2026年6月CATTI三笔真题参考译文:恐狼复活

Over the past week, the media have been inundated with news of the “de-extinction” of the dire wolf (恐狼)—a species that went extinct about 13,000 years ago. The breakthrough has been achieved by Colossal Biosciences (巨创生物科学公司), a multibillion-dollar United States company that claims their goal is to restore biodiversity through the de-extinction of species. The project is being debated and marketed as a conservation win. But does this technology really have the best interests of conservation in mind? We argue as ecologists that genetic advancements like these, while they are major scientific and technological feats, still risk minimizing the severity of the current extinction crisis. Importantly, they take away focus from proven conservation efforts that are needed to protect the biodiversity that remains.

过去一周，媒体大肆报道/铺天盖地的报道“恐狼复活”的消息，而恐狼早在1.3 万余年前就已灭绝。取得这一技术突破的企业是美国市值数十亿美元的巨创生物科学公司。该公司称，其目标是通过复活已经灭绝的物种，恢复生物多样性。该计划不仅引发广泛讨论，而且被认为是生态保护领域又一重大胜利。但这项技术真的以生态保护的核心利益为出发点吗？作为生态学者，我们认为，此类基因技术进步固然是重大科技进展，却会削弱当下全球物种灭绝危机的严峻程度。重要的是，它会转移众注意力，让人忽视那些经实践验证、用以保护现存生物多样性的保护举措//它分散了/转移了人们对经过实践验证的保护措施的注意力，而这些措施对保护现存生物多样性至关重要。

First, it is important to recognize that the three “dire wolf” pups created are not actually dire wolves. Colossal carried out 20 edits in 14 genes of the grey wolf genome to create their “dire wolves” using a genetic technique called CRISPR-Cas9. The grey wolf's genome is 2.4 billion base pairs (碱基对) long. Would we consider a chimpanzee, with which we share 98.8% of our genome, to be human after 20 edits? The reality is that there are three slightly modified grey wolves.

首先，我们必须认识到/我们必须明白，此次培育出的三只“恐狼”幼崽并非真正的恐狼。巨创公司采用一项名为CRISPR-Cas9的基因编辑技术，对灰狼基因组中14个基因进行了20处编辑，从而培育出他们口中所谓的“恐狼”。灰狼的基因组长度为24亿个碱基对/灰狼的基因组有24亿个碱基对。人类与黑猩猩基因组相似度高达 98.8%，难道我们会因此认为，一只经过20处基因编辑的黑猩猩就是人类了吗？现实是/事实是，这三只所谓的“恐狼”，不过是经过轻微基因改造后的灰狼罢了。

This de-extinction project has had millions of dollars poured into it—amounts of money most conservation programs could only dream of. There are proven solutions to help reverse biodiversity loss: habitat protection and restoration, the control of invasive species and the phasing out of fossil fuels. However, those solutions are not slickly marketed as shiny, techno-fix packages like de-extinction. Instead, they are heavily underfunded.

目前，这项灭绝物种复活项目已投入数百万美元——这一资金规模是绝大多数生态保护项目连想都不敢想的/做梦都不敢想的。‌目前已有行之有效/经过验证、有助于逆转生物多样性丧失的解决方案：栖息地保护和恢复、管控入侵物种，以及逐步淘汰化石燃料。‌然而，这些解决方案并未像灭绝物种复活那样，被包装成光鲜亮丽的“万能技术解决方案”进行大肆宣传；相反，它们严重缺乏资金支持。‌

Promoting extinction as reversible risks downplaying its gravity and legacy. Headlines like the one that appeared on the front cover of TIME magazine—with the word “extinct” crossed out—seed a false hope that no matter what environmental damage is done, species loss can be easily undone. The risk is that de-extinction will be used as an ultimate offset for any environment impact. It is what makes fighting biodiversity loss such an urgent concern, so much so that people risk their lives to prevent it, with 150 wildlife rangers dying each year around the world in their fight to protect endangered species. Framing extinction as temporary creates false hope and undermines motivation for real conservation action.

宣扬物种灭绝可以逆转，可能弱化/淡化物种灭绝事件的严重程度及负面影响。正如某期《时代周刊》封面上刊登的标题那样，将“灭绝（extinct）”一词删掉，此举种下一种虚幻的/虚假的希望：无论造成多么严重的环境破坏，物种灭绝都能轻松实现逆转。且风险在于/隐患在于，复活灭绝物种将沦为一切环境破坏的终极补偿机制/手段。‌正因如此，对抗生物多样性丧失/保护生物多样性成为如此紧迫的议题，以至于人们甘愿以命相搏——全球每年有150名野生动物护林员在保护濒危物种的战斗中献出生命。倘若将物种灭绝描述为一种短暂现象，只会营造虚幻的希望，削弱人们开展实质性环保举措的动力。

We might already be seeing this happen in response to the “de-extinction” of the dire wolf. Interior Secretary of the US administration, Doug Burgum (道格・伯古姆), praised the new biotechnology advancement and used it as an argument for the removal of the US Endangered Species Act. What good is bringing back species if there are no protective laws to address the drivers of their declines? It is deeply ironic that while millions are being spent recreating a dire wolf proxy, its cousin, the grey wolf, is heavily persecuted globally; other predators are affected, too. In Australia, the dingo, which has been shown to suppress invasive cats and red foxes, helping native biodiversity, is also heavily persecuted.

复活恐狼的负面/不良影响正逐步显现。美国内政部长道格・伯古姆（Doug Burgum）对这项全新的生物技术进步大加赞扬/赞不绝口，并以此作为论据，主张废除《美国濒危物种法案》。可问题是，倘若我们连解决种群衰退的保护法律都没有，何谈复活这些已经灭绝的物种？//那么复活这些已经灭绝的物种又有何意义呢？一方面，我们投入巨额资金培育恐狼的替代物种，而另一方面，恐狼的近亲灰狼却在全球范围内遭遇大肆捕杀，何其讽刺！同样，地球上其他掠食性动物也难逃被捕杀的命运。研究证明，澳洲野犬能够抑制/压制野猫和赤狐等外来入侵物种，保护澳洲本土生物多样性，如今澳洲野犬也在遭受大肆捕杀。

If we can't safeguard or protect habitat for apex predators today, in ecosystems that are already under immense pressure, what kind of world would we be bringing extinct species back into? Up to 150 species are considered to go extinct every day. No amount of genetic tech will solve this unless we address the root causes: habitat destruction, over-exploitation and climate change. The de-extinction of the dire wolf may sound like a conservation breakthrough, but it risks distracting us from the protection of our current living species. This approach turns biodiversity conservation into a billionaire's Jurassic Park fantasy instead of addressing the crisis we already know how to fix.

如今地球各类生态系统都面临巨大压力，倘若我们连顶级掠食者的栖息地都无力守护，即便复活已经灭绝的物种，这些物种又将生活在一个怎样的世界中？全球每天约有150个物种走向灭绝。除非我们能够解决栖息地破坏、过度开发、气候变化等根源性问题，否则再多的基因技术也无法解决物种灭绝问题。复活恐狼看似是生态保护领域内的重大突破，但可能偏离我们保护现存物种的工作重心。‌复活已经灭绝的物种将生物多样性保护扭曲为千万富豪脑中《侏罗纪公园》式的幻想，而非切实解决我们早已知道如何化解的/应对的危机。‌

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