前后：答案常在定位句前一句或后一句。 同义替换：正确选项多为原文改写。 转折重点：but, however, yet, on the other hand 后常出答案。 观点题：注意 researchers found, scientists argue, advocates argue。 推断题：不选原文直接复述，选合理推断。 排除法：绝对化、无中生有、张冠李戴、答非所问。 时间控制：两篇共约18—20分钟。 题号 答案 36 B 37 J 38 E 39 L 40 G 41 D 42 K 43 A 44 H 45 C 题号 答案 46 C 47 A 48 B 49 C 50 D 题号 答案 51 B 52 D 53 B 54 D 55 A 以上即为 2024年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第一套）Reading Comprehension Section B 和 Section C 的原文识别、汉语译文、答题策略和答案速查。
一、Section B 原文与汉语译文
Why it's wrong to look at work-life balance as an achievement
汉语译文
为什么把工作与生活的平衡看作一种成就是错误的
Section B 答题策略
Section B 答题策略
二、Section C 原文与汉语译文
Passage One
汉语译文
Passage One 答题策略
Passage One 答题策略
Passage Two
汉语译文
Passage Two 答题策略
Passage Two 答题策略
三、Section B 与 Section C 通用答题策略
Section B 段落信息匹配
Section C 仔细阅读
四、答案速查
Section B
Section C Passage One
Section C Passage Two
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