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Renewable Energy

①Thegoal should be to curb global warming, not to achieve 100% renewable energy. ②Notthat long ago, the world wondered whether clean energy could survive withoutlavish government support. ③Nowthe question is how far it can spread. ④Thenumber of electric vehicles, which reached 1m in 2015, last year reached 2m;countries like France and firms like Volvo are looking ahead to the demise ofthe internal combustion engine. ⑤Inelectricity generation, too, momentum is with the greens. ⑥InJune the Chinese province of Qinghai ran for seven consecutive days onrenewable energy alone; in the first half of this year wind, solar and hydrogenerated a record 35% of Germany's power. ⑦Greatersuccess is breeding greater ambition. ⑧Californiais proposing to reach 60% renewable energy by 2030; 176 countries haveclean-energy goals.

①Hawaii,America's most oil-dependent state, has pledged to be 100% renewable by themiddle of the century. ②Sohave 48 poor countries vulnerable to climate change. ③Thisweek the number of multinationals making a commitment to run their operationson 100% renewable energy rose to 100. ④Evenif such targets are never met, they galvanize effort. ⑤Theyalso provide reassurance about long-term climate policy, despite reversals suchas America's withdrawal from the Paris agreement. ⑥Theresulting economies of scale help bring down the costs of wind and solarprojects. ⑦Butnot every target is helpful. ⑧Tosee why, consider that goal of 100% renewable energy. ⑨Itmakes solving climate change seem deceptively easy. ⑩Infact, though wind and solar can generate all a country's electricity on somedays, renewables still account for less than 8% of the world's total poweroutput. Moreover, cleaning up electricity is only part of the battle.

①Eventhough gas-fired heating and cooking can be at least as big a source ofgreenhouse-gas emissions, renewable heating gets minuscule attention. ②Transportpolicy is erratic, too. ③Carmakersmay hit their goal of annual sales of 10m electric vehicles in a decade, butbattery-powered road haulage, shipping and aviation are dreams. ④Amuch-quoted claim that America could rely on wind, solar and hydro alone forits electricity has recently been witheringly criticized by a group ofrespected academics. ⑤Mostimportant, a 100% renewables target confuses means with ends. ⑥Thepriority for the planet is to stop net emissions of greenhouse gases,especially carbon dioxide. ⑦Puttingtoo much emphasis on wind, solar and other renewables may block off bettercarbon-reduction paths. ⑧Afterdecades of investment, it is wrong to leave nuclear power off the table. ⑨Carbonemissions in Germany actually rose because it chose to phase out nuclear powerand so burned more coal.

①Newtechnologies, such as “direct air capture” systems designed to separate carbondioxide from the air, may in time prove vital. ②Likewise,greater energy efficiency could reduce emissions by even more than deployingrenewables would. ③Indianslast year consumed twice as much energy from newly installed air conditionersas they produced from new solar farms. ④Moreaccurate metering of energy consumption could encourage companies andhouseholds to rein in power demand.⑤Itwould be better, as the Paris agreement urges, for countries to focus onreductions in emissions rather than to set goals for renewable energy. ⑥Globalemissions have stabilized in the past three years, which is encouraging. ⑦Butto stand a chance of mitigating global warming, they must start falling sharplyand keep doing so for decades. ⑧Theworld will move in that direction with the help of wind and solar. ⑨Itwill not get there without big advances on every other front as well.

1.According to the author, the driving forcebehind clean energy should be ________.

[A] the demand for greater energy

[B] the support fromgovernment 

[C] the requirement for electricitygeneration

[D] the mitigation of globalwarming 

2.The word ―galvanize (line 4, paragraph2) most probably means_______.

[A] pay

[B] suppress

[C] encourage

[D] restrain

3.According to paragraph 2, 100% renewables target is unlikely because______.

[A]electric generation by clean energy can hardly survive the world

[B]the large scale of funds should be involved

[C]America fails to fulfill Paris agreement

[D]the result of climate change is worse than the lack of renewables

4.What can we infer from the passage?

[A]India has a lower emissions for Indians use solar energy. 

[B]Greater energy efficiency is more practical than more renewables

[C]Large energy demand results from companies and households.

[D]Global warming would possibly be solved if global emissions keep reducing.  

5.An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be___________.

[A] Renewables vs. Global Warming

[B] Green Energy and Its Problems

[C] Renewable Energy Targets: agreen dream

[D] Fors and Againsts of RenewableEnergy

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正确答案

D C A B C

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