2027届学科英语考研搞定真题D03 2026华南师范大学,2026延安大学,北师大2025,湖北大学2025,2025天津师大

Motivation 动机 2026延安大学810，2026华南师范大学864，北京师范大学2025

Motivation is one of the most important concepts in psychology as motivation theory is also of attempt to explain nothing less than why humans behave and think as they do. This notion is of great importance in language education as it is one of the most common terms teachers and success or failure in learning. Indeed, it provides the primary impetus to initiate second/foreign (L2) learning and later the driving force to sustain the long and often tedious learning process. (来自外语教学理论选读P92)

动机是心理学中最重要的概念之一，因为动机理论旨在解释人类为何会有特定的行为和思维方式。这一观念在语言教育中尤为重要，因为它是教师和学习成败与否的最常见术语之一。事实上，它为启动第二语言/外语（L2）学习提供了主要动力，并在之后成为维持漫长且往往乏味的学习过程的驱动力。

Integrative motivation 融合型动机 (湖北大学2025)

借鉴莫勒（Mowrer）、加德纳（Gardner）和兰伯特（Lambert）的认同概念，他们提出了一个称为“融合型动机”的构念。当学习者希望与另一种民族语言产生认同感时，就被认为是具有融合型动机。这与工具型动机形成对比，工具型动机是指学习者出于实用目的而学习第二语言，如促进职业发展、提高社会地位或满足教育要求。

What are the differences between integrative and instrumental motivation? Why don’t they exclude each other? (2025天津师范大学)

Instrumental motivation: which occurs when people learn a foreignlanguage for external goals such as passing exams, financial rewards or furtheringa career etc.For instance, a student learning English to get a job in an international company or to study abroad is motivated instrumentally.  

Integrative motivation: the drive that people learn a foreign languagebecause of the wish to identify with the target culture.For example, a person learning Spanish because they want to better understand and engage with the local Hispanic community in their neighborhood demonstrates integrative motivation.

These two types of motivation do not exclude each other because they can coexist and even reinforce one another. A learner might initially study a language instrumentally to pass a required exam for university admission—but as they engage with the language, they may develop an interest in its culture, leading to integrative motivation. Conversely, someone motivated by a desire to connect with a target culture might also recognize that proficiency in the language will help them achieve practical goals like working in that country. Thus, they often overlap and complement each other, enhancing overall motivation to learn the language.

题目：融合型动机与工具型动机有何区别？为何它们并不相互排斥？（2025年天津师范大学）

工具型动机：指人们为了达到外部目标而学习外语，如通过考试、获得经济奖励或职业发展等。例如，学生学习英语是为了在跨国公司谋得一份工作或出国留学，这种动机就是工具型的。

融合型动机：指人们出于对目标文化的认同而学习外语的内在驱动力。例如，一个人学习西班牙语是因为他们想更好地理解和融入自己社区的当地西班牙裔群体，这体现了其融合型动机。

这两种动机并不相互排斥，因为它们可以共存，甚至相互强化。学习者最初可能出于工具性动机学习一门语言，以通过大学入学考试这一必要考试——但随着他们与该语言的接触，他们可能会对其文化产生兴趣，从而产生融合型动机。相反，出于与目标文化交流的愿望而学习的人也可能认识到，熟练掌握该语言将帮助他们实现实际目标，如在该国工作。因此，这两种动机往往相互重叠和互补，从而增强学习该语言的整体动机。