2024年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第二套)Part III Reading Comprehension 的 Section B 和 Section C
- 2026-10-10 10:59:15
2024年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第二套)Part III Reading Comprehension 的 Section B 和 Section CIf we care about plastic waste, why won't we stop drinking bottled water? We have all seen the damage plastic waste is doing around the world, but sales of bottled water have continued to grow. A) For all the innovation and choice that define the food and drink industries, if you want to make money, you could do a lot worse than fill a bottle with water and sell it. A litre of tap water, the stuff we have cleverly piped into our homes, costs less than half a penny. A litre of bottled water can cost well over a pound, especially for something fancy that has been sucked through a mountain. B) Yet the bottled water market is livelier than ever. It defies our increasing awareness of the harm plastics do to the environment and a broader, growing sense that something has to change. Sales in the UK were worth a record £558.4 million this past year, an increase of 7%, according to the latest figures from the market analyst Kantar. Separate data from other analysts show that last year the British consumed more than 2.2 billion litres of bottled water, including "take-home" and "on-the-go" products. That's an annual rise in volume of 8.5%. C) Environmental campaigners are struggling to understand why nations blessed with clean tap water grow only fonder of the bottle. "It's very surprising to me," says Sam Chetan-Walsh, a political adviser at Greenpeace and campaigner against ocean plastic. "Public awareness has never been higher, but the message is not quite reaching all the people it needs to." Where it is heard, the message is causing concern. Plastic water bottles require oceans of fossil fuels to make and ship. Additionally, single-use plastics of all types are polluting our cities and seas. Numerous documentaries have shown how plastic is ultimately killing wildlife. D) Moves against various plastics have gathered pace, from shopping bags to straws and plastic-lined coffee cups. Chetan-Walsh argues that bottled water is different because the alternatives are so obvious. "If a product that is so nakedly unnecessary can exist then the whole system is failing," he says. E) Hope is not entirely out of reach. The rate of growth has begun to ease (sales were up 7% in the year, compared with 8% in the previous year). F) But even if large numbers of people are quitting bottled water because of care for the environment, others are taking it up. The introduction of the "sugar tax" on juices and soda drinks has pushed more people to bottled water, while health awareness has boosted its desirability. Tap water consumption is growing at roughly the same pace (UK consumers still drink almost three times as much tap water as bottled water). G) So the plastic tide only creeps higher. The industry is quick to point out that all its bottles are recyclable. "But collection rates are, at the most generous estimates, 56%, so the actual recycling rate will be lower than that," Chetan-Walsh says. And while bottles may be recyclable, very few are made of recycled plastic. One water bottle company launched recycled half-litre "eco" bottles alongside its standard bottles. Another has pledged to use only recycled plastic across its range by 2025. Chetan-Walsh believes in a ban on single-use bottles. Bans do exist in some places. Organisers of a famous music festival announced that water bottles will not be sold this summer. San Francisco has banned them from city property and events. Last year, the UK government set out plans to ban single-use plastic from its estate. H) Water bottlers, unsurprisingly, don't support bans. But they raise concerns about health rather than profit margins. Last month one chief executive of a water bottling company said that bans would "result in greater consumption of sugary drinks, adding to all the health dangers of obesity, diabetes and tooth decay". Kinvara Carey, general manager of an association of the biggest bottled water manufacturers, cites a survey in which people were asked what they would do if bottled water were not available. "Forty-four per cent would buy another drink which is not great, 14% would go without, and 4.5% said they would find a fountain." she says. "The choice is important." I) What if fountains were more numerous, and tap water more clearly available in cafes, restaurants and elsewhere? Dozens of fountains are being installed in London. There are similar initiatives elsewhere. Before plastic and the marketing that made people think they needed bottled water in the first place, fountains were an urban fixture. Greenpeace, among others, is also pushing for a "deposit return" scheme. This would mean tax on bottled water would be refunded to customers who returned the plastic for recycling. J) Even if bottled water sales are growing slightly more slowly, the industry is racing to adapt to changing concerns and tastes. Flavoured water is booming: sales of the sparkling variety shot up by 20%, according to the latest analyst data. Meanwhile, international water brands, as well as a range of new companies, are selling high-end reusable bottles. And if you must fill them with tap water, why not add flavouring? K) As the owner of multiple sugary drink brands and bottled water, PepsiCo is facing challenges on health and environmental fronts. Last year, the company bought SodaStream (a drinks company that sells machines for making tap water bubbly and then consumers add flavours) for $3.2 billion. It also launched a range of fancy bottles that work with tap water and flavour packets. The bottle is reusable. The packets? Not so much, and, yes, they are made of plastic, although the company invites customers to send the packets back for recycling. L) As is so often the case, clever marketing can beat reason; awareness is rarely enough. "There is always this kind of slip between concern, intent and changed behaviour," says Giles Quick an analyst of bottled water. "The best example is five a day, the recommendation to have at least five portions of fruit and vegetables every day. Almost everyone is aware of this, but something like 15% of us achieve it." Unless a far-reaching bottle ban does come into force, it will be up to consumers to not only demand change, but to act themselves. 如果我们关心塑料垃圾问题，为什么不停止饮用瓶装水呢？ 我们都看到了塑料垃圾在全球范围内造成的破坏，但瓶装水的销量却持续增长。 A) 尽管食品和饮料行业以创新和选择为标志，但如果你想赚钱，没有什么比把瓶子装满水再卖出去更容易了。我们巧妙地通过管道输送到家里的那种自来水，一升的成本不到半便士。而一升瓶装水的价格远远超过1英镑，尤其是那些取自山间的“奢华”瓶装水。 B) 然而，瓶装水市场却比以往任何时候都更加活跃。我们越来越意识到塑料对环境造成的危害，也越来越广泛地意识到必须有所改变，但这一现象却违背了我们的认知。根据市场分析师坎塔尔提供的最新数据，去年英国瓶装水的销售额创下了5.584亿英镑的纪录，同比增长了7%。其他分析师提供的独立数据显示，去年英国人消费了超过22亿升的瓶装水，其中包括家用瓶装水和外出时饮用瓶装水。该数据说明英国人消费瓶装水的数量年增长率高达8.5%。 C) 环保倡导者们难以理解，为什么那些拥有洁净自来水的国家单单对瓶装水越发青睐。绿色和平组织的政治顾问、反对海洋塑料污染的活动家山姆·切坦-沃尔什说：“这让我感到非常惊讶。公众的环保意识空前高涨，但这一信息却没能传达给所有需要知晓的人。”这一信息在所到之处都引起了人们的担忧。因为，制造和运输塑料水瓶需要耗费大量的化石燃料。此外，各类一次性塑料制品都在污染我们的城市和海洋。无数纪录片都揭示了塑料最终是如何导致野生动物死亡的。 D) 从塑料购物袋到塑料吸管，再到内衬塑料的咖啡杯，反对使用各种塑料制品的行动已经加快步伐。切坦-沃尔什认为，瓶装水的情况之所以有所不同，是因为瓶装水的替代品是如此显而易见。他说：“如果一种显然毫无必要的产品都能存在，那意味着整个体系都失败了。” E) 希望并非遥不可及。瓶装水销售的增长速度已经开始放缓（今年销售额增长了7%，而去年是8%）。 F) 不过，即使有很多人因为环保而放弃购买瓶装水，也有一些人刚开始饮用瓶装水。对果汁和碳酸饮料征收“糖税”的举措促使更多人选择瓶装水，同时健康意识也增加了瓶装水的受欢迎程度。自来水的消耗量也在以大致相同的速度增长（英国消费者饮用自来水的量仍然是瓶装水的近三倍）。 G) 因此，塑料垃圾的浪潮只能不断攀升。瓶装水行业迅速指出，所有塑料瓶子都可回收。切坦-沃尔什说：“然而，即使是最乐观的估计，回收率也仅达56%，因此实际的回收率会更低。”虽然瓶子可以回收，但实际上很少有瓶子是用回收塑料制成的。一家水瓶公司在推出标准水瓶的同时，也推出了由回收材料制成的半升装“环保”水瓶。另一家水瓶公司已承诺，到2025年，其所有产品都只采用回收塑料制造。切坦-沃尔什主张禁止一次性塑料瓶。的确，有些地方已经实施了禁令。某个知名音乐节的主办方发布公告称，他们将在今年夏季停止销售瓶装水。旧金山已禁止在城市公有财产处所和活动中使用一次性塑料瓶。而去年，英国政府也提出了在其管辖区域内禁止使用一次性塑料产品的计划。 H) 瓶装水生产商反对禁令，这不足为奇。但是，他们表示担忧的出发点是健康问题，而非自身的利润空间。上个月，某瓶装水公司CEO声称，实施禁令将“促使人们更多地消费含糖饮料，进而增加肥胖、糖尿病和龋齿等健康隐患”。最大瓶装水制造商协会总经理金瓦拉·凯里提到了一项调查，在该调查中，人们被问及如果没有瓶装水，他们会如何应对。她说：“44%的受访者会选择购买其他饮料，这可不太好；14%的人会放弃饮水；而4.5%的人称他们会寻找（喷泉式）饮水器。选择至关重要。” I) 如果有更多的饮水器，咖啡馆、餐厅和其他地方更明确地提供直饮水，会怎样呢？伦敦正在安装几十个饮水器。其他城市也有类似的举措。在塑料和市场营销使人们认为他们首先需要瓶装水之前，饮水器就是城市中的固定设施。绿色和平组织等机构也在推动“押金返还”计划。这意味着，如果消费者将塑料瓶退回用于回收，他们可以得到瓶装水税费的退款。 J) 即使瓶装水的销售增长略有放缓，该行业也在竞相适应人们不断变化的顾虑和口味。风味水正在蓬勃发展：根据最新的分析师数据，气泡风味水的销售额激增了20%。与此同时，国际瓶装水品牌以及一系列新公司正在销售高端可重复使用的水瓶。如果你必须用它们来装自来水，为什么不加点风味呢？ K) 作为多个含糖饮料品牌和瓶装水的所有者，百事公司在健康和环境方面面临着挑战。去年，该公司斥资32亿美元收购了SodaStream（这是一家饮料公司，销售能将自来水制成气泡水的机器，消费者可以随后添加各种风味）。百事公司还推出了一系列与自来水风味包配套使用的精美水瓶。水瓶是可重复使用的。风味包呢？尽管该公司也鼓励用户将风味包寄回进行回收，但实际的回收情况就不一定了，是的，它们也是由塑料制成的。 L) 通常情况下，巧妙的营销策略总能战胜理性，仅仅提高消费者的意识往往是不够的。瓶装水分析师贾尔斯·奎克说：“人们从担忧到有意识地想要改变，再到实际做出改变行为，这之间总是存在着这种差距。最好的例子就是‘一天五蔬果’的建议，即建议人们每天至少吃五份水果和蔬菜。几乎人人都知道这个建议，但只有大约15%的人真正做到了。”除非全面禁止塑料瓶的法规真正生效，否则，不仅要依靠消费者呼吁改变，还得让他们行动起来。 Judging from the slowing rate of sales growth, there is still hope to combat bottled water. 答案：E 定位提示： slowing rate of sales growth / hope → E段 “Hope is not entirely out of reach. The rate of growth has begun to ease...” Bottled water manufacturers base their arguments against bans of plastic bottles on health concerns rather than on profits. 答案：H 定位提示： manufacturers / against bans / health concerns / rather than profits → H段 “Water bottlers, unsurprisingly, don't support bans. But they raise concerns about health rather than profit margins.” Sales of bottled water in Britain hit a record high last year even though people are increasingly aware that plastics are environmentally unfriendly. 答案：B 定位提示： Sales / Britain / record high / last year / plastics environmentally unfriendly → B段 “Sales in the UK were worth a record £558.4 million this past year... It defies our increasing awareness of the harm plastics do to the environment...” It often happens that people can lack reason when faced with skillful marketing. 答案：L 定位提示： lack reason / skillful marketing → L段 “As is so often the case, clever marketing can beat reason...” One city on the west coast of America has banned single-use bottles from its property and events. 答案：G 定位提示： city on the west coast of America / banned single-use bottles / property and events → G段 “San Francisco has banned them from city property and events.” Manufacturing and shipping of plastic water bottles consume a tremendous amount of fossil fuels. 答案：C 定位提示： manufacturing and shipping / plastic water bottles / fossil fuels → C段 “Plastic water bottles require oceans of fossil fuels to make and ship.” One large beverage company has adapted its operations when confronted with challenges from health and environmental advocates. 答案：K 定位提示： large beverage company / adapted operations / health and environmental challenges → K段 “As the owner of multiple sugary drink brands and bottled water, PepsiCo is facing challenges on health and environmental fronts. Last year, the company bought SodaStream...” Bottled water is considerably more expensive than tap water. 答案：A 定位提示： bottled water / more expensive than tap water → A段 “A litre of tap water... costs less than half a penny. A litre of bottled water can cost well over a pound...” Fountains could be seen in cities before bottled water became popular. 答案：I 定位提示： fountains / cities / before bottled water became popular → I段 “Before plastic and the marketing that made people think they needed bottled water in the first place, fountains were an urban fixture.” More people have taken to bottled water because of their health awareness. 答案：F 定位提示： more people / bottled water / health awareness → F段 “The introduction of the ‘sugar tax’ on juices and soda drinks has pushed more people to bottled water, while health awareness has boosted its desirability.” Section B 是四级阅读中典型的段落信息匹配题，通常文章后有10个陈述句，要求判断信息来自哪一段。它不按顺序出题，难度在于“同义替换”和“定位”。 先读题干，划关键词 不要先通读全文。先看36—45题，每句划出： 人名、机构名、时间、数字 动词短语 形容词最高级 因果关系、转折关系 特殊名词，如 bottled water、plastic、tap water、fountains、PepsiCo 等 例如： 36题关键词：slowing rate / sales growth / hope 37题关键词：manufacturers / bans / health concerns / profits 38题关键词：Britain / record high / plastics / environmentally unfriendly 44题关键词：fountains / cities / before bottled water 带着关键词扫读段落 不要逐词翻译。重点看每段： 首句 末句 转折词 however / but / yet 引号内容 数字、专有名词 比较级、最高级 识别同义替换 这是匹配题核心。例如： slowing rate of sales growth = The rate of growth has begun to ease hope = Hope is not entirely out of reach manufacturers against bans = Water bottlers... don't support bans health concerns rather than profits = raise concerns about health rather than profit margins Sales in Britain hit a record high = Sales in the UK were worth a record £558.4 million people increasingly aware = our increasing awareness lack reason = marketing can beat reason city on the west coast = San Francisco banned from property and events = banned them from city property and events consume a tremendous amount of fossil fuels = require oceans of fossil fuels adapted its operations = bought SodaStream / launched a range of fancy bottles considerably more expensive = costs less than half a penny / cost well over a pound fountains were an urban fixture = fountains could be seen in cities health awareness = health awareness has boosted its desirability 注意“一段可多用” 题干说明“You may choose a paragraph more than once”，所以不要因为某段用过就排除。但本套题中多数段落只对应一题。 先易后难 先做带明显专有名词、数字、引号的题，如： 38题 UK / record £558.4 million → B段 40题 San Francisco → G段 42题 PepsiCo → K段 44题 fountains → I段 再做抽象概括题，如： 36题 slowing rate / hope → E段 39题 marketing / reason → L段 控制时间 建议 Section B 用时 10—12分钟。不要在某一段纠结太久。若两个选项都像，优先选有明确同义替换的。 常见干扰 题干中的词在多个段落出现，但逻辑不符。 段落提到同一主题，但并非题干所问的具体信息。 张冠李戴：如把“百事公司”说成“所有瓶装水公司”。 范围扩大或缩小：如“some people”变成“all people”。 Section C 包括两篇 Passage。 As a university student I've come to realise just how little I know about money. I've come to the brutal realisation that Australia's youth are being done a great disservice by not receiving any consistent financial education. Diving headfirst into the crash course of starting university, I've quickly tried to get myself up to speed with the financial terms of the modern era to help manage my personal finances. I've read some financial education books, done some online learning, and have spoken to my nearest and dearest for their pearls of financial wisdom. There are undoubtedly hundreds of great resources out there for those wishing to improve their financial literacy, but while I was researching, I still kept wishing that I didn't have to play catch-up with the money world. I felt that I was sailing the financial seas with no skills and no life jacket! However, after talking to my friends who felt the same, I quickly realised that it wasn't my ignorance but the lack of financial education in our schooling system that is leaving high schoolers seriously behind in the modern world of money. Let's compare a theoretical financial education subject to the standard compulsory English class. On average, English may not be the most popular subject, but it's consistently on the schedule throughout high school, with all students graduating fluent in English. A financial education subject should do just the same. It shouldn't be just a one-day event but a course integrated throughout the whole of high school that would allow students to gradually expand their financial literacy, and would prevent the need for a 'catch up' phase once we're out on our own after graduation. In the same way that learning a language or new skills takes time, building financial skills requires practice and years to gradually accumulate bits and pieces of knowledge. Giving young people the opportunity to become familiar with the world of money would provide them with a great advantage to enter adulthood with confidence and security so that they are able to manage their own money and look after themselves. 作为一名大学生，我逐渐意识到自己对金钱的了解有多么匮乏。我残酷地意识到，澳大利亚的年轻人由于没有接受任何持续性的金融教育，正在遭受极大的伤害。 大学伊始，我就一头扎进了速成班，并迅速努力让自己掌握现代金融术语，以帮助管理我的个人财务。 我阅读了一些金融教育书籍，进行了一些在线学习，并向我最亲近的人请教了他们的理财智慧。 毫无疑问，对于那些希望提高自己金融知识的人来说，外面有许多优秀资源，但在研究过程中，我仍然希望自己不必在金钱的世界里追赶进度。我觉得自己是在没有技能和救生衣的情况下在金融海洋中航行！ 然而，在与有同样感受的朋友交谈后，我很快意识到，并不是我无知，而是学校教育体系中缺乏金融教育，才让高中生在现代金钱世界中严重落伍。 我们来比较一下理论金融教育课程和标准的必修英语课程。平均而言，英语可能不是最受欢迎的科目，但在整个高中阶段，它一直都在课程表上，所有学生毕业时都能流利地使用英语。 金融教育课程也应如此。它不应该只是为期一天的活动，而应该是贯穿整个高中的一门课程，让学生逐步提高金融知识，这样我们就不必在毕业后独自面对“补课”阶段。 就像学习语言或新技能需要时间一样，培养金融技能也需要练习，需要多年来逐渐积累零碎的知识。 让年轻人有机会熟悉金钱世界，将为他们在步入成年期时提供极大的优势，使他们充满自信和安全感，从而能够管理好自己的钱财，照顾好自己。 文章主题：大学生金融知识匮乏与金融教育课程的必要性 What has the author come to realise since entering university? A) He needs a crash course on financial terms. B) He is very much lacking in financial literacy. C) It requires consistent education to be financially independent. D) It is unrealistic to give all Australian youth a financial education. 答案：B 定位： 第1段第1句。“As a university student I've come to realise just how little I know about money.” How did the author feel in today's money world? A) Badly equipped to survive. B) Ignorant of financial literature. C) Barely capable of moving ahead. D) Overwhelmed by the resources online. 答案：A 定位： 第4段最后一句。“I felt that I was sailing the financial seas with no skills and no life jacket!” What did the author realise after talking to his friends? A) They were as keen as he was on financial matters. B) The schooling system was to blame for his trouble. C) High schoolers knew nothing about the modern financial world. D) Financial courses were as unpopular as compulsory English classes. 答案：B 定位： 第5段。“it wasn't my ignorance but the lack of financial education in our schooling system that is leaving high schoolers seriously behind...” What is the author's idea of a financial education course? A) It should foresee students' needs after graduation. B) It should provide students with some basic knowledge. C) It should be taught the same way as English is taught. D) It should be integrated into high school education. 答案：D 定位： 第7段。“It shouldn't be just a one-day event but a course integrated throughout the whole of high school...” What would financial literacy do to young people? A) Allow them to enter adulthood with financial security. B) Enable them to look after themselves without worrying about money. C) Render them confident and secure in terms of money management. D) Help them become familiar with the world of money. 答案：C 定位： 最后一段。“provide them with a great advantage to enter adulthood with confidence and security so that they are able to manage their own money and look after themselves.” 题型特点 Passage One 是标准四级仔细阅读选择题，通常5题，顺序与文章顺序基本一致。题目多考查： 细节理解 同义替换 作者态度 因果关系 转折对比 解题步骤 先读题干，不读选项。 划关键词：人名、专有名词、比较对象、因果词。 回原文定位。 读定位句前后各一句。 对比选项，选“同义替换”项，不选“原词堆砌但逻辑错误”项。 本篇文章重点 46题：进入大学后意识到 → 非常缺乏金融知识。 47题：在金钱世界中的感受 → 生存能力很差。 48题：与朋友交谈后意识到 → 学校教育制度是问题所在。 49题：金融教育课程 → 应纳入高中教育。 50题：金融知识对年轻人 → 使他们在理财方面充满信心和安全感。 注意转折 文章多次出现： However But But while 这些地方最容易出题。尤其注意： 作者意识到自己对金钱了解匮乏。 不是自己无知，而是学校教育缺乏金融教育。 金融教育课程应贯穿整个高中。 金融知识让年轻人步入成年时充满自信和安全感。 选项排除技巧 绝对化选项常错：all, never, completely, only。 无中生有常错：文章没提的内容。 张冠李戴常错：把“作者的个人感受”说成“所有澳大利亚年轻人”。 答非所问常错：观点正确，但不是题干所问。 Chocolates save us from many things, especially emotional distress. They comfort us in times of trouble, calming down a racing heart by channeling happy calories inside us. We all have faith in chocolates to delight us in an instant! Recently, chocolate lovers were heartbroken as scientists claimed that they can become extinct by 2050! But hey, we have some happy news for you. Scientists can still help save chocolates from dying out! If you are not aware as to why scientists made the statement about the death of this wonderful thing, let us tell you the facts. Chocolate trees, whose seeds are used to make chocolate, grow in the tropical plant world and require very specific weather conditions to prosper. Now, fifty percent of the world's cocoa beans come from two countries in West Africa: Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana. Scientists believe that both of these countries will experience a 3.8F temperature increase by 2050 due to global warming, endangering the cacao farms in the rainforests. These farms will then have to be shifted to cooler mountainous areas, which are the natural habitat of wildlife. This will lead to some tough decisions: whether to grow chocolate or save wildlife. Unfortunately, the crisis of global warming has already had a serious negative impact on cacao farms' yields, leading to the prices of chocolates skyrocketing. Scientists, however, are trying to find a long-term and eco-friendly solution to this problem! They are trying to modify the species with a gene-editing technology, which will transform the seedlings into a species that survives even in a drier and warmer climate. According to a report by The Business Insider, in the University of California's new bio-sciences building, tiny green cacao seedlings are lined up in refrigerated greenhouses for a new experiment by using a technology called CRISPR. By manipulating the DNA of plants, this technology is already being used across the world to make plants tougher and cheaper. Similarly, in this unconventional experiment, scientists will make tiny, precise changes to the DNA of the seedlings to make the cocoa crops survive in warmer and drier climates. 巧克力能让我们摆脱很多东西，尤其是情绪上的痛苦。在我们遇到困难时，巧克力会安慰我们，通过向我们体内输送快乐的卡路里来平复狂跳的心。我们都相信巧克力能让我们瞬间快乐！ 最近，科学家们声称巧克力可能在2050年之前不复存在，这让巧克力爱好者们伤心不已！不过，我们有一个好消息要告诉大家。科学家们仍然可以帮助巧克力免于消失！如果你不知道为什么科学家们会发表关于这种奇妙的东西即将消失的声明，让我们告诉你事实。巧克力的种子被用来制作巧克力，它们生长在热带植物世界，需要非常特殊的天气条件才能茁壮成长。 现在，世界上50%的可可豆来自西非的两个国家：科特迪瓦和加纳。科学家们认为，由于全球变暖，到2050年，这两个国家的气温都将上升3.8华氏度，从而危及热带雨林中的可可树农场。这些农场将不得不转移到凉爽的山区，那里是野生动物的自然栖息地。这将导致一些艰难的决定：是种植巧克力还是拯救野生动物。 不幸的是，全球变暖的危机已经对可可农场的产量产生了严重的负面影响，导致巧克力价格飞涨。 然而，科学家们正在努力寻找一种长期且生态友好的方法来解决这一问题！他们正试图利用基因编辑技术改造这一物种，将幼苗改造成即使在更干燥、更温暖的气候下也能存活的物种。 据《商业内幕》的报道，在加利福尼亚大学的新生物科学大楼里，绿色的可可树小苗在冷藏温室里一字排开，准备利用一种名为CRISPR的技术进行新的实验。通过操纵植物的DNA，这项技术已在全球范围内得到应用，使植物变得更坚韧、更廉价。同样，在这项非常规实验中，科学家们将对幼苗的DNA进行微小、精确的改变，以使可可作物在更温暖、更干燥的气候条件下存活。 文章主题：巧克力因全球变暖面临灭绝风险，科学家用基因编辑技术拯救可可树 What do people believe chocolates can do? A) Cheer them up instantly. B) Create happy calories. C) Conceal emotional distress. D) Relieve them of heart trouble. 答案：A 定位： 第1段第3句。“We all have faith in chocolates to delight us in an instant!” What was scientists' recent assertion about chocolates? A) They could become a rare treat in the near future. B) They could calm people down a bit in times of crisis. C) They could prevent people from getting heartbroken. D) They could become unavailable in less than 30 years. 答案：D 定位： 第2段第1句。“scientists claimed that they can become extinct by 2050!” What would happen if the cacao farms were shifted to cooler mountainous areas? A) The natural habitat of wildlife there would be ruined. B) The cacao farmers would have a tough time to adapt. C) The rainforests would be shrinking dramatically. D) The quality of cocoa beans would suffer greatly. 答案：A 定位： 第3段第3—4句。“These farms will then have to be shifted to cooler mountainous areas, which are the natural habitat of wildlife. This will lead to some tough decisions: whether to grow chocolate or save wildlife.” What do we learn about the cacao farms in the crisis of global warming? A) They try to seek help from gene-editing scientists. B) They decide to move to cooler mountainous areas. C) They have suffered a lot due to a decrease in produce. D) They have benefited by raising prices of cocoa beans. 答案：C 定位： 第4段。“the crisis of global warming has already had a serious negative impact on cacao farms' yields, leading to the prices of chocolates skyrocketing.” What are scientists trying to do in the University of California's new bio-sciences building? A) Build rows of refrigerated greenhouses for research on cacao seedlings. B) Gene-edit cacao seedlings for them to withstand a drier, warmer climate. C) Produce chocolates with the latest gene-editing technology. D) Transplant the genes of tougher plants to cacao seedlings. 答案：B 定位： 最后一段。“scientists will make tiny, precise changes to the DNA of the seedlings to make the cocoa crops survive in warmer and drier climates.” 文章主题 本文讨论： 巧克力能让人瞬间快乐。 科学家称巧克力可能在2050年前灭绝。 全球变暖威胁西非可可树农场。 可可农场产量下降，巧克力价格飞涨。 科学家用CRISPR基因编辑技术改造可可树幼苗，使其适应更干燥、更温暖的气候。 题目定位 51题：人们相信巧克力能做什么 → 让他们立刻开心起来。 52题：科学家最近断言 → 巧克力可能在不到30年内消失。 53题：可可农场转移到凉爽山区 → 破坏野生动物的自然栖息地。 54题：全球变暖危机中的可可农场 → 因产量减少遭受巨大损失。 55题：加州大学新生物科学大楼 → 对可可树幼苗进行基因编辑，使其承受更干燥、更温暖的气候。 关键同义替换 cheer them up instantly = delight us in an instant unavailable in less than 30 years = become extinct by 2050 natural habitat of wildlife would be ruined = shifted to cooler mountainous areas, which are the natural habitat of wildlife suffered a lot due to a decrease in produce = had a serious negative impact on cacao farms' yields gene-edit cacao seedlings = make tiny, precise changes to the DNA of the seedlings 注意逻辑关系 But：转折处常出题。 However：转折处常出题。 Unfortunately：转折处常出题。 Similarly：类比处常出题。 推断题技巧 55题问“What are scientists trying to do in the University of California's new bio-sciences building?” 最后一段说： 科学家们将对幼苗的DNA进行微小、精确的改变。 以使可可作物在更温暖、更干燥的气候条件下存活。 因此选B“Gene-edit cacao seedlings for them to withstand a drier, warmer climate.” 不要选A“Build rows of refrigerated greenhouses”，因为这只是实验设施，不是科学家重点要做的事。 排除法 过于绝对的选项：only, never, completely, guarantee。 与原文矛盾的选项。 把“缓解情绪困扰”说成“隐藏情绪困扰”。 把“移植基因”说成“基因编辑”。 先题后文：先读10个题干，划关键词。 定位优先：专有名词、数字、引号、最高级最先找。 同义替换：不要只找原词，要看改写。 段落可重复：不要因为一段选过就完全排除。 先易后难：明显题先做，抽象题后做。 时间控制：10—12分钟。 不要通读全文：扫读定位即可。 顺序原则：题目顺序通常与文章顺序一致。 定位句前后：答案常在定位句前一句或后一句。 同义替换：正确选项多为原文改写。 转折重点：but, however, yet, on the other hand 后常出答案。 观点题：注意 researchers found, scientists argue, advocates argue。 推断题：不选原文直接复述，选合理推断。 排除法：绝对化、无中生有、张冠李戴、答非所问。 时间控制：两篇共约18—20分钟。 题号 答案 36 E 37 H 38 B 39 L 40 G 41 C 42 K 43 A 44 I 45 F 题号 答案 46 B 47 A 48 B 49 D 50 C 题号 答案 51 A 52 D 53 A 54 C 55 B 以上即为 2024年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第二套）Reading Comprehension Section B 和 Section C 的原文识别、汉语译文、答题策略和答案速查。
一、Section B 原文与汉语译文
汉语译文
Section B 答题策略
Section B 答题策略
二、Section C 原文与汉语译文
Passage One
汉语译文
Passage One 答题策略
Passage One 答题策略
Passage Two
汉语译文
Passage Two 答题策略
Passage Two 答题策略
三、Section B 与 Section C 通用答题策略
Section B 段落信息匹配
Section C 仔细阅读
四、答案速查
Section B
Section C Passage One
Section C Passage Two
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