2024年6月大学英语四级考试真题(第二套)Part III Reading Comprehension 的 Section B 和 Section C
- 2026-10-13 05:05:13
2024年6月大学英语四级考试真题(第二套)Part III Reading Comprehension 的 Section B 和 Section CA) Hal Hershfield, a psychologist at the UCLA Anderson School of Management, wanted to know why people weren’t saving for retirement. Across the board, people are living longer. Logically, they’ll need more money to live comfortably in their post-work years. And yet, savings rates in the U.S. have gone down in recent decades, not up. B) To help explain this seemingly irrational behavior, Hershfield and his team scanned the brains of study participants while asking them to what degree various traits — like “honorable” or “funny” — applied to their current self, their future self, a current other, or a future other. As participants answered, Hershfield’s team recorded which parts of their brains lit up. Unsurprisingly, people’s brains were most active when thinking about their current selves and least active when thinking about a current other. But the team found that participants’ brain activity while considering their future selves more closely resembled their brain activity while thinking about a current other rather than the current self. C) Put in practical terms, when thinking of yourself in a month or a year or a decade, your brain registers that person in ways similar to how it would register Taylor Swift or the mailman. Understood in that way, saving for retirement is the equivalent of giving money away to someone else entirely. D) In light of Hershfield’s study, one simple question arises: Is it possible to make our present selves give a damn about our future selves? The answers are anything but simple. E) Seen through the lens of the present self versus the future self, our self-defeating actions — like choosing to watch television rather than go to the gym — suddenly make perfect sense. We get to enjoy the very concrete, immediate benefits of our actions while someone else (namely: our future selves) suffers the hypothetical far-off consequences. As a result, the decisions we make for our present selves often look very different from our decisions for our future selves. We believe that tomorrow will be different. We believe that we will be different tomorrow, but in doing so, we prioritize our current mood over the consequences of our inaction for the future self. F) Understanding our procrastination through the lens of the present and future selves, we’re left with three possible solutions: The first is to force your future self to do whatever your present self doesn’t want to do. The second is to convince your present self that your future self is, in fact, still you. If the central problem is that we think of our future selves as other people, it follows that trying to identify more closely with our future selves will encourage us to make better long-term decisions. G) In a follow-up study, Hershfield wanted to explore ways to bridge the disconnect between the present and future selves and encourage people to save more for retirement. He and his team took photos of study participants, and then used image processing to visually age their faces. Participants were then placed in a virtual reality setting where they could look into a mirror and see their aged selves looking back at them. Participants who saw their aged selves said they would save 30% more of their salary for retirement than the control group. H) Whatever your long-term goals may be — getting in better shape, launching your own business, writing a book — thinking about your deadline in terms of days rather than months or years can help you wrap your mind around how close the future really is. I) The third solution is to forget about your future self and use your present self’s love of instant gratification to your advantage. While the two tactics above can be effective in making better long-term choices, in the end, you’re still struggling against human nature. Our brains are hardwired for instant gratification. Instead of fighting your present self’s need for immediate rewards, why not use it to your advantage? When most of us set goals, we focus on long-term results we want to see — e.g. losing weight, getting a promotion, retiring in comfort, etc. While those visions of our future selves can be inspiring, when it comes to actually doing the day-to-day work, it may be more effective to reframe activities in terms of their immediate, or at least very near-term rewards. J) Take writing this article, for instance. It’s easy for me to imagine how amazing it will feel at the end of the workday to have this article done. This isn’t just my opinion. Research partners Kaitlin Woolley of Cornell University and Ayelet Fishbach of the University of Chicago have made a career out of studying the differences between the goals that people achieve and the ones that fall to the wayside. K) “In one study, we asked people online about the goals they set at the beginning of the year. Most people set goals to achieve delayed, long-term benefits, such as career advancement, debt repayment, or improved health. We asked these individuals how enjoyable it was to pursue their goal, as well as how important their goal was. We also asked whether they were still working on their goals two months after setting them. We found that enjoyment predicted people’s goal persistence two months after setting the goal far more than how important they rated their goal to be.” Woolley said. L) This pattern held true across a wide variety of goals from exercising to studying to eating healthier foods. For example, people ate 50% more of a healthy food when directed to focus on the good taste rather than the long-term health benefits. Other studies have shown a greater uptake of exercise in people who were told to think of the enjoyment of doing the exercise now rather than future health gains. M) These findings suggest that when it comes to achieving your goals, enjoying the process itself is more important than wanting the long-term benefits. In other words, present self trumps future self. Who says instant gratification has to be a bad thing? By all means, set ambitious long-term goals for your future self, but when it comes to actually following through day-to-day, make sure your present self knows what’s in it for her too. A) 加州大学洛杉矶分校安德森管理学院的心理学家哈尔·赫什菲尔德想知道人们为什么不为退休储蓄。整体来说，人们的寿命在延长。从逻辑上讲，他们将需要更多的钱才能在退休后的日子里舒适地生活。然而，近几十年来美国的储蓄率却不升反降。 B) 为了帮助解释这种看似不理性的行为，赫什菲尔德和他的团队扫描了研究参与者的大脑，同时询问他们诸如“可敬”或“有趣”等各种不同特征在多大程度上适用于他们当前的自己、未来的自己、当前的他人或未来的他人。当参与者给出答案时，赫什菲尔德的团队记录下他们大脑的哪些部分被激活。不出所料，人们在思考当前的自己时大脑最活跃，而在思考当前的他人时大脑最不活跃。但研究团队发现，参与者在思考未来的自己时的大脑活动更接近于他们在思考当前的他人时的大脑活动，而不是更接近于思考当前的自己时的大脑活动。 C) 从实际来说，当你想到一个月、一年或十年后的自己时，你的大脑对那个人的印象就像对泰勒·斯威夫特或对邮递员的印象一样。按照这种方式理解，为退休储蓄相当于把钱完全送给别人。 D) 根据赫什菲尔德的研究，一个简单的问题出现了：有没有可能让现在的自己去在意未来的自己呢？答案一点也不简单。 E) 从现在的自己和未来的自己的角度来看，我们被自己打败——比如选择看电视而不是去健身房——突然变得非常有道理。我们可以享受我们的行为带来的非常具体而直接的好处，而其他人（也就是我们未来的自己）却要承受虚幻而遥远的后果。因此，我们为现在的自己所做的决定往往与我们为未来的自己所做的决定大相径庭。我们相信明天会不一样。我们相信，明天的我们会不一样；但在这样做的过程中，我们优先考虑的是我们当前的情绪，而不是我们的不作为会给未来的自己带来的后果。 F) 通过现在的自己和未来的自己来看我们的拖延症，我们会有三种可能的解决方案：一种是强迫未来的自己去做现在的自己不想做的事情。第二是让现在的自己相信，未来的自己实际上还是你。如果核心问题是我们把未来的自己当成了其他人，那么，试图更加认同未来的自己将鼓励我们做出更好的长期决策。 G) 在一项后续研究中，赫什菲尔德想探索如何弥合现在和未来的自我之间的鸿沟，并鼓励人们为退休储蓄更多资金。他和他的团队给研究参与者拍了照片，然后用图像处理技术让照片上的他们看起来变老。然后，参与者被置于一种虚拟现实环境中，在那里他们可以照镜子，看到年老的自己在回望着自己。看到年老时的自己的参与者表示，他们会比对照组为退休多存30%的工资。 H) 无论你的长期目标是什么——改善身材、创办自己的企业、写一本书——以天为单位而不是以月或年为单位来考虑你的最后期限，可以帮助你关注未来到底有多近。 I) 第三个解决办法是忘掉未来的自己，将现在的自己对即时满足感的喜爱为你所用。虽然上述两种手段可以有效地做出更好的长期选择，但归根结底，你还是在与人性作斗争。我们的大脑天生就喜欢即时满足感。与其与现在的自己对即时回报的需求作斗争，为什么不利用它来为自己谋利呢？当我们大多数人设定目标时，我们关注的是我们希望看到的长期结果，比如减肥、获得晋升、安享晚年等。尽管这些对未来自我的憧憬可能是鼓舞人心的，但在实际开展日常工作时，从眼前或至少是近期的回报角度重新规划活动可能会更有效。 J) 就拿写这篇文章来说吧。我很容易想象，在一天的工作结束时，完成这篇文章的感觉会有多棒。这不仅仅是我个人的想法。康奈尔大学的凯特琳·伍利和芝加哥大学的阿耶莱特·菲什巴赫这两位研究伙伴以研究人们实现的目标和落空的目标之间的差异为职业。 K) “在一项研究中，我们在网上询问了人们在年初设定的目标。大多数人设定的目标都是为了实现延迟的、长期的利益，如职业晋升、偿还债务或改善健康状况。我们询问了这些人追求目标的过程有多令人愉快，以及他们的目标有多重要。我们还询问了他们在设定目标的两个月后是否仍在为目标而努力。我们发现，与他们对目标重要性的评价相比，（过程的）享受更能预测目标设定两个月后人们的坚持情况，”伍利说。 L) 从锻炼、学习到吃更健康的食物，这一模式广泛适用于各种目标。例如，当人们被引导专注于食物的美味而非长期的健康益处时，他们摄入的健康食品量会增加50%。其他研究表明，那些被告知要享受当下运动的乐趣而非未来的健康收益的人，运动量会更大。 M) 这些发现表明，在实现目标这件事上，享受过程本身比追求长期利益更为重要。换句话说，现在的自我战胜未来的自我。谁说即时满足一定是件坏事呢？当然可以为未来的自己设定雄心勃勃的长期目标，但当涉及实际的日常执行时，确保你现在的自己也知道这对“她”有什么好处。 Our brains are genetically determined to satisfy immediate desires. 答案：I 定位提示： brains / genetically determined / immediate desires → I段 “Our brains are hardwired for instant gratification.” Taken in a practical way, saving for post-work years is like giving money away to others. 答案：C 定位提示： saving for post-work years / giving money away to others → C段 “saving for retirement is the equivalent of giving money away to someone else entirely.” Research found that, as regards achievement of one's goals, it is important to focus more on enjoying the process than the long-term benefits. 答案：M 定位提示： achievement of one's goals / enjoying the process / long-term benefits → M段 “when it comes to achieving your goals, enjoying the process itself is more important than wanting the long-term benefits.” Regarding our future selves as still being ourselves will help us make better long-term decisions. 答案：F 定位提示： future selves / still being ourselves / better long-term decisions → F段 “convince your present self that your future self is, in fact, still you... will encourage us to make better long-term decisions.” Savings rates in America have dropped in recent decades even though people's life expectancy has increased. 答案：A 定位提示： savings rates in America / dropped / life expectancy increased → A段 “people are living longer... savings rates in the U.S. have gone down in recent decades, not up.” Researchers found that enjoyment rather than importance enabled people to persist in their goals. 答案：K 定位提示： enjoyment rather than importance / persist in their goals → K段 “enjoyment predicted people’s goal persistence two months after setting the goal far more than how important they rated their goal to be.” When making decisions, we give priority to our current frame of mind without thinking much of the consequences. 答案：E 定位提示： give priority to current mood / consequences → E段 “we prioritize our current mood over the consequences of our inaction for the future self.” People ate more of a healthy food when they focused on its good taste instead of its long-term benefits. 答案：L 定位提示： ate more of a healthy food / good taste / long-term benefits → L段 “people ate 50% more of a healthy food when directed to focus on the good taste rather than the long-term health benefits.” As was expected, when people thought of their present selves, their brains were observed to become more active. 答案：B 定位提示： present selves / brains more active → B段 “Unsurprisingly, people’s brains were most active when thinking about their current selves...” Researchers found that participants who saw the images of their aged selves would save more for their later years than those who didn't. 答案：G 定位提示： saw images of aged selves / save more → G段 “Participants who saw their aged selves said they would save 30% more of their salary for retirement than the control group.” Section B 是四级阅读中典型的段落信息匹配题，通常文章后有10个陈述句，要求判断信息来自哪一段。它不按顺序出题，难度在于“同义替换”和“定位”。 先读题干，划关键词 不要先通读全文。先看36—45题，每句划出： 人名、机构名、时间、数字 动词短语 形容词最高级 因果关系、转折关系 特殊名词，如 Hershfield、retirement、savings、future self、instant gratification 等 例如： 36题关键词：brains / immediate desires 37题关键词：saving / post-work years / giving money away 40题关键词：savings rates / America / life expectancy 44题关键词：present selves / brains / more active 带着关键词扫读段落 不要逐词翻译。重点看每段： 首句 末句 转折词 however / but / yet 引号内容 数字、专有名词 比较级、最高级 识别同义替换 这是匹配题核心。例如： genetically determined to satisfy immediate desires = hardwired for instant gratification saving for post-work years = saving for retirement giving money away to others = giving money away to someone else entirely achievement of one's goals = achieving your goals focus more on enjoying the process = enjoying the process itself is more important future selves as still being ourselves = your future self is, in fact, still you savings rates dropped = savings rates have gone down life expectancy increased = people are living longer enjoyment rather than importance = enjoyment predicted... far more than how important give priority to current frame of mind = prioritize our current mood ate more of a healthy food = ate 50% more of a healthy food brains more active = brains were most active save more for later years = save 30% more of their salary for retirement 注意“一段可多用” 题干说明“You may choose a paragraph more than once”，所以不要因为某段用过就排除。但本套题中多数段落只对应一题。 先易后难 先做带明显专有名词、数字、引号的题，如： 37题 saving for retirement → C段 40题 savings rates / life expectancy → A段 43题 50% more healthy food → L段 45题 aged selves / 30% more → G段 再做抽象概括题，如： 36题 brains / instant gratification → I段 39题 future selves / long-term decisions → F段 控制时间 建议 Section B 用时 10—12分钟。不要在某一段纠结太久。若两个选项都像，优先选有明确同义替换的。 常见干扰 题干中的词在多个段落出现，但逻辑不符。 段落提到同一主题，但并非题干所问的具体信息。 张冠李戴：如把“现在的自己”说成“未来的自己”。 范围扩大或缩小：如“some participants”变成“all participants”。 Section C 包括两篇 Passage。 People often wonder why some entrepreneurs have greater success than others. Is it habits, connections, luck, work ethic or any other behavior? I believe the key to success is willpower. Willpower is the ability to control yourself. It is a strong determination that allows you to do something difficult. It is a behavior we are born with more than one we learn. However, it is possible to not only learn it, but also strengthen it with constant exercise. Willpower is just like a muscle, to keep it strong you need to constantly exercise it. People with a great amount of willpower have the discipline to develop positive, successful habits. Even with an incredible amount of talent, without the discipline and motivation to create positive habits, it can be difficult to achieve success. Willpower and habits go hand in hand. It is critical to create good habits and take the actions necessary to stick to those habits day in and day out for greater success. Almost half of our daily actions are part of our habits and not decisions, so once the correct habits are in place, you will automatically perform those tasks on a day-to-day basis. The best way to create and stick to a habit is to have strong motivation. It’s easier to change your habits to lose weight if you have a health issue and you want to be around longer for your kids, or if your business is something you’re passionate about. Having a valuable outcome associated with a habit will help you stick to that habit permanently. The art of self-control is one that most successful individuals have mastered. Self-control enables you to avoid behaviors that don’t contribute to your success and adopt those that do. Because there is a delayed satisfaction associated with self-control, it can be easy to get off track. However, if you work on sticking to those small positive habits one day at a time, it becomes easier to stay strong and achieve that delayed reward. Once a reward is achieved, it is much easier to continue sticking to your habits. 人们经常会问，为什么一些企业家比其他企业家更成功。是因为习惯、人脉、运气、职业道德还是一些其他行为？我认为成功的关键是意志力。意志力是控制自己的能力。它是一种坚定的决心，可以让你攻难克艰。它是一种与生俱来的行为，而不是通过学习获得的；但是，我们不仅可以学习它，还可以通过不断的练习来加强它。 意志力就像肌肉一样：要想保持强大的意志力，就必须不断地加以锻炼。意志力强大的人具有自律精神，可以培养积极、成功的习惯。即使天赋异禀，如果没有养成积极习惯的自律精神和动力，也很难取得成功。 意志力和习惯是密不可分的。要想获得更大的成功，关键是要养成良好的习惯，并采取必要的行动，日复一日地坚持这些习惯。我们的日常行为当中几乎有一半是源于我们的习惯，而不是决定，所以一旦养成了正确的习惯，你就会自然而然地完成日常的工作任务。 养成并坚持一个习惯的最佳方式是拥有强烈的动机。如果你的健康出了问题，并且想多陪伴孩子，或者你对自己的事业充满热情，那么为了减肥而改变你的习惯就容易一些。将一个习惯和有益的结果关联起来，会有助于你长久地坚持这个习惯。 自制力是大多数成功人士都已经掌握的一门艺术。自制力能让你避免做出那些无助于你成功的行为，而让你采取那些有助于你成功的行为。 因为自制力带来的满足感常常是延迟的，所以很容易偏离轨道。然而，如果你每天都努力坚持这些不起眼的好习惯，那么保持强大的意志力并获得延迟的回报就会更加容易。一旦得到了回报，继续坚持你的习惯就容易得多了。 文章主题：意志力、习惯与成功 What does the author say we need to do to strengthen our willpower? A) Keep it under control. B) Apply it continuously. C) Learn from entrepreneurs. D) Aim at success determinedly. 答案：B 定位： 第2段第1句。“Willpower is just like a muscle, to keep it strong you need to constantly exercise it.” How are almost half of our daily actions performed according to the passage? A) Out of habit. B) With determination. C) Like muscle building. D) By self-discipline. 答案：A 定位： 第3段第3句。“Almost half of our daily actions are part of our habits and not decisions...” What will help people stick to doing something constructive automatically? A) Practising it on a day-to-day basis. B) Associating it with improving health. C) Possessing a reasonable amount of talent. D) Foreseeing the desired outcome it will yield. 答案：D 定位： 第4段最后一句。“Having a valuable outcome associated with a habit will help you stick to that habit permanently.” How does the art of self-control help us succeed? A) By allowing us to remain clear-headed permanently. B) By enabling us to alter our behaviors constantly. C) By enabling us to take positive actions. D) By allowing us to avoid taking risks. 答案：C 定位： 第5段第2句。“Self-control enables you to avoid behaviors that don’t contribute to your success and adopt those that do.” Why can it be difficult for us to maintain self-control? A) Most of us are not in the habit of exercising self-control. B) We may not get immediate rewards from self-control. C) Self-control tends to be associated with pains. D) Self-control only brings about small benefits. 答案：B 定位： 最后一段第1句。“Because there is a delayed satisfaction associated with self-control, it can be easy to get off track.” 题型特点 Passage One 是标准四级仔细阅读选择题，通常5题，顺序与文章顺序基本一致。题目多考查： 细节理解 同义替换 作者态度 因果关系 转折对比 解题步骤 先读题干，不读选项。 划关键词：人名、专有名词、比较对象、因果词。 回原文定位。 读定位句前后各一句。 对比选项，选“同义替换”项，不选“原词堆砌但逻辑错误”项。 本篇文章重点 46题：增强意志力 → 不断运用它。 47题：几乎一半日常行为 → 出于习惯。 48题：帮助自动坚持做有益之事 → 预见理想结果。 49题：自制力帮助成功 → 让我们采取积极行动。 50题：难以保持自制力 → 不能获得立竿见影的回报。 注意转折 文章多次出现： However Because Once 这些地方最容易出题。尤其注意： 意志力像肌肉，需要不断锻炼。 意志力与习惯密不可分。 强烈动机有助于养成并坚持习惯。 自制力带来延迟满足，容易偏离轨道。 选项排除技巧 绝对化选项常错：all, never, completely, only。 无中生有常错：文章没提的内容。 张冠李戴常错：把“意志力”说成“习惯”。 答非所问常错：观点正确，但不是题干所问。 Today, most scientific research is funded by government grants, companies doing research and development and nonprofit foundations. As a society, we reap the rewards from this science but we also help pay for it. You indirectly support science through taxes you pay, products and services you purchase, and donations you make. Funding for science has changed with the times. Historically, science has been largely supported through private patronage, church sponsorship or simply paying for the research yourself. Today, researchers are likely to be funded by a mix of grants from various government agencies, institutions, and foundations. Other research is funded by private companies. Such corporate sponsorship is widespread in some fields. Almost 75% of U.S. clinical trials in medicine are paid for by private companies. And, of course, some researchers today still fund small-scale studies out of their own pockets. Most of us can’t afford to do nuclear research as a private hobby, but bird watchers, rock collectors, and others can do real research on a limited budget. In a perfect world, money wouldn’t matter — all scientific studies would be completely objective. But in the real world, funding may introduce biases. Drug research sponsored by the pharmaceutical industry is more likely to end up favoring the drug under consideration than studies sponsored by government grants or charitable organizations. Similarly, nutrition research sponsored by the food industry is more likely to end up favoring the food under consideration than independently funded research. So what should we make of all this? Should we ignore any research funded by companies or special interest groups? Certainly not. These groups provide invaluable funding for scientific research. Furthermore, science has many safeguards in place to catch instances of bias that affect research outcomes. Ultimately, misleading results will be corrected as science proceeds, however, this process takes time. Meanwhile, it pays to examine studies funded by industry or special interest groups with extra care. Are the results consistent with other independently funded studies? What do other scientists have to say about this research? A little examination can go a long way towards identifying bias associated with the funding source. 如今，大多数科学研究都是由政府拨款、研发公司以及非营利性基金会资助的。作为一个社会，我们从这些科学研究中收获了回报，但我们也在为其付出。你通过你缴纳的税款、你购买的产品和服务以及你所做的捐赠间接地支持了科学研究。 对科学研究的资助随着时代变迁而发生了改变。从历史上看，科学研究获得的支持主要有私人资助、教会赞助，或干脆自费研究。如今，研究人员可能会得到来自不同政府部门、机构和基金会的混合赞助金。其他研究则由私企资助。这种企业赞助在某些领域非常普遍。美国近75%的临床医学试验都是由私企支付费用的。当然，如今一些研究人员仍然自掏腰包来资助一些小规模的研究。我们大多数人都负担不起将核研究作为个人爱好的费用，但是鸟类观察者、岩石收藏者和其他人可以在有限的预算下进行真正的研究。 在一个完美的世界里，金钱并不会成为问题——所有的科学研究都是完全客观的。但在现实世界中，提供资金可能会带来偏见。与政府拨款或慈善组织赞助的研究相比，由制药行业赞助的药物研究最终更有可能偏袒所研究的药物。同样，与独立资助的研究相比，由食品行业赞助的营养研究最终更有可能偏袒所研究的食品。 那么我们应该如何看待这一切呢？我们应该忽视任何由公司或特殊利益团体资助的研究吗？当然不是。这些团体为科学研究提供了极为宝贵的资金。此外，科学有许多保障措施来揪出影响研究结果的偏见情况。最终，随着科学的进步，误导性的结果将会被纠正；然而，这个过程需要时间。与此同时，要特别谨慎地审查由行业或特殊利益团体资助的研究，这是值得的。其结果是否与其他独立资助的研究一致？其他科学家对这项研究有什么看法？稍加审查就十分有助于我们识别出与资金来源相关的偏见。 文章主题：科学研究的资金来源及其可能带来的偏见 What does the passage mainly discuss regarding scientific research? A) Its foundation. B) Its rewards. C) Its prospect. D) Its funding. 答案：D 定位： 第1段第1句。“most scientific research is funded by government grants, companies doing research and development and nonprofit foundations.” What do we learn from the passage about researchers like birdwatchers and rock collectors? A) They have little access to government funding. B) They can do research with limited resources. C) They can do amateur work in their own fields. D) They have no means for large-scale research. 答案：B 定位： 第2段最后一句。“bird watchers, rock collectors, and others can do real research on a limited budget.” What would scientific studies look like in a perfect world according to the author? A) They would be totally unbiased. B) They would be independently funded. C) They would be responsibly conducted. D) They would be strictly supervised. 答案：A 定位： 第3段第1句。“In a perfect world, money wouldn’t matter — all scientific studies would be completely objective.” What does the author say about companies and special interest groups? A) They try hard to pull down the safeguards for research. B) They make extra efforts to research their own products. C) They provide valuable resources for scientific research. D) They reap the most benefits from scientific research. 答案：C 定位： 第4段第3句。“These groups provide invaluable funding for scientific research.” What does the author think of research funded by industry or special interest groups? A) Its recommendations should be examined for feasibility. B) Its misleading results should be corrected in time. C) Its validity should be checked with additional care. D) Its hidden biases should be identified independently. 答案：C 定位： 第4段倒数第3句。“it pays to examine studies funded by industry or special interest groups with extra care.” 文章主题 本文讨论： 科学研究主要由政府、公司和非营利基金会资助。 科学资助方式随时代变化。 完美世界里研究完全客观。 现实中资金可能引入偏见。 公司或特殊利益团体提供宝贵资金，但需谨慎审查。 稍加审查有助于识别与资金来源相关的偏见。 题目定位 51题：文章主要讨论 → 科学研究的资金。 52题：鸟类观察者和岩石收藏者 → 可在有限资源下做研究。 53题：完美世界中的科学研究 → 完全公正。 54题：公司和特殊利益团体 → 为科学研究提供宝贵资源。 55题：行业或特殊利益团体资助的研究 → 应格外谨慎地审查其有效性。 关键同义替换 mainly discuss = passage mainly discuss funding = funded by limited resources = limited budget totally unbiased = completely objective provide valuable resources = provide invaluable funding checked with additional care = examine... with extra care 注意逻辑关系 But：转折处常出题。 However：转折处常出题。 Furthermore：递进处常出题。 Meanwhile：并列处常出题。 推断题技巧 55题问“What does the author think of research funded by industry or special interest groups?” 第4段说： 不应忽视这些研究。 这些团体提供宝贵资金。 但需特别谨慎地审查。 因此选C“Its validity should be checked with additional care.” 不要选B“misleading results should be corrected in time”，因为原文说误导性结果最终会被纠正，但这是科学进程，不是作者对该类研究的直接看法。 排除法 过于绝对的选项：only, never, completely, guarantee。 与原文矛盾的选项。 把“提供资金”说成“破坏保障措施”。 把“稍加审查”说成“独立识别偏见”。 先题后文：先读10个题干，划关键词。 定位优先：专有名词、数字、引号、最高级最先找。 同义替换：不要只找原词，要看改写。 段落可重复：不要因为一段选过就完全排除。 先易后难：明显题先做，抽象题后做。 时间控制：10—12分钟。 不要通读全文：扫读定位即可。 顺序原则：题目顺序通常与文章顺序一致。 定位句前后：答案常在定位句前一句或后一句。 同义替换：正确选项多为原文改写。 转折重点：but, however, yet, on the other hand 后常出答案。 观点题：注意 researchers found, scientists argue, advocates argue。 推断题：不选原文直接复述，选合理推断。 排除法：绝对化、无中生有、张冠李戴、答非所问。 时间控制：两篇共约18—20分钟。 题号 答案 36 I 37 C 38 M 39 F 40 A 41 K 42 E 43 L 44 B 45 G 题号 答案 46 B 47 A 48 D 49 C 50 B 题号 答案 51 D 52 B 53 A 54 C 55 C
一、Section B 原文与汉语译文
How to better work towards long-term goals
汉语译文
如何更好地朝着长期目标努力
Section B 答题策略
Section B 答题策略
二、Section C 原文与汉语译文
Passage One
汉语译文
Passage One 答题策略
Passage One 答题策略
Passage Two
汉语译文
Passage Two 答题策略
Passage Two 答题策略
三、Section B 与 Section C 通用答题策略
Section B 段落信息匹配
Section C 仔细阅读
四、答案速查
Section B
Section C Passage One
Section C Passage Two
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