山西中考英语第一轮复习 · 第12天
- 2026-10-21 04:04:53
D12 任务清单
词汇：第401~440词 ☐
语法：被动语态+情态动词综合 ☐
教材：八上 U9-U10 ☐
复习：D11词汇+情态动词（should/need） ☐
一、词汇（第401~440词）
时间安排
早上20分钟：背新词
中午5分钟：快速过一遍
睡前10分钟：回顾当天所有词
具体操作步骤
第一步：复习昨日词（5分钟）
先过一遍D11的40个词
还不熟的单独标记，重点记
第二步：筛选新词（3分钟）
第401~440词看一遍
认识的打√，不认识的打×
只重点记打×的词
第三步：记忆（12分钟）
每个生词读3遍、写2遍
重点记：拼写、词性、中文意思
动词要记过去式和过去分词（被动语态用）
名词要记可数还是不可数
第四步：检测（5分钟）
遮住中文，看英文说中文
遮住英文，看中文拼英文
不会的单独抄到小卡片
今日重点词性提醒
动词：注意过去分词和情态动词搭配
名词：注意复数形式
形容词：注意比较级变化
记忆小技巧
把词放到句子里记，不要孤立背
比如记 allowed，就记 You are not allowed to smoke here.
被动语态和情态动词常一起考
同义词、反义词可以一起记
比如 allow / permit，forbid / ban
具体40个词从你的中考词汇书或教材词汇表里按顺序取。
二、语法：被动语态+情态动词综合
1. 情态动词的被动语态
结构：情态动词 + be + 过去分词
常见情态动词的被动：
can be + 过去分词（能被）
may be + 过去分词（可能被）
must be + 过去分词（必须被）
should be + 过去分词（应该被）
needn't be + 过去分词（不必被）
mustn't be + 过去分词（禁止被）
例句：
The work can be finished today.
The book may be borrowed by students.
The rule must be obeyed.
The homework should be handed in tomorrow.
The room needn't be cleaned today.
The window mustn't be opened.
2. 被动语态各时态总复习
一般现在时：am/is/are + 过去分词
English is spoken all over the world.
一般过去时：was/were + 过去分词
The bridge was built in 2020.
一般将来时：will be + 过去分词
The work will be finished tomorrow.
现在完成时：have/has been + 过去分词
The work has been finished.
情态动词：情态动词 + be + 过去分词
The work must be finished today.
记忆口诀：
被动语态 be + 过去分词
时态变化看 be 动词
将来 will be，完成 have/has been
情态动词后加 be
3. 主动变被动（含情态动词）
三步法：
1. 把主动句的宾语变成被动句的主语
2. 把主动句的谓语变成 情态动词 + be + 过去分词
3. 把主动句的主语变成 by + 宾语（可省略）
例句：
主动：You must finish the work today.
被动：The work must be finished today.
主动：We should protect the environment.
被动：The environment should be protected.
主动：They can solve the problem.
被动：The problem can be solved.
主动：You needn't clean the room today.
被动：The room needn't be cleaned today.
4. 主动变被动（各时态综合）
一般现在时：
主动：People speak English.
被动：English is spoken.
一般过去时：
主动：Tom broke the window.
被动：The window was broken by Tom.
一般将来时：
主动：They will build the bridge.
被动：The bridge will be built.
现在完成时：
主动：They have built the bridge.
被动：The bridge has been built.
情态动词：
主动：You must finish the work.
被动：The work must be finished.
5. 常见易错点
错：The work must finished today.
对：The work must be finished today.
错：The work must be finish today.
对：The work must be finished today.
错：The book can borrowed by students.
对：The book can be borrowed by students.
错：The room needn't cleaned today.
对：The room needn't be cleaned today.
错：The window mustn't opened.
对：The window mustn't be opened.
注意：
情态动词后一定用 be + 过去分词
be 不能省略
过去分词不能用原形或过去式
6. 被动语态的特殊情况
含双宾语的被动：
主动：He gave me a book.
被动：I was given a book. / A book was given to me.
含宾语补足语的被动：
主动：We made him laugh.
被动：He was made to laugh.
不及物动词没有被动：
错：The accident was happened.
对：The accident happened.
错：The meeting was taken place.
对：The meeting took place.
常见无被动的动词：
happen, take place, appear, disappear
belong to, consist of, cost, last
7. 被动语态的判断方法
什么时候用被动：
不知道谁做的：The window was broken.
不需要说谁做的：This book is written for children.
强调动作的承受者：The bridge was built in 2020.
主语是动作的承受者：English is spoken.
主动还是被动：
主语是动作执行者 → 主动
主语是动作承受者 → 被动
例句对比：
Tom broke the window.（主动，Tom是执行者）
The window was broken by Tom.（被动，window是承受者）
三、教材：八上 U9-U10
任务清单
1. 快速通读 U9-U10 课文，每篇读2遍
2. 划出所有被动语态和含情态动词的句子
3. 圈出不认识的词，抄到生词本
4. 重点看以下内容
重点语法点
情态动词的被动语态
被动语态各时态综合
主动变被动的方法
无被动语态的动词
重点句型
The work must be finished today.
The environment should be protected.
The problem can be solved.
The room needn't be cleaned today.
English is spoken all over the world.
The bridge will be built next year.
The work has been finished.
四、今日练习
一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空（情态动词被动）
1. The work ______ (must finish) today.
2. The book ______ (can borrow) from the library.
3. The rule ______ (must obey).
4. The homework ______ (should hand in) tomorrow.
5. The room ______ (needn't clean) today.
6. The window ______ (mustn't open).
7. The problem ______ (can solve).
8. The environment ______ (should protect).
9. The letter ______ (may write) by him.
10. The car ______ (can repair) here.
二、把下列主动句改为被动句
1. You must finish the work today.
→ The work ______ ______ ______ today.
2. We should protect the environment.
→ The environment ______ ______ ______.
3. They can solve the problem.
→ The problem ______ ______ ______.
4. You needn't clean the room today.
→ The room ______ ______ ______ today.
5. People speak English all over the world.
→ English ______ ______ all over the world.
6. Tom broke the window yesterday.
→ The window ______ ______ by Tom yesterday.
7. They will build the bridge next year.
→ The bridge ______ ______ ______ next year.
8. They have built the bridge.
→ The bridge ______ ______ ______.
三、用括号内动词的适当形式填空（综合）
1. English ______ (speak) all over the world.
2. The window ______ (break) by Tom yesterday.
3. The bridge ______ (build) next year.
4. The work ______ (already finish).
5. The work ______ (must finish) today.
6. The book ______ (can borrow) from the library.
7. The room ______ (needn't clean) today.
8. The problem ______ (can solve).
9. The letter ______ (write) by Lucy yesterday.
10. The rule ______ (must obey).
四、翻译
1. 这项工作必须今天完成。
2. 这本书可以从图书馆借。
3. 这个问题可以解决。
4. 你不必今天打扫房间。
5. 应该保护环境。
6. 这扇窗户禁止打开。
7. 英语全世界都在说。
8. 这座桥明年将会建成。
五、改错（每句一处错误）
1. The work must finished today.
2. The work must be finish today.
3. The book can borrowed by students.
4. The room needn't cleaned today.
5. The window mustn't opened.
6. The accident was happened yesterday.
7. The meeting was taken place last week.
8. The work must be finish today.
六、判断下列句子该用主动还是被动，并填空
1. Tom ______ (break) the window yesterday.
2. The window ______ (break) by Tom yesterday.
3. English ______ (speak) by many people.
4. Many people ______ (speak) English.
5. The bridge ______ (build) in 2020.
6. They ______ (build) the bridge in 2020.
7. The work ______ (must finish) today.
8. You ______ (must finish) the work today.
五、睡前回顾（10分钟）
过一遍今天40个词，标出还不熟的
默写情态动词被动语态的结构
把今天错的题抄到错题本
用3句话总结被动语态的用法
六、明日预告
D13：第441~480词 + 专项刷题 + 八上重点句型
