1.25 考研英语阅读模拟试题【难度6.6】

Section II Reading Comprehension 

Part A 

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. 

Text 4

Sleeping during the day is usually the preserve of shift workers and cats. But the science suggests that office workers can benefit, too. A randomised controlled trial in 2023 found that nappers woke up with improvements to mood, alertness and memory. Napping habitually might also be wise. A study from 2007 by the Harvard School of Public Health found that healthy adults who took regular naps had a 37% lower risk of dying from heart disease compared with non-nappers. One published in 2003 in Sleep Health suggested that habitual napping could even add years to your life by slowing the rate at which your brain shrinks with age.

Timing is crucial, though. Sleep scientists tend to agree that a short “power” nap, somewhere between ten and 30 minutes, is best. For example, in 1994 NASA found that a 26-minute power nap enhanced pilots’ physiological awareness and performance. Sleep for too long and you enter the deeper phases of the 90-minute sleep cycle and wake up feeling groggy. You may also struggle to fall asleep at night.

Taking longer naps on a regular basis could even have deleterious effects. A meta-analysis in 2016 concluded that daily naps lasting more than an hour increased the risk of developing diabetes and associated cardiovascular trouble. And a study involving 1,400 participants in 2023 found a link between frequent extended naps and a higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s. An alarm clock is a vital tool for the health-conscious.

Some sleep experts contend that humans are biologically disposed to nap. They point to a natural dip in alertness after midday, caused by fluctuations in the circadian rhythm. Studies which find that power naps do not disrupt night-time sleep also appear to bolster the case for kipping twice a day. In cultures where this is common, however, nappers must still rest at night for the recommended seven hours.

What types of health consequences, writes Matthew Walker, a neuroscientist, in “Why We Sleep”, have been caused by humans’ abandonment of biphasic sleep (the practice of splitting up daily slumber into two chunks)? Many people recognise the feeling of post-lunch lethargy; few give into it. Nowadays falling asleep in the middle of the day is not always practical—workers have little opportunity to take a voluntary break from consciousness. Some opt for micro-sleeps instead. But the research suggests that the benefits of getting less than five minutes of shut-eye wear off quickly.

Coffee is a popular antidote to midday drowsiness. A nappuccino might work better. A study published in 2008 found power naps to be more effective than caffeine at improving alertness and memory. Research published last year suggested that a midday doze could even reverse the effects of a bad night’s sleep.

36. The 2007 study by the Harvard School of Public Health is cited to show that napping ______.

[A] significantly improves mood and alertness immediately upon waking 

[B] is most beneficial when limited to under 30 minutes 

[C] may reduce the mortality rate associated with cardiac issues 

[D] can prevent the brain from shrinking as people age

37. According to the text, why is the duration of a nap considered "crucial"?

[A] Long naps fail to enhance physiological awareness. 

[B] Extended napping may lead to sleep inertia and disrupt night sleep. 

[C] A 90-minute cycle is required to fully restore memory. 

[D] Short naps are insufficient for pilots to improve performance.

38. The author suggests that taking daily naps lasting more than an hour ______.

[A] is a habit particular to shift workers and cats 

[B] helps lower the risk of developing Alzheimer’s 

[C] is recommended for those with cardiovascular trouble 

[D] may be detrimental to one's long-term health

39. Matthew Walker mentions "biphasic sleep" (Para. 5) to discuss ______.

[A] the practical difficulties workers face in taking breaks 

[B] the potential health impacts of modern sleeping patterns 

[C] the ineffectiveness of micro-sleeps in curing lethargy 

[D] the cultural differences in recommended sleep hours

40. In the last paragraph, the author implies that compared to caffeine, power naps are ______.

[A] less effective in combating drowsiness 

[B] a superior solution for restoring mental function 

[C] more likely to disturb night-time sleep 

[D] only useful if combined with coffee as a "nappuccino"

附注：根据历年考研英语真题阅读题源外刊等，摘选最新文章，模拟仿真出题。

参考答案见以下。

Quick look: CBDBB

36. 【答案】C

【解析】题型：例证/细节题

定位： 第一段第四句 "A study from 2007... found that healthy adults who took regular naps had a 37% lower risk of dying from heart disease..."

分析： 文中明确指出，哈佛的研究发现定期午睡的人死于心脏病（heart disease）的风险降低了 37%。选项 C "reduce the mortality rate associated with cardiac issues" 是对原文的同义改写（cardiac issues = heart disease）。干扰项：[A] 这是 2023 年随机对照试验的结果，不是哈佛 2007 年的研究。 [B] 这是第二段关于时间的讨论，并非该研究的发现。 [D] 这是 2003 年发表在《Sleep Health》上的另一项研究结论。

37. 【答案】B

【解析】题型：因果细节题

定位： 第二段第三、四句 "Sleep for too long and you enter the deeper phases... wake up feeling groggy. You may also struggle to fall asleep at night."

分析： 文中解释了时间至关重要的原因：如果睡太久，会进入深睡眠阶段，醒来感到昏昏沉沉（groggy），且可能影响晚上的睡眠。选项 B 准确概括了这两点副作用。

干扰项：[A] 原文说 NASA 发现 26 分钟（短睡）可以增强意识，并未说长睡“未能增强”，长睡的主要问题是副作用（副作用掩盖了益处）。 [C] 文中提到进入 90 分钟周期会导致副作用，而非推荐睡满 90 分钟。 [D] 原文明确说短睡增强了飞行员的表现。

38. 【答案】D

【解析】题型：推断/细节题

定位： 第三段第一、二句 "Taking longer naps... could even have deleterious effects... increased the risk of developing diabetes..."

分析： 文章指出长睡可能有“有害影响”（deleterious effects），并列举了糖尿病、心血管问题和阿尔茨海默病风险增加等例子。选项 D "detrimental to one's long-term health" 是对 deleterious effects 的完美对应。

干扰项：[A] 第一段第一句的内容，与长睡的后果无关。 [B] 原文说是 linked to a higher risk，选项反了。 [C] 原文说是增加风险，显然不推荐。

39. 【答案】B

【解析】题型：修辞目的题

定位： 第五段第一句 "What types of health consequences... have been caused by humans’ abandonment of biphasic sleep...?"

分析： Matthew Walker 提到“双相睡眠”（biphasic sleep）是为了探讨人类放弃这种睡眠模式（即现代单次睡眠模式）所带来的“健康后果”（health consequences）。这对应选项 B。

干扰项：[A] 这是该段后半部分提到的现代工作环境限制，不是 Walker 提及该术语的直接目的。 [C] 微睡眠（micro-sleeps）是后文提到的另一种替代方案，与双相睡眠概念不同。 [D] 第四段末尾提到了文化差异，不属于 Walker 的观点。

40. 【答案】B

【解析】题型：推断/细节题

定位： 最后一段第三句 "A study published in 2008 found power naps to be more effective than caffeine at improving alertness and memory."

分析： 研究发现强力午睡在改善警觉性和记忆力方面比咖啡因（caffeine）更有效。选项 B "superior solution for restoring mental function" 对应原文的 "more effective... improving alertness and memory"。

干扰项：[A] 与原文相反。 [C] 第四段提到短睡不干扰夜间睡眠，且本段未提及此比较。 [D] 虽然文中提到了 "nappuccino"（午睡+咖啡），但 2008 年的研究是比较两者（more effective than），而不是说必须结合使用才有效。

【参考译文】

白天睡觉通常是倒班工人和猫的专利。但科学表明，办公室职员也能从中受益。2023 年的一项随机对照试验发现，午睡者醒来后情绪、警觉性和记忆力都有所改善。习惯性午睡或许也是明智之举。哈佛大学公共卫生学院 2007 年的一项研究发现，与不午睡的人相比，定期午睡的健康成年人死于心脏病的风险降低了 37%。2003 年发表在《睡眠健康》上的一项研究表明，习惯性午睡甚至可以通过减缓大脑随年龄萎缩的速度来延长寿命。

然而，时机至关重要。睡眠科学家倾向于认为，10 到 30 分钟的短暂“强力”午睡（power nap）是最好的。例如，NASA 在 1994 年发现，26 分钟的强力午睡增强了飞行员的生理觉知和表现。睡得太久，你就会进入 90 分钟睡眠周期的更深阶段，醒来时会感到昏昏沉沉。你还可能晚上难以入睡。

定期进行较长时间的午睡甚至可能产生有害影响。2016 年的一项荟萃分析得出结论，每天午睡超过一小时会增加患糖尿病和相关心血管疾病的风险。2023 年一项涉及 1400 名参与者的研究发现，频繁的长午睡与患阿尔茨海默病的更高风险之间存在联系。对于注重健康的人来说，闹钟是一个至关重要的工具。

一些睡眠专家认为，人类在生物学上倾向于午睡。他们指出，由于昼夜节律的波动，午后警觉性会出现自然下降。那些发现强力午睡不会扰乱夜间睡眠的研究，似乎也支持了每天睡两觉（kipping twice a day）的观点。不过，在午睡普遍的文化中，午睡者晚上仍需休息建议的七个小时。

神经科学家马修·沃克（Matthew Walker）在《我们要睡觉》一书中写道，人类放弃双相睡眠（即把每天的睡眠分成两段的做法）导致了哪些类型的健康后果呢？许多人都体会过午饭后的嗜睡感；很少有人屈服于它。如今，在白天睡觉并不总是切合实际的——工人们几乎没有机会自愿从意识中抽离休息。有些人选择微睡眠（micro-sleeps）作为替代。但研究表明，少于五分钟的闭眼休息带来的好处很快就会消失。

咖啡是缓解午间困倦的流行解毒剂。“午睡咖啡”（nappuccino）效果可能更好。2008 年发表的一项研究发现，强力午睡在提高警觉性和记忆力方面比咖啡因更有效。去年发表的研究表明，午间小憩甚至可以逆转糟糕的夜间睡眠带来的影响。

附注：

 ©图源水印/网络