专题07 高频考点:非谓语动词(复习讲义)
- 2026-10-28 16:36:19
7 高频考点:非谓语动词

命题分析
考点 | 考频 | 考查内容 | 命题趋势 |
不定式与动名词 | 5年4考 | 不定式作宾语、目的状语、宾语补足语;动名词作主语、宾语、介词宾语;enjoy doing、decide to do等固定搭配 | 预测2026年在语法填空中继续考查不定式与动名词的选用 |
现在分词与过去分词 | 5年4考 | 分词作定语、状语、宾语补足语;have sth. done、make sb. do等结构;分词的主动与被动判断 | 预测2026年在语法填空、单项填空中考查分词作状语与宾补 |
非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语的动词形式,包括不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词(现在分词doing、过去分词done)。判断非谓语动词形式的关键有三步:一看空处是否已有谓语动词,二看非谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系,三看动作与谓语动作发生的先后顺序。江苏合格考的核心考查方向包括不定式的句法功能、动名词的用法、分词的用法以及非谓语动词的固定搭配。
知识点1 动词不定式
不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成,保留动词的性质,可以带宾语或状语,但不能作谓语,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
①不定式的句法功能
不定式可作主语(To learn a language well takes time.,常用It作形式主语)、表语(My wish is to become a doctor.)、宾语、定语(I have a lot of homework to do.)和状语。
②不定式作宾语
want、hope、wish、decide、plan、agree、offer、promise、manage、refuse、learn、expect等动词后只能接不定式作宾语(He decided to join the club.)。
③不定式作宾语补足语
ask、tell、want、invite、encourage、allow、warn等后接“宾语 + to do”;make、let、have、see、hear、watch、notice、feel等后用“宾语 + do”,不定式不带to,但变为被动语态时to必须还原(He was made to work overtime.)。
④不定式作状语
表示目的用to do / in order to do / so as to do(He got up early to catch the bus.);表示结果用too ... to / enough to do(The box is too heavy to carry.);形容词表达情感时其后不定式表示原因(I am glad to see you.)。
知识点2 动名词
动名词由“动词 + -ing”构成,兼有动词和名词的性质,在句中主要作主语和宾语,也可作表语和定语。动名词表示习惯性、经常性的动作。
①动名词作主语
动名词作主语时谓语用单数(Reading widely helps us think.);常用“It is no use/no good doing sth.”句型(It is no use crying over spilt milk.)。
②动名词作宾语
enjoy、finish、mind、practise、suggest、advise、avoid、consider、imagine、keep、risk、miss等动词后只接动名词(She enjoys reading Chinese classics.)。
③动名词作介词宾语
介词后一律用动名词:be good at doing、be interested in doing、look forward to doing、have trouble (in) doing、be used to doing、devote oneself to doing(They are looking forward to visiting the museum.)。
④doing与to do语义不同
remember/forget/regret后接doing表示已做的事,接to do表示未做的事;stop doing表示停止做某事,stop to do表示停下来去做另一件事;try doing表示试着做,try to do表示努力做。
知识点3 现在分词与过去分词
①现在分词
现在分词表示主动和进行,可作定语(the sleeping baby)、表语(The film is moving.)、宾语补足语(I saw him crossing the street.)和状语(He sat there, reading a book.)。
②过去分词
过去分词表示被动和完成,可作定语(a broken cup)、表语(I am interested in it.)、宾语补足语(I had my hair cut.)和状语(Encouraged by the teacher, he tried again.)。
③分词作状语与独立主格
分词作状语时其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致;若不一致,则需在分词前加上自己的逻辑主语,构成独立主格结构(Time permitting, we will visit the museum.)。
必记结论:一个简单句中只能有一个谓语动词,已有谓语时其他动词须用非谓语形式;不定式表将来或目的,动名词表习惯或经常,现在分词表主动和进行,过去分词表被动和完成;make、let、have、see、hear等后的不定式不带to,变为被动语态时要还原to;介词后一律用动名词,如look forward to doing、be used to doing。
⚠️避坑指南
❌谓语与非谓语误判:句中已有谓语动词时,其余动词必须用非谓语形式,如He decided to learn(不能用learns)。
❌主动与被动混淆:非谓语与逻辑主语是主动关系用doing或to do,是被动关系用done或to be done,如a moving story与a moved audience。
❌固定搭配记错形式:enjoy/finish/mind/practise后接doing,decide/hope/plan/offer后接to do,介词后接doing,须逐条记牢。
Ø考点一 不定式作宾语、目的状语与宾语补足语
例1Our English teacher encouraged us ______ (take) part in the speech contest.
【答案】to take
【解析】考查不定式作宾语补足语。句意:我们的英语老师鼓励我们参加演讲比赛。encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”,故填to take。
例2He got up very early ______ (catch) the first bus to the science museum.
【答案】to catch
【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。句意:他很早就起床,以便赶上开往科技馆的首班公交车。空处表示目的,应用不定式,故填to catch。
解题策略 1.动词搭配法want、hope、decide、plan、agree、offer、promise、manage、refuse等动词后只能接不定式作宾语。 2.宾补判断法ask、tell、want、invite、encourage、allow等后接sb. to do;make、let、have、see、hear等后接sb. do,不定式不带to。 3.状语判断法表示目的用to do / in order to do / so as to do;表示结果用too ... to / enough to do。 |
Ø不定式考点总结
用法 | 示例 |
作宾语 | He decided to join the school science club. |
作宾语补足语(带to) | Our teacher asked us to read the passage aloud. |
作宾语补足语(省to) | The story made us laugh. / I saw him enter the room.(变被动须加to) |
作状语 | He got up early to catch the first bus. / The box is too heavy to carry. |
【变式训练1·基础巩固】My cousin hopes ______ (become) a doctor after he graduates from college.
【答案】to become
【解析】考查不定式作宾语。句意:我表哥希望大学毕业后成为一名医生。hope to do sth.意为“希望做某事”,故填to become。
【变式训练2·能力提升】The kind woman invited us ______ (have) dinner with her family.
【答案】to have
【解析】考查不定式作宾语补足语。句意:那位善良的女士邀请我们和她的家人共进晚餐。invite sb. to do sth.意为“邀请某人做某事”,故填to have。
Ø考点二动名词作主语、宾语与介词宾语
例1______ (Read) English aloud every morning helps improve your spoken English.
【答案】Reading
【解析】考查动名词作主语。句意:每天早上大声朗读英语有助于提高你的英语口语。空处作主语,表示习惯性动作,应用动名词,且位于句首首字母应大写,故填Reading。
例2We are looking forward to ______ (visit) the new science museum in our city.
【答案】visiting
【解析】考查动名词作介词宾语。句意:我们盼望着参观市里的新科技馆。look forward to中的to是介词,其后应接动名词,故填visiting。
解题策略 1.主语判断法动名词作主语表示习惯性动作,谓语用单数;It is no use/no good doing sth.为固定句型。 2.固定搭配法enjoy、finish、mind、practise、suggest、avoid、consider、imagine、keep等动词后只接动名词。 3.介词宾语法介词后必须用动名词,如be good at doing、look forward to doing、have trouble (in) doing。 |
Ø动名词考点总结
用法 | 要点 | 示例 |
作主语 | 谓语用单数;常用It is no use/no good doing sth. | Reading widely helps us learn about the world. |
作宾语 | enjoy/finish/mind/practise/suggest/avoid/consider/keep后接doing | She enjoys reading Chinese classics. |
作介词宾语 | 介词后一律用动名词 | They are looking forward to visiting the museum. |
固定短语 + doing | be used to doing / devote ... to doing / stick to doing | He is used to getting up early. |
doing与to do语义不同 | remember/forget/regret/stop/try后含义不同 | Remember to close the window.(未做)/ I remember closing it.(已做) |
【变式训练1·基础巩固】My father practises ______ (run) in the park every morning to keep fit.
【答案】running
【解析】考查动名词作宾语。句意:我爸爸每天早上在公园练习跑步以保持健康。practise doing sth.意为“练习做某事”,故填running。
【变式训练2·能力提升】It is no use ______ (worry) about the things you cannot change.
【答案】worrying
【解析】考查动名词作主语。句意:为你无法改变的事情担忧是没有用的。It is no use doing sth.为固定句型,意为“做某事没用”,故填worrying。
Ø考点三 现在分词与过去分词作定语、状语与宾补
例1The little girl sat by the window, ______ (look) at the birds flying in the sky.
【答案】looking
【解析】考查现在分词作状语。句意:小女孩坐在窗边,看着天空中飞翔的鸟儿。空处与逻辑主语the little girl之间是主动关系,且与sat同时发生,应用现在分词,故填looking。
例2______ (Encourage) by his teacher, Tim decided to take part in the maths competition.
【答案】Encouraged
【解析】考查过去分词作状语。句意:在老师的鼓励下,蒂姆决定参加数学竞赛。空处与逻辑主语Tim之间是被动关系,应用过去分词,且位于句首首字母应大写,故填Encouraged。
解题策略 1.主动被动法非谓语与逻辑主语是主动关系用现在分词,是被动关系用过去分词。 2.定语位置法单个分词作定语置于名词之前,分词短语作定语置于名词之后,可改写为定语从句。 3.状语一致法分词作状语时其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致;不一致时要用独立主格结构。 |
Ø现在分词与过去分词考点总结
形式 | 含义 | 用法与示例 |
现在分词 | 主动、进行 | 作定语:the sleeping baby;作状语:He sat there, reading a book. |
过去分词 | 被动、完成 | 作定语:a broken cup;作状语:Encouraged by the teacher, he tried again. |
作宾语补足语 | make/keep/find/see + 宾语 + 分词 | The news made us excited. / I found him reading in the library. |
作定语改写 | 分词短语 = 定语从句 | the boy standing there = the boy who is standing there |
作状语改写 | 分词短语 = 状语从句 | Walking along the river, I met an old friend. = When I was walking along the river, I met an old friend. |
【变式训练1·基础巩固】The students were very ______ (excite) when they heard the good news.
【答案】excited
【解析】考查过去分词作表语。句意:听到这个好消息,学生们非常兴奋。空处说明人的感受,与主语students是被动关系,应用过去分词,故填excited。
【变式训练2·能力提升】______ (Walk) along the river, we enjoyed the beautiful sunset in Nanjing.
【答案】Walking
【解析】考查现在分词作状语。句意:沿着河边散步时,我们欣赏着南京美丽的日落。空处与逻辑主语we之间是主动关系,应用现在分词,且位于句首首字母应大写,故填Walking。
Ø考点四非谓语动词的易混与固定搭配
例1The teacher had us ______ (hand) in the report before Friday.
【答案】hand
【解析】考查非谓语动词的固定搭配。句意:老师让我们在周五之前交报告。have sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”,其后不定式不带to,故填hand。
例2I must get my bike ______ (repair) this afternoon, for the chain is broken.
【答案】repaired
【解析】考查过去分词作宾语补足语。句意:今天下午我必须把自行车修好,因为链条断了。get sth. done意为“使某事被做”,过去分词作宾语补足语,故填repaired。
解题策略 1.固定搭配法enjoy doing / finish doing / decide to do / hope to do / would like to do等搭配须逐条记牢。 2.have用法法have sb. do sth.(让某人做某事);have sth. done(使某事被做、遭遇某事);have sb./sth. doing(使……持续)。 3.省to还原法make、let、have、see、hear等后的不定式不带to,变为被动语态时必须把to还原。 |
Ø非谓语动词易混与固定搭配考点总结
结构 | 含义 | 示例 |
enjoy doing | 喜欢做某事(后接动名词) | He enjoys listening to Chinese folk music. |
decide to do | 决定做某事(后接不定式) | She decided to learn Chinese painting. |
have sth. done | 让某事被做;遭遇某事(过去分词作宾补) | I had my hair cut yesterday. |
make sb. do | 使某人做某事(不定式省略to) | The story made us laugh.(被动:We were made to laugh.) |
stop doing / stop to do | 停止做某事 / 停下来去做另一件事 | He stopped talking. / He stopped to talk to me. |
used to do / be used to doing | 过去常常做某事 / 习惯于做某事 | He used to swim in the river. / He is used to swimming in winter. |
【变式训练1·基础巩固】My mother had me ______ (clean) my bedroom before I went out to play.
【答案】clean
【解析】考查非谓语动词的固定搭配。句意:妈妈让我在出去玩之前打扫我的卧室。have sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”,其后不定式不带to,故填clean。
【变式训练2·能力提升】She decided ______ (take) part in the volunteer activity during the summer holiday.
【答案】to take
【解析】考查不定式作宾语。句意:她决定在暑假期间参加志愿服务活动。decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”,故填to take。
一、单句语法填空
1. My father enjoys ______ (watch) documentaries about Chinese history.
【答案】watching
【解析】考查动名词作宾语。句意:我爸爸喜欢看关于中国历史的纪录片。enjoy doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”,故填watching。
2. The students decided ______ (hold) a class meeting about how to keep healthy.
【答案】to hold
【解析】考查不定式作宾语。句意:学生们决定召开一次关于如何保持健康的班会。decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”,故填to hold。
3. It is important for us ______ (form) the habit of reading every day.
【答案】to form
【解析】考查不定式作主语。句意:对我们来说,养成每天阅读的习惯很重要。It is + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.为固定句型,故填to form。
4. Our teacher asked us ______ (hand) in the writing task on Friday.
【答案】to hand
【解析】考查不定式作宾语补足语。句意:老师让我们周五交写作作业。ask sb. to do sth.意为“要求某人做某事”,故填to hand。
5. The funny story made all the children ______ (laugh) happily.
【答案】laugh
【解析】考查非谓语动词的固定搭配。句意:这个有趣的故事使所有的孩子都开心地笑了。make sb. do sth.意为“使某人做某事”,其后不定式不带to,故填laugh。
6. ______ (Learn) a foreign language well takes much time and patience.
【答案】Learning
【解析】考查动名词作主语。句意:学好一门外语需要许多时间和耐心。空处作主语表示习惯性动作,应用动名词,且位于句首首字母应大写,故填Learning。
7. We are looking forward to ______ (visit) the new science museum in our city.
【答案】visiting
【解析】考查动名词作介词宾语。句意:我们盼望着参观市里的新科技馆。look forward to中的to是介词,其后接动名词,故填visiting。
8. He is good at ______ (communicate) with people from different countries.
【答案】communicating
【解析】考查动名词作介词宾语。句意:他善于与来自不同国家的人交流。be good at意为“擅长”,其中at是介词,其后接动名词,故填communicating。
9. Please remember ______ (turn) off the lights before you leave the classroom.
【答案】to turn
【解析】考查非谓语动词的易混用法。句意:离开教室前请记得关灯。remember to do sth.表示“记得去做某事(事情尚未做)”,故填to turn。
10. I still remember ______ (visit) the Great Wall with my parents when I was eight.
【答案】visiting
【解析】考查非谓语动词的易混用法。句意:我仍然记得八岁时和父母一起游览长城。remember doing sth.表示“记得做过某事(事情已做)”,故填visiting。
11. The little boy was ______ (excite) when he saw the model rocket fly into the sky.
【答案】excited
【解析】考查过去分词作表语。句意:看到模型火箭飞上天空时,小男孩非常激动。空处说明人的感受,与主语是被动关系,应用过去分词,故填excited。
12. ______ (Encourage) by his parents, Tom kept on practising the piano.
【答案】Encouraged
【解析】考查过去分词作状语。句意:在父母的鼓励下,汤姆坚持练习钢琴。空处与逻辑主语Tom之间是被动关系,应用过去分词,且位于句首首字母应大写,故填Encouraged。
13. I saw some children ______ (play) football on the playground when I passed by.
【答案】playing
【解析】考查现在分词作宾语补足语。句意:我路过时看见一些孩子正在操场上踢足球。see sb. doing sth.表示“看见某人正在做某事”,故填playing。
14. The girl sat by the window, ______ (read) a story about Chinese paper-cutting.
【答案】reading
【解析】考查现在分词作状语。句意:那个女孩坐在窗边,读着一个关于中国剪纸的故事。空处与逻辑主语the girl之间是主动关系,应用现在分词,故填reading。
15. My grandparents have their house ______ (clean) once a week.
【答案】cleaned
【解析】考查过去分词作宾语补足语。句意:我祖父母每周请人打扫一次房子。have sth. done意为“使某事被做”,故填cleaned。
16. I have to get my watch ______ (repair) before the sports meeting.
【答案】repaired
【解析】考查过去分词作宾语补足语。句意:运动会之前我得把手表修好。get sth. done意为“使某事被做”,故填repaired。
17. The teacher told us ______ (not be) afraid of making mistakes in class.
【答案】not to be
【解析】考查不定式的否定形式。句意:老师告诉我们在课堂上不要害怕犯错误。tell sb. not to do sth.表示“告诉某人不要做某事”,故填not to be。
18. He stopped ______ (drink) coffee at night, for it made him hard to fall asleep.
【答案】drinking
【解析】考查非谓语动词的易混用法。句意:他晚上不再喝咖啡了,因为咖啡让他难以入睡。stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”,故填drinking。
二、语法填空
Last summer I volunteered 1. ______ (teach) children Chinese paper-cutting in a community centre near my home.
At first, I found it difficult 2. ______ (make) the children understand the steps, so I decided 3. ______ (show) them a short video about this traditional art.
The children were so 4. ______ (interest) in the colourful paper that they kept 5. ______ (ask) me all kinds of questions.
When one of them finished 6. ______ (cut) out a beautiful "double happiness", the whole room cheered. 7. ______ (See) the smile on his face, I felt really proud.
Now I understand that 8. ______ (share) culture with others is a happy thing. 9. ______ (Encourage) by this experience, I plan 10. ______ (join) in more such activities.
【答案】1. to teach 2. to make 3. to show 4. interested 5. asking 6. cutting 7. Seeing 8. sharing 9. Encouraged 10. to join
【解析】
1. 考查不定式作宾语。句意:去年夏天我在社区中心志愿教孩子们中国剪纸。volunteer to do sth.意为“自愿做某事”,故填to teach。
2. 考查不定式作宾语。句意:起初我发现让孩子们理解这些步骤很难。find it + 形容词 + to do sth.中用it作形式宾语,真正宾语为不定式,故填to make。
3. 考查不定式作宾语。句意:于是我决定给他们放一段关于这门传统艺术的短视频。decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”,故填to show。
4. 考查过去分词作表语。句意:孩子们对彩色的纸如此感兴趣。be interested in意为“对……感兴趣”,说明人的感受,应用过去分词,故填interested。
5. 考查动名词作宾语。句意:他们不断地向我提各种问题。keep doing sth.意为“一直做某事”,故填asking。
6. 考查动名词作宾语。句意:当他们中的一个剪出一个漂亮的“双喜”时,整个屋子都欢呼起来。finish doing sth.意为“做完某事”,故填cutting。
7. 考查现在分词作状语。句意:看到他脸上的笑容,我真的感到很自豪。空处与逻辑主语I之间是主动关系,应用现在分词,且位于句首首字母应大写,故填Seeing。
8. 考查动名词作主语。句意:现在我明白了与他人分享文化是一件快乐的事。that引导的宾语从句中缺少主语,且表示习惯性动作,应用动名词,故填sharing。
9. 考查过去分词作状语。句意:受到这次经历的鼓舞,我打算参加更多这样的活动。空处与逻辑主语I之间是被动关系,应用过去分词,且位于句首首字母应大写,故填Encouraged。
10. 考查不定式作宾语。句意:同上。plan to do sth.意为“计划做某事”,故填to join。
三、真题演练
1.(2022·江苏普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语·单项填空)Yesterday I broke my favourite watch, and now I have to get it ______.A. repairedB. repairingC. repairD. to repair
【答案】A
【解析】考查过去分词作宾语补足语。句意:昨天我把最喜欢的手表摔坏了,现在我得把它修好。get sth. done意为“使某事被做”,此处表示手表被修,应用过去分词作宾语补足语,故选A。
2.(2022·江苏普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语·单项填空)______ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team shouted happily.A. To throwB. ThrowingC. ThrownD. Being thrown
【答案】B
【解析】考查现在分词作状语。句意:获胜队的球迷把帽子抛向空中,高兴地欢呼起来。空处与逻辑主语the fans之间是主动关系,且与shouted同时发生,应用现在分词作伴随状语;不定式To throw表示目的,Thrown与Being thrown表示被动,均不符合语境,故选B。
3.(2025·江苏普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语)"About 20 people offered 45 ______ (work) on the next version (版本)," Rochet said.
【答案】to work
【解析】考查不定式作宾语。句意:罗谢说:“大约有20人主动提出参与下一版本的研发工作。”offer to do sth.意为“主动提出做某事”,故填to work。
4.(2023·江苏普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语)Tang also gave the elderly woman first aid, as he found she had trouble in 43 ______ (breathe).
【答案】breathing
【解析】考查动名词作介词宾语。句意:唐宇还给这位老人做了急救,因为他发现她呼吸困难。have trouble (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”,介词in后接动名词,故填breathing。


