挑战出题人思路!考研英语例证题&推理题实用技巧与真题精析
- 2026-10-30 19:11:36
考研英语阅读里，例证题和推理题通常有2-3 道，数量不算多，却像藏在文字里的“小关卡”。要是能找到解开它们的“钥匙”，掌握对应的做题方法，英语阅读的正确率就能明显提升，这可是实实在在的收获。接下来，我们就一起去拆解这两类题型的解题思路。
大意为“例子用来证明......”即：例子+证明
例子的常见表达形式有：
The story/case/example/experiment/
quotation/...cite the book/sb./the example或专有名词等
那证明有哪些词呢？
...ismentioned/cited/used/noted to show/illustrate..../...shows.../...explains...等
eg.The joke(例) in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate(证). (2013-Text 1-21)
eg.The quotation(例)in Paragraph 4 explains(证)that.(2013-Text 1-23)
eg.The ants analogy(例)is used to illustrate(证). (2018-Text 3-35)
大家需要注意的是，在议论文中，例子是为了佐证观点的，例子本身并不重要，所以解题的核心在于找观点。
接下来，“三步走”轻松找出正确答案：
Step 1 根据题干关键词，定位例子在文中的位置
Step 2 找观点（80%往例子前面找，20%往例子后面找）
Step 3 匹配选项
*注意：排除只谈论例子本身而不谈及观点的选项。
2013年真题
Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever,and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes,“In the 10 years ending in 2009,[U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years;roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs—about 6 million in total—disappeared.”
The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that .（2013-Text 1-23）
A.gains of technology have been erased
B.job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed
C.factories are making much less money than before
D.new jobs and services have been offered
Step 1 通过题干关键词quotation回文定位，引言在本段的最后一句话，“正如Davidson所言......”。
Step 2 找观点。由于引言是本段最后一句话，我们往前找观点。“的确，新技术一直在蚕食就业机会，并将一直持续下去。”
Step 3 匹配选项。通过比对，我们不难发现选项B与原文观点句吻合。job opportunities与jobs、disappearing与eating、at a high speed与acceleration进行替换。所以，正确答案是B。
2018年真题
Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?
A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of .(2018-Text 1-21)
A. mechanical memorization
B. academic training
C. practical ability
D. pioneering spirit
Step 1 通过题干关键词a broken bike chain回文定位，在本段最后。
Step 2 找观点。例子出现在段尾，我们往前找观点。“K先生是新罕布什尔州一所高中的教师，在那里，学习与书本、考试以及机械记忆无关，而是强调实践。”此处出现...not...but...结构，语义重心在后面，所以强调实践。
Step 3 匹配选项。通过比对，只有选项C强调实践能力。所以，正确答案是C。
2018年真题
The product they're selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. ①Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. ②Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesn't feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.
The ants analogy is used to illustrate . （2018-Text 3-35）
A.the relationship between digital giants and their users
B.a typical competition pattern among digital giants
C.the benefits provided for digital giants customers
D.a win-win business model between digital giants
Step 1 通过题干关键词ants回文定位，在本段的中间两句话均出现了ants。
Step 2 找观点。在例子句①出现了“Just as..., so...就像......一样，......也如此”，此处后半句，类比的是“Google”、“us”和“data”。再根据“80%往例子前面找观点”的原则，我们看前一句话。这句话明确讲到“we,the users”、“digital giants”和“data”。“他们销售的产品是数据，而我们作为用户，则把我们的生活转化成数据，以使得数字巨头们获益。”其实，讲的是用户和数据巨头之间的事情。
Step 3 匹配选项。通过比对，只有选项A讲到了数字巨头和用户，其余选项只提到其中一方。所以，正确答案是A。
2013年真题
In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”
Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession, but it is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.
The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate .（2013-Text 1-21）
A.the impact of technological advances
B.the alleviation of job pressure
C.the shrinkage of textile mills
D.the decline of middle-class incomes
Step 1 通过题干关键词The joke在第1段定位，会发现，第一段就一句话，整段都是the joke的内容。
Step 2 找观点。在这道题中，第一段都是例子，根据原则，我们往后找，也就是第2段。通过第二段point一词，可以得知此处就是观点，这里提到两个原因，一个是the big drop in demand，另一个是the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution。并且第二个原因出现了转折连词but，则语义重心转移，重点在but后，所以作者想强调的原因是“全球化和信息技术的发展”。
Step 3 匹配选项。通过比对，选项A匹配，“技术进步的影响”。
It can be inferred from the text that...
We can infer that...
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
It is implied/indicated in the passage that...
By...the author implies that...
（1）细节类型推断题：题干包含具体定位信息。
（2）段落型推断题：题干只给出了具体的段落或同时包含主题词。
Step1定位：
划出题干关键词，在文中找到关键词原词或者其同义改写的句子，进行定位。
Step2往下推一步：
一定要忠于原文，在文中找根据，只能进行最简单的一步推理，不能进行复杂的逻辑推理，更不要加入你的情感判断。
Step3比对选项：
比对选项，确定正确答案。注意审题，同时注意排除过度推论或无关选项。
(1) 虽然叫推理题，但并不是让你用自己的理解对文章进行推理，答案是原文内容改写了的某些信息。
(2) 选项中出现很绝对的词，比如must，never要警惕，大概率正确选项用词比较委婉，如may,might等。
(3) 重视题目对应段落或全文重复出现的信息。
(4) 文章中的转折处要注意。
1.细节推断题：
Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price petrol than it did in 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.（英一2002, text 3）
24. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if ___.
A. commodity prices rise
B. price of crude rises
C. consumption rises
D. oil taxes rise
答案解析：正确答案D
Step1定位：
划出题干关键词，在文中找到关键词原词或者其同义改写的句子，进行定位。根据题干关键词the retail price of petrol可定位到句子：In most countries the cost crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol...in Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price...
Step2往下推一步：
一定要忠于原文，在文中找根据，只能进行最简单的一步推理，不能进行复杂的逻辑推理，更不要加入你的情感判断。
句子意思是：大多数国家的原油成本占汽油价格的份额相比70年代要小很多...在欧洲，税收在汽油零售价的比重高达4/5；该句指出在大多数国家的汽油价格中，原油成本所占比重比70年代更小。
也就是说是即使在那个时代，原油成本也不是汽油价位的主体组成，那在汽油价位中占主体比例的不是原油又会是什么呢？后句进而通过欧洲指出“税收”在汽油的零售价格中占据的比重最大，高达4/5，
Step3比对选项：
比对选项，确定正确答案。注意审题，同时注意排除过度推论或无关选项。由此可以推知，汽
油价位的上升更多的是取决于“税收”，故D正确。
2.段落型推断题：
例题：
The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.
31.It can be inferred from Paragraph 1that_____.(英一2015, text3)
A.science intends to simplify its peer-review process.
B.journals are strengthening their statistical checks.
C.few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.
D.lack of data analysis is common in research projects.
答案解析：正确答案B
Step1定位：
划出题干关键词，在文中找到关键词原词或者其同义改写的句子，进行定位。定位到第一段。
Step2往下推一步：
一定要忠于原文，在文中找根据，只能进行最简单的一步推理，不能进行复杂的逻辑推理，更不要加入你的情感判断。
第一段说The policy follows similar efforts from other journals(该政策得到其他期刊类似的努力）the policy指第一句The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process（科学杂志把统计检查额外添加到它的同行评审过程中。
Step3比对选项：
比对选项，确定正确答案。注意审题，同时注意排除过度推论或无关选项。由此可以推断出B选项，期刊正在加强它们的统计检查。
希望大家可以多多练习，顺利掌握例证题和推理题的解题方法，这样可以使阅读正确率更高。
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