高考英语真题长难句历年典型句子精讲|拆解从句、分词、倒装(用于阅读提分技巧)
- 2026-11-04 08:31:24
高考英语真题长难句历年典型句子精讲|拆解从句、分词、倒装(用于阅读提分技巧)
长难句是高考英语阅读的拦路虎。本次整理部分来自历年的高考真题，每一句配备原句、主干、分层分析、中文翻译、核心考点，方便大家学习、精读复盘、早读背诵。
1. 【2020 新高考 I 卷 阅读】
【原句】Admission $4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
【主干】Children are admitted free.
【分层】under 12 years 介词短语作后置定语；accompanied by an adult 过去分词作后置定语。
【翻译】门票4美元。有成人陪伴的12岁以下儿童免费入场。
【考点】双重后置定语压缩修饰
2. 【2023 全国乙卷 阅读】
【原句】Built hundreds of years ago, the old town still keeps its natural beauty and traditional culture which attract thousands of visitors every year.
【主干】the old town still keeps its natural beauty and traditional culture.
【分层】Built...ago 过去分词作背景状语；which...year 定从修饰 beauty and culture。
【翻译】这座数百年前建成的古镇仍保留着每年吸引成千上万游客的自然美景与传统文化。
【考点】done放句首 + 定语从句
3. 【2024 新课标 I 卷 阅读 D】
【原句】Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
【主干】Daru and his team tested how well these data represent patterns.
【分层】Using...animals 现在分词作方式状语；how 引导宾语从句。
【翻译】Daru 及其团队利用含 19 亿条植物、昆虫、鸟类、动物记录的全球数据集，测试这些数据在多大程度上反映实际的全球生物多样性模式。
【考点】分词状语 + how 宾语从句
4. 【2024 新课标 I 卷 七选五】
【原句】Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.
【主干】there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages.
【分层】but 并列；I can leaf through... 定从修饰 pages（省略 that）。
【翻译】当然，如今有大量在线词典和同义词词典，但我守旧到更喜欢能用手指翻阅的精装书和书页。
【考点】并列句+ 省略关系词定从
5. 【2020 全国 I 卷 阅读 D】
【原句】Since lighting is often far removed from the power source — such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway — a lot of energy is lost during transmission.
【主干】a lot of energy is lost during transmission.
【分层】Since 原因状从；破折号间 such as...highway 举例插入。
【翻译】因为照明常远离电源（如从电厂到偏僻公路上的路灯的距离），传输过程中大量能源被损耗。
【考点】Since 状从 + 破折号插入举例
6. 【2022 全国乙卷 阅读】
【原句】First announced in April 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity.
【主干】the tax was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity.
【分层】First announced...2016 过去分词作时间/背景状语；which...100ml 定从句修饰 tax；containing...100ml 现在分词作后置定语修饰 drinks。
【翻译】该税收于2016 年 4 月首次公布，适用于每 100 毫升含糖超 5 克的软饮，旨在帮助降低儿童肥胖率。
【考点】分词状语+ 定从 + 分词定语
7. 【2023 新课标 II 卷 阅读 B】
【原句】More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
【主干】artists have used them as the raw material.
【分层】as 原因状从；破折号后 transforming...sculptures 现在分词作伴随状语。
【翻译】近来，随着书籍变得廉价甚至可随手丢弃，艺术家们已把它们当作艺术品原材料——将封面、书页乃至整本书变成绘画与雕塑。
【考点】as 状从 + 破折号分词伴随
8. 【2023 全国甲卷 阅读 D】
【原句】As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven't been seen in a century or more, they're increasingly being sighted by humans.
【主干】they're being sighted by humans.
【分层】As 引导时间状从；where...more 定从修饰 places；现在进行时被动。
【翻译】随着灰熊活动范围扩展到人们一个多世纪未见其踪迹的地方，它们被人类目击的次数正日益增多。
【考点】As 时间状从 + 定从 + 现在进行被动
9. 【2024 新课标 I 卷 阅读 D】
【原句】This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.
【主干】This makes sense because the people are citizen scientists.
【分层】because 原因状从；who...devices 定从修饰 people；recording...nearby 现在分词作后置定语修饰 scientists。
【翻译】这很合理，因为用移动设备获取生物多样性观察数据的人往往是民间科学家，他们记录的是附近区域遇到的物种。
【考点】because 状从 + 定从 + 分词定语三层嵌套
10. 【2021 全国乙卷 阅读】
【原句】The result is a better understanding of the world that is full of chances that we never noticed before.
【主干】The result is a better understanding of the world.
【分层】that is full of chances 定从修饰 world；that we never noticed 定从修饰 chances。
【翻译】结果是对这个世界更深的理解——一个充满我们从前从未注意到的机会的世界。
【考点】双定从连环套
11. 【2021 新高考 I 卷 阅读】
【原句】The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000 in the quake which hit Sichuan Province in 2008.
【主干】The number of people reached more than 400,000.
【分层】who...injured 定从修饰 people；which...2008 定从修饰 quake。
【翻译】在2008 年袭击四川的那场地震中，遇难或重伤人数超过 40 万。
【考点】双定从并列修饰不同先行词
12. 【2019 全国 II 卷 阅读 B】
【原句】I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on.
【主干】I mention the single parent and I talk about the dad.
【分层】with four kids 介词短语；running the show 现在分词修饰 the single parent；coaching... 现在分词修饰 dad；that...on 定从修饰 team。
【翻译】我提到独自带四个孩子撑起全场的那位单亲家长，也聊到那位执教一支连自己孩子都没加入的球队的父亲。
【考点】with 复合结构 + 分词定语 + 定从
13. 【2020 全国 III 卷 阅读】
【原句】The project, designed to reduce loneliness, offers elderly people a chance to enjoy a meaningful daily life which they would otherwise be denied.
【主干】The project offers elderly people a chance.
【分层】designed...loneliness 过去分词插入定语；to enjoy...life 不定式作 chance 定语；which...denied 定从修饰 life。
【翻译】这项旨在缓解孤独的项目给老人提供享受充实日常生活的机会，否则他们无法拥有。
【考点】分词定语+ 不定式定语 + 定从
14. 【2021 全国甲卷 阅读】
【原句】The study shows that where you live can shape your living habits and personal characters which will stay with you for a lifetime.
【主干】The study shows that where you live can shape your living habits and personal characters.
【分层】that 宾从；where you live 主语从句；which...lifetime 定从修饰 habits and characters。
【翻译】研究表明，居住地能塑造伴随你终生的生活习惯与性格。
【考点】宾从内嵌主语从句+ 定从
15. 【2022 新高考 I 卷 阅读 D】
【原句】Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of 'f' and 'v' increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years.
【主干】Analyses confirmed that there was a global change.
【分层】that 宾从；after...age 时间状语；with...increasing 独立主格作伴随状语。
【翻译】对语言数据库的分析也证实，新石器时代之后世界语言发音发生了全球性变化，其中'f'和'v'的使用在近几千年显著增加。
【考点】宾从+ 独立主格结构
16. 【2022 新高考 I 卷 阅读 D】
【原句】Only when the government introduces stricter regulations and citizens raise awareness can we hope to solve the problem that has plagued the city for years.
【主干】can we hope to solve the problem.
【分层】Only when...awareness 时间状从（部分倒装触发）；that...years 定从修饰 problem。
【翻译】只有当政府出台更严法规且市民提高意识，我们才有希望解决困扰这座城市多年的问题。
【考点】Only 倒装 + 定从
17. 【2023 新课标 I 卷 阅读 D】
【原句】Researchers found that participants who slept less than six hours, compared with those who slept eight hours, showed decreased performance when tested on memory tasks.
【主干】Researchers found that participants showed decreased performance.
【分层】that 宾从；who slept...hours 定从1；compared with... 插入比较；who slept eight hours 定从2；when tested...tasks 时间状从（省略 they were）。
【翻译】研究者发现，与睡八小时者相比，睡眠不足六小时的参与者在记忆任务测试中的表现下降。
【考点】宾从+ 双定从 + 插入比较 + 省略状从
18. 【2023 新高考 I 卷 阅读 C】
【原句】In the final chapter of part one, I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter, drawing on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter.
【主干】I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter.
【分层】drawing on... 现在分词作方式状语；I ran in 2018 定从修饰 experiment（省略 that）；in which... 定从修饰 experiment。
【翻译】第一部分末章，我将引导你完成自己的数字断舍离，借鉴我2018 年做的一项实验——其中 1600 多人同意进行数字断舍离。
【考点】分词状语+ 双重定从（省略+介词前置）
19. 【2022 全国甲卷 阅读】
【原句】The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found that the more parents elaborated on a toy's features or asked open-ended questions, the more engaged and responsive the children became.
【主干】The researchers analyzed video recordings and found that...
【分层】during...home 介词短语；that 宾从；the more...the more 比较结构；or 并列 elaborated / asked。
【翻译】研究者分析了53 对亲子居家日常活动的录像，发现家长越详细讲解玩具特点或提开放式问题，孩子参与和回应的意愿就越强。
【考点】并列谓语+ the more...the more 比较嵌套
20. 【2018 全国 I 卷 阅读】
【原句】The study found that the monkeys were willing to pay more to see the pictures of the offspring of high-ranking female macaques that had attracted their attention.
【主干】The study found that the monkeys were willing to pay more.
【分层】that 宾从；of the offspring... 介词短语；of high-ranking... 介词短语；that had attracted... 定从修饰 macaques。
【翻译】研究发现，猴子愿意花更多代价去看那些吸引了它们注意的高地位母猕猴后代的照片。
【考点】长宾从内嵌多层of 短语 + 定从
21. 【2024 新课标 II 卷 阅读 D】
【原句】In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.
【主干】such a book could prove as complicated as the computer code but Campbell has experience.
【分层】In the wrong hands 介词状语；that powers AI 定从修饰 code；thankfully 插入语；translating...understandable 现在分词修饰 experience。
【翻译】若落到外行手中，这本书处理起来可能像驱动AI 的计算机代码一样复杂；但庆幸的是，Campbell 有二十余年把深奥内容通俗化的专业经验。
【考点】as...as 比较 + 定从 + 分词定语
22. 【2025 全国 I 卷 阅读 B】
【原句】In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A's, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life.
【主干】I met a cowboy, a strict father, and a modern-day Juliet.
【分层】who saved his town 定从修饰 cowboy；who demanded...A's 定从修饰 father；who died...life 定从修饰 Juliet，内含 after 时间状从。
【翻译】去年九年级写作课上，我遇见了一个拯救小镇的牛仔、一个要求儿子门门优秀的严父，以及一个因父母拆散初恋而心碎离世的现代版朱丽叶。
【考点】三并列宾语各带who 定从，demand sb do 虚拟省略 should
23. 【202605 Z20 5月联考】
【原句】The research team interviewed 30 UK salon owners about sustainability, and then ran a nationwide intervention in 25 sustainable salons using Mirror Talkers, where eco-tips are placed on salon mirrors to engender discussions on sustainable haircare practices.
【主干】I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter.
【分层】drawing on... 现在分词作方式状语；I ran in 2018 定从修饰 experiment（省略 that）；in which... 定从修饰 experiment。
【翻译】第一部分末章，我将引导你完成自己的数字断舍离，借鉴我2018 年做的一项实验——其中 1600 多人同意进行数字断舍离。
【考点】分词状语+ 双重定从（省略+介词前置）
24. 【202605 Z20 5月联考】
【原句】The study found nearly 73% of salon clients were likely to change their haircare routines after conversations sparked by the Mirror Talkers, some even switching to eco-friendly products, using cooler water, and adopting greener habits at home.
【主干】The study found nearly 73% of salon clients were likely to change their haircare routines.
【分层】found 后省略 that 宾语从句；过去分词 sparked 后置定语；逗号后独立主格结构，三组并列现在分词作伴随补充。
【翻译】调研显示，近 73% 顾客在镜面提示贴带动交流后，打算调整护发习惯；部分人进一步改用环保洗护产品、调低洗头水温，在家也养成更多绿色生活习惯。
【考点】长宾从 + 独立主格 + 并列分词
25. 【202605 Z20 5月联考】
【原句】Simple messages like ‘most of us use too much shampoo and shampoo too often’ can spark conversations about how shampooing less and at lower temperatures saves time, money, energy, water and is better for your skin and hair.
【主干】Simple messages can spark conversations.
【分层】how 引导宾语从句作介词 about 宾语；动名词并列作从句主语，两套并列谓语共用主语。
【翻译】类似 “大多数人洗发水用量超标、洗头频次过高” 这类简单提示，能顺势展开交流：减少洗头次数、调低水温，既能省时省钱、节水节能，也更养护皮肤与发质。
【考点】as...as 比较 + 定从 + 分词定语
26. 【202605 烟台5月考】
【原句】A growth mindset pioneered by psychologist Carol Dweck, holds that intelligence and abilities can be improved through effort, practice and learning from failure.
【主干】A growth mindset holds that intelligence and abilities can be improved.
【分层】过去分词 pioneered by 后置修饰主语，割裂主句主谓；that 引导宾语从句，介词 through 后并列三组名词 / 动名词作宾语。
【翻译】心理学家卡罗尔・德韦克首创的成长型心智理论认为，智力与能力能够凭借努力、反复练习以及从失败中总结经验实现提升。
【考点】分词插入主谓之间 + 宾从 + 并列宾语
27. 【202605 烟台5月考】
【原句】Yet applying this theory to real classroom settings has produced mixed and inconsistent outcomes, leading Dweck and his colleagues to conduct further investigations into the effectiveness of growth-mindset interventions and the conditions for their success.
【主干】applying this theory has produced mixed and inconsistent outcomes.
【分层】动名词短语作主句主语；句尾现在分词作结果状语，investigations into 后并列两组研究对象。
【翻译】但该理论落地真实课堂后，实验效果参差不齐、结论矛盾。为此德韦克团队继续深入研究：成长型思维干预方案的实际效用，以及干预生效的必备条件。
【考点】动名词作主语 + 结果状语
28. 【202605 武汉5月考】
【原句】The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found that the more parents elaborated on a toy's features or asked open-ended questions, the more engaged and responsive the children became.
【主干】The researchers analyzed video recordings and found that...
【分层】during...home 介词短语；that 宾从；the more...the more 比较结构；or 并列 elaborated / asked。
【翻译】研究者分析了53 对亲子居家日常活动的录像，发现家长越详细讲解玩具特点或提开放式问题，孩子参与和回应的意愿就越强。
【考点】并列谓语+ the more...the more 比较嵌套
29. 【202605 武汉5月考】
【原句】First announced in April 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity.
【主干】the tax was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity.
【分层】First announced...2016 过去分词作时间/背景状语；which...100ml 定从修饰 tax；containing...100ml 现在分词作后置定语修饰 drinks。
【翻译】该税收于2016 年 4 月首次公布，适用于每 100 毫升含糖超 5 克的软饮，旨在帮助降低儿童肥胖率。
【考点】分词状语+ 定从 + 分词定语
30. 【202605 苏锡常镇三模】
【原句】I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on.
【主干】I mention the single parent and I talk about the dad.
【分层】with four kids 介词短语；running the show 现在分词修饰 the single parent；coaching... 现在分词修饰 dad；that...on 定从修饰 team。
【翻译】我提到独自带四个孩子撑起全场的那位单亲家长，也聊到那位执教一支连自己孩子都没加入的球队的父亲。
【考点】with 复合结构 + 分词定语 + 定从
31. 【202605 苏锡常镇三模】
【原句】While bioluminescence—the ability of living things to produce their own light—has long interested scientists, a lesser-known phenomenon called bio-fluorescence (生物荧光) is now stealing the spotlight.
【主干】a lesser-known phenomenon is now stealing the spotlight.
【分层】while 引导让步状语从句；破折号内同位语解释 bioluminescence；过去分词 called 后置修饰 phenomenon。
【翻译】生物发光（生物自主产生光线的能力）长久以来备受科学家关注，而一种知名度更低的生物荧光现象，如今正成为研究焦点。
【考点】while让步状语从句 + 同位语插入 + 分词定语
32. 【202605 长春三模】
【原句】The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found that the more parents elaborated on a toy's features or asked open-ended questions, the more engaged and responsive the children became.
【主干】The researchers analyzed video recordings and found that...
【分层】during...home 介词短语；that 宾从；the more...the more 比较结构；or 并列 elaborated / asked。
【翻译】研究者分析了53 对亲子居家日常活动的录像，发现家长越详细讲解玩具特点或提开放式问题，孩子参与和回应的意愿就越强。
【考点】并列谓语+ the more...the more 比较嵌套
33. 【202605 长春三模】
【原句】Admission $4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
【主干】Children are admitted free.
【分层】under 12 years 介词短语作后置定语；accompanied by an adult 过去分词作后置定语。
【翻译】门票4美元。有成人陪伴的12岁以下儿童免费入场。
【考点】双重后置定语压缩修饰
34. 【202605 福州5月质检】
【原句】A household washing machine can generate up to 500 grams of microplastics each year, with much ending up at wastewater treatment plants and ultimately spread onto fields.
【主干】A household washing machine can generate up to 500 grams of microplastics each year.
【分层】with 引导独立主格结构作伴随状语；and 并列两套分词结构。
【翻译】一台家用洗衣机每年可产生多达 500 克微塑料，其中大部分会流入污水处理厂，最终被散播到农田之中。
【考点】with独立主格，主动分词、被动分词并列
35. 【202605 苏锡常镇三模】
【原句】I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on.
【主干】I mention the single parent and I talk about the dad.
【分层】with four kids 介词短语；running the show 现在分词修饰 the single parent；coaching... 现在分词修饰 dad；that...on 定从修饰 team。
【翻译】我提到独自带四个孩子撑起全场的那位单亲家长，也聊到那位执教一支连自己孩子都没加入的球队的父亲。
【考点】with 复合结构 + 分词定语 + 定从
36. 【202605 苏锡常镇三模】
【原句】From the perspective of Self-Determination Theory, outdoor programs meet the three psychological needs that fuel motivation: autonomy (you choose how to face challenges) , competence (you see progress) , and relatedness (you rely on teammates) .
【主干】outdoor programs meet the three psychological needs.
【分层】that 定语从句修饰 needs；冒号并列三组同位结构，括号内分句分别阐释三个需求。
【翻译】依据自我决定理论，户外课程满足驱动内在动力的三大心理需求：自主性(自主选择应对挑战的方式) 、胜任感(亲眼看见自身进步) 、联结感(依靠同伴协作)。
【考点】定语从句 + 冒号同位解释
37. 【202605 长春三模】
【原句】I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on.
【主干】I mention the single parent and I talk about the dad.
【分层】with four kids 介词短语；running the show 现在分词修饰 the single parent；coaching... 现在分词修饰 dad；that...on 定从修饰 team。
【翻译】我提到独自带四个孩子撑起全场的那位单亲家长，也聊到那位执教一支连自己孩子都没加入的球队的父亲。
【考点】with 复合结构 + 分词定语 + 定从
38. 【202605 长春三模】
【原句】She argues against the idea that “the end justifies the means” when it comes to fighting cybercrime, citing a 2024 case where a government accessed a criminal group’s servers to recover stolen data, but in doing so, accidentally obtained the private emails of 10,000 innocent people.
【主干】She argues against the idea.
【分层】that 引导同位语从句解释 idea；when it comes to…固定句式；现在分词 citing 作伴随状语；where 引导定语从句修饰 case，从句内部 but 并列转折谓语。
【翻译】针对打击网络犯罪领域 “目的正当即可不择手段” 的固有观念，她提出反驳，并援引 2024 年一则案例：一国政府入侵犯罪团伙服务器追回被盗数据，却顺带意外获取了一万名无辜民众的私人邮件。
【考点】同位语从句 + 分词状语 + where定语从句
39. 【202605 长春三模】
【原句】One of the most striking chapters focuses on the 2025 “SecureData” case, where a major tech company discovered weakness in its popular messaging app — one that could expose users’ private conversations.
【主干】One of the most striking chapters focuses on the case.
【分层】where 非限制性定语从句修饰 case；破折号后 one 作同位语指代 weakness，内嵌 that 限制性定语从句。
【翻译】全书最有冲击力的章节围绕 2025 年 SecureData 事件展开：一家大型科技企业发现旗下主流通讯 APP 存在漏洞，该漏洞会泄露用户私聊记录。
【考点】where定语从句 + 同位语 + 嵌套定从
40. 【202605 长春三模】
【原句】Ethics in Cybersecurity by Marquez, a former cybersecurity analyst for a global tech firm, is a timely exploration of the moral dilemmas that define modern digital life.
【主干】Ethics in Cybersecurity is a timely exploration of the moral dilemmas.
【分层】a former cybersecurity analyst…同位语插入介绍作者；that 限制性定语从句修饰 moral dilemmas。
【翻译】马尔克斯曾任全球科技企业网络安全分析师，其著作《网络安全伦理学》恰逢其时地剖析了当代数字生活里各类典型道德困境。
【考点】同位语插入分隔主谓 + 定语从句
41. 【202605 Z20 5月联考】
【原句】New research from the University of Bath’s Centre for Climate Change and Social Transformation (CAST) reveals this is what makes hair salons centers of trust that could be used to encourage conversations around climate change.
【主干】New research reveals this is what makes hair salons centers of trust.
【分层】reveals 后省略that宾从；从句内what引导表语从句；that定从修饰centers of trust。
【翻译】巴斯大学气候变化与社会转型研究中心(CAST) 的最新研究表明，正是这一特质让理发店成为天然信任枢纽，可借此发起气候变化相关交流。
【考点】宾语从句嵌套表语从句 + 定语从句
42. 【2025全国I卷阅读B】
【原句】In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A's, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life.
【主干】I met a cowboy, a strict father, and a modern-day Juliet.
【分层】who saved his town 定从修饰 cowboy；who demanded...A's 定从修饰 father；who died...life 定从修饰 Juliet，内含 after 时间状从。
【翻译】去年九年级写作课上，我遇见了一个拯救小镇的牛仔、一个要求儿子门门优秀的严父，以及一个因父母拆散初恋而心碎离世的现代版朱丽叶。
【考点】三并列宾语各带who 定从，demand sb do 虚拟省略 should
本文适合高考生早读、每日一句打卡、英语单词和句子记忆以及阅读专项复盘学习。长难句的核心不是背诵，而是学会快速剥离修饰成分，重点一秒抓修句子主干。
如果您觉得有用，欢迎点赞、在看，转发献给给身边备考的高中同学！
长难句是高考英语阅读的拦路虎。本次整理部分来自历年的高考真题，每一句配备原句、主干、分层分析、中文翻译、核心考点，方便大家学习、精读复盘、早读背诵。
1. 【2020 新高考 I 卷 阅读】
【原句】Admission $4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
【主干】Children are admitted free.
【分层】under 12 years 介词短语作后置定语；accompanied by an adult 过去分词作后置定语。
【翻译】门票4美元。有成人陪伴的12岁以下儿童免费入场。
【考点】双重后置定语压缩修饰
2. 【2023 全国乙卷 阅读】
【原句】Built hundreds of years ago, the old town still keeps its natural beauty and traditional culture which attract thousands of visitors every year.
【主干】the old town still keeps its natural beauty and traditional culture.
【分层】Built...ago 过去分词作背景状语；which...year 定从修饰 beauty and culture。
【翻译】这座数百年前建成的古镇仍保留着每年吸引成千上万游客的自然美景与传统文化。
【考点】done放句首 + 定语从句
3. 【2024 新课标 I 卷 阅读 D】
【原句】Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
【主干】Daru and his team tested how well these data represent patterns.
【分层】Using...animals 现在分词作方式状语；how 引导宾语从句。
【翻译】Daru 及其团队利用含 19 亿条植物、昆虫、鸟类、动物记录的全球数据集，测试这些数据在多大程度上反映实际的全球生物多样性模式。
【考点】分词状语 + how 宾语从句
4. 【2024 新课标 I 卷 七选五】
【原句】Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.
【主干】there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages.
【分层】but 并列；I can leaf through... 定从修饰 pages（省略 that）。
【翻译】当然，如今有大量在线词典和同义词词典，但我守旧到更喜欢能用手指翻阅的精装书和书页。
【考点】并列句+ 省略关系词定从
5. 【2020 全国 I 卷 阅读 D】
【原句】Since lighting is often far removed from the power source — such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway — a lot of energy is lost during transmission.
【主干】a lot of energy is lost during transmission.
【分层】Since 原因状从；破折号间 such as...highway 举例插入。
【翻译】因为照明常远离电源（如从电厂到偏僻公路上的路灯的距离），传输过程中大量能源被损耗。
【考点】Since 状从 + 破折号插入举例
6. 【2022 全国乙卷 阅读】
【原句】First announced in April 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity.
【主干】the tax was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity.
【分层】First announced...2016 过去分词作时间/背景状语；which...100ml 定从句修饰 tax；containing...100ml 现在分词作后置定语修饰 drinks。
【翻译】该税收于2016 年 4 月首次公布，适用于每 100 毫升含糖超 5 克的软饮，旨在帮助降低儿童肥胖率。
【考点】分词状语+ 定从 + 分词定语
7. 【2023 新课标 II 卷 阅读 B】
【原句】More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
【主干】artists have used them as the raw material.
【分层】as 原因状从；破折号后 transforming...sculptures 现在分词作伴随状语。
【翻译】近来，随着书籍变得廉价甚至可随手丢弃，艺术家们已把它们当作艺术品原材料——将封面、书页乃至整本书变成绘画与雕塑。
【考点】as 状从 + 破折号分词伴随
8. 【2023 全国甲卷 阅读 D】
【原句】As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven't been seen in a century or more, they're increasingly being sighted by humans.
【主干】they're being sighted by humans.
【分层】As 引导时间状从；where...more 定从修饰 places；现在进行时被动。
【翻译】随着灰熊活动范围扩展到人们一个多世纪未见其踪迹的地方，它们被人类目击的次数正日益增多。
【考点】As 时间状从 + 定从 + 现在进行被动
9. 【2024 新课标 I 卷 阅读 D】
【原句】This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.
【主干】This makes sense because the people are citizen scientists.
【分层】because 原因状从；who...devices 定从修饰 people；recording...nearby 现在分词作后置定语修饰 scientists。
【翻译】这很合理，因为用移动设备获取生物多样性观察数据的人往往是民间科学家，他们记录的是附近区域遇到的物种。
【考点】because 状从 + 定从 + 分词定语三层嵌套
10. 【2021 全国乙卷 阅读】
【原句】The result is a better understanding of the world that is full of chances that we never noticed before.
【主干】The result is a better understanding of the world.
【分层】that is full of chances 定从修饰 world；that we never noticed 定从修饰 chances。
【翻译】结果是对这个世界更深的理解——一个充满我们从前从未注意到的机会的世界。
【考点】双定从连环套
11. 【2021 新高考 I 卷 阅读】
【原句】The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000 in the quake which hit Sichuan Province in 2008.
【主干】The number of people reached more than 400,000.
【分层】who...injured 定从修饰 people；which...2008 定从修饰 quake。
【翻译】在2008 年袭击四川的那场地震中，遇难或重伤人数超过 40 万。
【考点】双定从并列修饰不同先行词
12. 【2019 全国 II 卷 阅读 B】
【原句】I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on.
【主干】I mention the single parent and I talk about the dad.
【分层】with four kids 介词短语；running the show 现在分词修饰 the single parent；coaching... 现在分词修饰 dad；that...on 定从修饰 team。
【翻译】我提到独自带四个孩子撑起全场的那位单亲家长，也聊到那位执教一支连自己孩子都没加入的球队的父亲。
【考点】with 复合结构 + 分词定语 + 定从
13. 【2020 全国 III 卷 阅读】
【原句】The project, designed to reduce loneliness, offers elderly people a chance to enjoy a meaningful daily life which they would otherwise be denied.
【主干】The project offers elderly people a chance.
【分层】designed...loneliness 过去分词插入定语；to enjoy...life 不定式作 chance 定语；which...denied 定从修饰 life。
【翻译】这项旨在缓解孤独的项目给老人提供享受充实日常生活的机会，否则他们无法拥有。
【考点】分词定语+ 不定式定语 + 定从
14. 【2021 全国甲卷 阅读】
【原句】The study shows that where you live can shape your living habits and personal characters which will stay with you for a lifetime.
【主干】The study shows that where you live can shape your living habits and personal characters.
【分层】that 宾从；where you live 主语从句；which...lifetime 定从修饰 habits and characters。
【翻译】研究表明，居住地能塑造伴随你终生的生活习惯与性格。
【考点】宾从内嵌主语从句+ 定从
15. 【2022 新高考 I 卷 阅读 D】
【原句】Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of 'f' and 'v' increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years.
【主干】Analyses confirmed that there was a global change.
【分层】that 宾从；after...age 时间状语；with...increasing 独立主格作伴随状语。
【翻译】对语言数据库的分析也证实，新石器时代之后世界语言发音发生了全球性变化，其中'f'和'v'的使用在近几千年显著增加。
【考点】宾从+ 独立主格结构
16. 【2022 新高考 I 卷 阅读 D】
【原句】Only when the government introduces stricter regulations and citizens raise awareness can we hope to solve the problem that has plagued the city for years.
【主干】can we hope to solve the problem.
【分层】Only when...awareness 时间状从（部分倒装触发）；that...years 定从修饰 problem。
【翻译】只有当政府出台更严法规且市民提高意识，我们才有希望解决困扰这座城市多年的问题。
【考点】Only 倒装 + 定从
17. 【2023 新课标 I 卷 阅读 D】
【原句】Researchers found that participants who slept less than six hours, compared with those who slept eight hours, showed decreased performance when tested on memory tasks.
【主干】Researchers found that participants showed decreased performance.
【分层】that 宾从；who slept...hours 定从1；compared with... 插入比较；who slept eight hours 定从2；when tested...tasks 时间状从（省略 they were）。
【翻译】研究者发现，与睡八小时者相比，睡眠不足六小时的参与者在记忆任务测试中的表现下降。
【考点】宾从+ 双定从 + 插入比较 + 省略状从
18. 【2023 新高考 I 卷 阅读 C】
【原句】In the final chapter of part one, I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter, drawing on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter.
【主干】I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter.
【分层】drawing on... 现在分词作方式状语；I ran in 2018 定从修饰 experiment（省略 that）；in which... 定从修饰 experiment。
【翻译】第一部分末章，我将引导你完成自己的数字断舍离，借鉴我2018 年做的一项实验——其中 1600 多人同意进行数字断舍离。
【考点】分词状语+ 双重定从（省略+介词前置）
19. 【2022 全国甲卷 阅读】
【原句】The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found that the more parents elaborated on a toy's features or asked open-ended questions, the more engaged and responsive the children became.
【主干】The researchers analyzed video recordings and found that...
【分层】during...home 介词短语；that 宾从；the more...the more 比较结构；or 并列 elaborated / asked。
【翻译】研究者分析了53 对亲子居家日常活动的录像，发现家长越详细讲解玩具特点或提开放式问题，孩子参与和回应的意愿就越强。
【考点】并列谓语+ the more...the more 比较嵌套
20. 【2018 全国 I 卷 阅读】
【原句】The study found that the monkeys were willing to pay more to see the pictures of the offspring of high-ranking female macaques that had attracted their attention.
【主干】The study found that the monkeys were willing to pay more.
【分层】that 宾从；of the offspring... 介词短语；of high-ranking... 介词短语；that had attracted... 定从修饰 macaques。
【翻译】研究发现，猴子愿意花更多代价去看那些吸引了它们注意的高地位母猕猴后代的照片。
【考点】长宾从内嵌多层of 短语 + 定从
21. 【2024 新课标 II 卷 阅读 D】
【原句】In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.
【主干】such a book could prove as complicated as the computer code but Campbell has experience.
【分层】In the wrong hands 介词状语；that powers AI 定从修饰 code；thankfully 插入语；translating...understandable 现在分词修饰 experience。
【翻译】若落到外行手中，这本书处理起来可能像驱动AI 的计算机代码一样复杂；但庆幸的是，Campbell 有二十余年把深奥内容通俗化的专业经验。
【考点】as...as 比较 + 定从 + 分词定语
22. 【2025 全国 I 卷 阅读 B】
【原句】In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A's, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life.
【主干】I met a cowboy, a strict father, and a modern-day Juliet.
【分层】who saved his town 定从修饰 cowboy；who demanded...A's 定从修饰 father；who died...life 定从修饰 Juliet，内含 after 时间状从。
【翻译】去年九年级写作课上，我遇见了一个拯救小镇的牛仔、一个要求儿子门门优秀的严父，以及一个因父母拆散初恋而心碎离世的现代版朱丽叶。
【考点】三并列宾语各带who 定从，demand sb do 虚拟省略 should
23. 【202605 Z20 5月联考】
【原句】The research team interviewed 30 UK salon owners about sustainability, and then ran a nationwide intervention in 25 sustainable salons using Mirror Talkers, where eco-tips are placed on salon mirrors to engender discussions on sustainable haircare practices.
【主干】I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter.
【分层】drawing on... 现在分词作方式状语；I ran in 2018 定从修饰 experiment（省略 that）；in which... 定从修饰 experiment。
【翻译】第一部分末章，我将引导你完成自己的数字断舍离，借鉴我2018 年做的一项实验——其中 1600 多人同意进行数字断舍离。
【考点】分词状语+ 双重定从（省略+介词前置）
24. 【202605 Z20 5月联考】
【原句】The study found nearly 73% of salon clients were likely to change their haircare routines after conversations sparked by the Mirror Talkers, some even switching to eco-friendly products, using cooler water, and adopting greener habits at home.
【主干】The study found nearly 73% of salon clients were likely to change their haircare routines.
【分层】found 后省略 that 宾语从句；过去分词 sparked 后置定语；逗号后独立主格结构，三组并列现在分词作伴随补充。
【翻译】调研显示，近 73% 顾客在镜面提示贴带动交流后，打算调整护发习惯；部分人进一步改用环保洗护产品、调低洗头水温，在家也养成更多绿色生活习惯。
【考点】长宾从 + 独立主格 + 并列分词
25. 【202605 Z20 5月联考】
【原句】Simple messages like ‘most of us use too much shampoo and shampoo too often’ can spark conversations about how shampooing less and at lower temperatures saves time, money, energy, water and is better for your skin and hair.
【主干】Simple messages can spark conversations.
【分层】how 引导宾语从句作介词 about 宾语；动名词并列作从句主语，两套并列谓语共用主语。
【翻译】类似 “大多数人洗发水用量超标、洗头频次过高” 这类简单提示，能顺势展开交流：减少洗头次数、调低水温，既能省时省钱、节水节能，也更养护皮肤与发质。
【考点】as...as 比较 + 定从 + 分词定语
26. 【202605 烟台5月考】
【原句】A growth mindset pioneered by psychologist Carol Dweck, holds that intelligence and abilities can be improved through effort, practice and learning from failure.
【主干】A growth mindset holds that intelligence and abilities can be improved.
【分层】过去分词 pioneered by 后置修饰主语，割裂主句主谓；that 引导宾语从句，介词 through 后并列三组名词 / 动名词作宾语。
【翻译】心理学家卡罗尔・德韦克首创的成长型心智理论认为，智力与能力能够凭借努力、反复练习以及从失败中总结经验实现提升。
【考点】分词插入主谓之间 + 宾从 + 并列宾语
27. 【202605 烟台5月考】
【原句】Yet applying this theory to real classroom settings has produced mixed and inconsistent outcomes, leading Dweck and his colleagues to conduct further investigations into the effectiveness of growth-mindset interventions and the conditions for their success.
【主干】applying this theory has produced mixed and inconsistent outcomes.
【分层】动名词短语作主句主语；句尾现在分词作结果状语，investigations into 后并列两组研究对象。
【翻译】但该理论落地真实课堂后，实验效果参差不齐、结论矛盾。为此德韦克团队继续深入研究：成长型思维干预方案的实际效用，以及干预生效的必备条件。
【考点】动名词作主语 + 结果状语
28. 【202605 武汉5月考】
【原句】The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found that the more parents elaborated on a toy's features or asked open-ended questions, the more engaged and responsive the children became.
【主干】The researchers analyzed video recordings and found that...
【分层】during...home 介词短语；that 宾从；the more...the more 比较结构；or 并列 elaborated / asked。
【翻译】研究者分析了53 对亲子居家日常活动的录像，发现家长越详细讲解玩具特点或提开放式问题，孩子参与和回应的意愿就越强。
【考点】并列谓语+ the more...the more 比较嵌套
29. 【202605 武汉5月考】
【原句】First announced in April 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity.
【主干】the tax was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity.
【分层】First announced...2016 过去分词作时间/背景状语；which...100ml 定从修饰 tax；containing...100ml 现在分词作后置定语修饰 drinks。
【翻译】该税收于2016 年 4 月首次公布，适用于每 100 毫升含糖超 5 克的软饮，旨在帮助降低儿童肥胖率。
【考点】分词状语+ 定从 + 分词定语
30. 【202605 苏锡常镇三模】
【原句】I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on.
【主干】I mention the single parent and I talk about the dad.
【分层】with four kids 介词短语；running the show 现在分词修饰 the single parent；coaching... 现在分词修饰 dad；that...on 定从修饰 team。
【翻译】我提到独自带四个孩子撑起全场的那位单亲家长，也聊到那位执教一支连自己孩子都没加入的球队的父亲。
【考点】with 复合结构 + 分词定语 + 定从
31. 【202605 苏锡常镇三模】
【原句】While bioluminescence—the ability of living things to produce their own light—has long interested scientists, a lesser-known phenomenon called bio-fluorescence (生物荧光) is now stealing the spotlight.
【主干】a lesser-known phenomenon is now stealing the spotlight.
【分层】while 引导让步状语从句；破折号内同位语解释 bioluminescence；过去分词 called 后置修饰 phenomenon。
【翻译】生物发光（生物自主产生光线的能力）长久以来备受科学家关注，而一种知名度更低的生物荧光现象，如今正成为研究焦点。
【考点】while让步状语从句 + 同位语插入 + 分词定语
32. 【202605 长春三模】
【原句】The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found that the more parents elaborated on a toy's features or asked open-ended questions, the more engaged and responsive the children became.
【主干】The researchers analyzed video recordings and found that...
【分层】during...home 介词短语；that 宾从；the more...the more 比较结构；or 并列 elaborated / asked。
【翻译】研究者分析了53 对亲子居家日常活动的录像，发现家长越详细讲解玩具特点或提开放式问题，孩子参与和回应的意愿就越强。
【考点】并列谓语+ the more...the more 比较嵌套
33. 【202605 长春三模】
【原句】Admission $4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
【主干】Children are admitted free.
【分层】under 12 years 介词短语作后置定语；accompanied by an adult 过去分词作后置定语。
【翻译】门票4美元。有成人陪伴的12岁以下儿童免费入场。
【考点】双重后置定语压缩修饰
34. 【202605 福州5月质检】
【原句】A household washing machine can generate up to 500 grams of microplastics each year, with much ending up at wastewater treatment plants and ultimately spread onto fields.
【主干】A household washing machine can generate up to 500 grams of microplastics each year.
【分层】with 引导独立主格结构作伴随状语；and 并列两套分词结构。
【翻译】一台家用洗衣机每年可产生多达 500 克微塑料，其中大部分会流入污水处理厂，最终被散播到农田之中。
【考点】with独立主格，主动分词、被动分词并列
35. 【202605 苏锡常镇三模】
【原句】I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on.
【主干】I mention the single parent and I talk about the dad.
【分层】with four kids 介词短语；running the show 现在分词修饰 the single parent；coaching... 现在分词修饰 dad；that...on 定从修饰 team。
【翻译】我提到独自带四个孩子撑起全场的那位单亲家长，也聊到那位执教一支连自己孩子都没加入的球队的父亲。
【考点】with 复合结构 + 分词定语 + 定从
36. 【202605 苏锡常镇三模】
【原句】From the perspective of Self-Determination Theory, outdoor programs meet the three psychological needs that fuel motivation: autonomy (you choose how to face challenges) , competence (you see progress) , and relatedness (you rely on teammates) .
【主干】outdoor programs meet the three psychological needs.
【分层】that 定语从句修饰 needs；冒号并列三组同位结构，括号内分句分别阐释三个需求。
【翻译】依据自我决定理论，户外课程满足驱动内在动力的三大心理需求：自主性(自主选择应对挑战的方式) 、胜任感(亲眼看见自身进步) 、联结感(依靠同伴协作)。
【考点】定语从句 + 冒号同位解释
37. 【202605 长春三模】
【原句】I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on.
【主干】I mention the single parent and I talk about the dad.
【分层】with four kids 介词短语；running the show 现在分词修饰 the single parent；coaching... 现在分词修饰 dad；that...on 定从修饰 team。
【翻译】我提到独自带四个孩子撑起全场的那位单亲家长，也聊到那位执教一支连自己孩子都没加入的球队的父亲。
【考点】with 复合结构 + 分词定语 + 定从
38. 【202605 长春三模】
【原句】She argues against the idea that “the end justifies the means” when it comes to fighting cybercrime, citing a 2024 case where a government accessed a criminal group’s servers to recover stolen data, but in doing so, accidentally obtained the private emails of 10,000 innocent people.
【主干】She argues against the idea.
【分层】that 引导同位语从句解释 idea；when it comes to…固定句式；现在分词 citing 作伴随状语；where 引导定语从句修饰 case，从句内部 but 并列转折谓语。
【翻译】针对打击网络犯罪领域 “目的正当即可不择手段” 的固有观念，她提出反驳，并援引 2024 年一则案例：一国政府入侵犯罪团伙服务器追回被盗数据，却顺带意外获取了一万名无辜民众的私人邮件。
【考点】同位语从句 + 分词状语 + where定语从句
39. 【202605 长春三模】
【原句】One of the most striking chapters focuses on the 2025 “SecureData” case, where a major tech company discovered weakness in its popular messaging app — one that could expose users’ private conversations.
【主干】One of the most striking chapters focuses on the case.
【分层】where 非限制性定语从句修饰 case；破折号后 one 作同位语指代 weakness，内嵌 that 限制性定语从句。
【翻译】全书最有冲击力的章节围绕 2025 年 SecureData 事件展开：一家大型科技企业发现旗下主流通讯 APP 存在漏洞，该漏洞会泄露用户私聊记录。
【考点】where定语从句 + 同位语 + 嵌套定从
40. 【202605 长春三模】
【原句】Ethics in Cybersecurity by Marquez, a former cybersecurity analyst for a global tech firm, is a timely exploration of the moral dilemmas that define modern digital life.
【主干】Ethics in Cybersecurity is a timely exploration of the moral dilemmas.
【分层】a former cybersecurity analyst…同位语插入介绍作者；that 限制性定语从句修饰 moral dilemmas。
【翻译】马尔克斯曾任全球科技企业网络安全分析师，其著作《网络安全伦理学》恰逢其时地剖析了当代数字生活里各类典型道德困境。
【考点】同位语插入分隔主谓 + 定语从句
41. 【202605 Z20 5月联考】
【原句】New research from the University of Bath’s Centre for Climate Change and Social Transformation (CAST) reveals this is what makes hair salons centers of trust that could be used to encourage conversations around climate change.
【主干】New research reveals this is what makes hair salons centers of trust.
【分层】reveals 后省略that宾从；从句内what引导表语从句；that定从修饰centers of trust。
【翻译】巴斯大学气候变化与社会转型研究中心(CAST) 的最新研究表明，正是这一特质让理发店成为天然信任枢纽，可借此发起气候变化相关交流。
【考点】宾语从句嵌套表语从句 + 定语从句
42. 【2025全国I卷阅读B】
【原句】In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A's, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life.
【主干】I met a cowboy, a strict father, and a modern-day Juliet.
【分层】who saved his town 定从修饰 cowboy；who demanded...A's 定从修饰 father；who died...life 定从修饰 Juliet，内含 after 时间状从。
【翻译】去年九年级写作课上，我遇见了一个拯救小镇的牛仔、一个要求儿子门门优秀的严父，以及一个因父母拆散初恋而心碎离世的现代版朱丽叶。
【考点】三并列宾语各带who 定从，demand sb do 虚拟省略 should
本文适合高考生早读、每日一句打卡、英语单词和句子记忆以及阅读专项复盘学习。长难句的核心不是背诵，而是学会快速剥离修饰成分，重点一秒抓修句子主干。
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