2027届高三英语一轮复习语法小专题:虚拟语气导学案

虚拟语气的概念：虚拟语气就是表示说话人的愿望、假设或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。

虚拟语气的运用：

一．if引起的虚拟条件句

1：与现在事实相反,从句用一般过去时(be动词用were),主句用would/could/might/should +do。

If she had time, she would go with you.

If I were a bird, I would fly freely in the air.

2：与过去事实相反,从句用过去完成时,主句用would/could/might/should have done。

If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.

3：与将来事实相反,从句谓语三选一：①一般过去时②were to do ③should do,主句用would/could/might/should do。

If it rained/were to rain/should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.

4：错综条件句，即主句和从句与不同时间相反，则根据主从句位置和事实区别对待对号入座。

If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.

If you were older, I would have allowed you to go there alone yesterday.

5：if条件句若省略if，则把were/ should/ had提前到句首构成部分倒装句。

Were I you (= If I were you), I would go abroad at once.

Had I arrived (= If I had arrived) five minutes earlier, I would have caught the train.

Should he come (=If he should come) today, tell him to ring me up.

6：含蓄条件句，即句子含有without, but for, otherwise等词，后面按主句对待。

But for the rain, we would have finished the work.

I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.

I would have delivered a speech, but I had a cold that day.

二、从句谓语用“(should)+动词原形”场合

1：一、二、三、四类动词(一坚持insist二命令order, command三建议advise, suggest, recommend四要求demand, desire, require, request)接从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。但应注意insist表示“坚持说”，suggest表示“暗示，表明”时，后接宾语从句应用陈述语气。

It is suggested that the meeting should be put off till next week.

The doctor ordered that the patient (should) be sent to hospital without delay.

The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.

2：一二三四类动词派生来的名词(order, command, advice, suggestion, requirement等)后接从句，该从句谓语动词用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。

We agreed to the order that the task (should) be completed at 5 o'clock.

Our only request is that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.

三、特殊句型与虚拟语气

1：I wish that…从句与过去、现在、将来事实相反，分别用had done, did, would/could do。

I wish that I were ten years younger.

I wish that I had met that film star yesterday.

2：if only表示“如果……该多好”，as if/though表示“好像”，从句虚拟用法同上。

He looks as if he were an artist.

She looks as if nothing had happened to her.

If only I had seen the film with Jane last night.

注意：as if /as though 也可用于陈述语气，表示谈论可能或真实的事情。如：

It looks as if it’s going to rain.

3：I would rather that…从句与过去事实相反用过去完成时，与现在、将来相反用一般过去时。（从句的谓语动词用过去时表对现在或将来虚拟，用过去完成时表对过去虚拟）

I'd rather that he had gone to the seaside with me the day before yesterday.

When my father is upset, he would rather that we left him alone.

4：It is high/about time that..后面常用did或should do, should不能省，意为“早该……”。

It is high time that you went to school.

It is about time that we should set out at once.

单句语法填空

1. If I ____________ (be) you, I _______________(accept) the invitation to the party.

2. If there ____________ (be) no air or water, there _______________(be) no living things on the earth.

3. If my lawyer ____________ (be) here last Saturday, he _______________(prevent) me from going.

4. If he ____________ (take) my advice, he _______________(not lose) his job.

5. If we ____________ (take) the other road, we _______________(arrive) here in time for the meeting.

6. If the new safety system ____________ (put) to use, the accident _______________(never happen).

7. If it ____________ (rain) tomorrow, we _______________(not go) climbing.

8. If you ____________ (follow) my advice just now, you _______________(be) better now.

9. If it ____________ (not be) for his invitation the other day, I _______________(not be) here now.

10. If we ____________ (catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach.

11. Had you listened to the doctor, you ____________ (be) all right now.

12. If you hadn't seen that movie last night, you ____________ (not be) so sleepy now.

13. ____________ (be) I you, I would go abroad at once.

14. ____________ (have) I arrived five minutes earlier, I would have caught the train.

15. ____________ he come today, tell him to ring me up.

16. What a pity! The parents could have survived the earthquake ____________ they not come back to save their child.

17. What would have happened ____________ Bob walked farther, as far as the river bank?

18. But for the rain, we ____________ (finish) the work.

19. I was ill that day. Otherwise, I ____________ (take) part in the sports meet.

20. I would have delivered a speech, but I ____________ (have) a cold that day.

21. It is lucky we booked a room, or we ____________ (have) nowhere to stay now.

22. But for your text message, I ____________ (leave) home without my ID card this morning.

23. The driver was really careless, otherwise the traffic accident ____________ (not happen).

24. But for my teacher's generous and timely help, I ____________ (not go) through the hard times.

25. Luckily, we'd brought a road map without which we ____________ (lose) our way.

26. Had you taken his advice, you ____________ (not make) such a mistake.

27. The doctor ordered that the patient ____________ (send) to hospital without delay.

28. He demanded that the meeting ____________ (not put) off.

29. It is demanded that the plan ____________ (carry) out as soon as possible.

30. My sister advised me that I ____________ (accept) the invitation.

31. I insisted that he ____________ (go) at once.

32. It is suggested that the meeting ____________ (put) off till next week.

33. We agreed to the order that the task ____________ (complete) at 5 o'clock.

34. Our only request is that this ____________ (settle) as soon as possible.

35. I wish that I ____________ (be) ten years younger.

36. I wish that I ____________ (meet) that film star yesterday.

37. Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I ____________ (dance) as well as her.

38. He looks as if he ____________ (be) an artist, but, in fact, he is a cook.

39. If only I ____________ (see) the film with Jane last night.

40. I'd rather that he ____________ (go) to the seaside with me the day before yesterday.

41. When my father is upset, he would rather that we ____________ (leave) him alone.

42. It is high time that you ____________ (go) to school.

答案

1. were, would accept;2. were,would be;3. had been,would have prevented;4. had taken,wouldn't have lost;5. had taken,would have arrived;6. had been put,would never have happened;7. rained / were to rain / should rain,would not go;8. had followed,would be;9. had not been,would not be;10. had caught;11. would be;12. wouldn't be;13. Were14. Had;15. Should;16. had;17. had;18. would have finished;19. would have taken;20. had;21. would have;22. would have left;23. wouldn't have happened;24. wouldn't have gone;25. would have lost;26. wouldn't have made;27. (should) be sent;28. (should) not be put;29. (should) be carried;30. (should) accept;31. (should) go;32. (should) be put;33. (should) be completed;34. (should) be settled;35. were;36. had met;37. danced;38. were;39. had seen;40. had gone;41. left42. went / should go