真题原文片段：
examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the u.s., when the standard oil trust was broken up.
题目：from paragraph 4 we can infer that ______
a. the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers
b. worldcom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs
c. the costs of the globalization process are enormous
d. the standard oil trust might have threatened competition
学生错题情况：选错a选项，原因是看到“merger of oil firms”就主观推断“企业合并会伤害消费者”，没有回归原文定位，且忽略了选项中“certain”（绝对化表述）的陷阱。
私塾解析：这道题是典型的推理题（题干含infer），解题关键是“原文定位+合理推断，不过度引申”。首先用题干关键词“the standard oil trust”回文定位到原文末句，原文提到“100年前美国标准石油联合公司被解散，就是因为当时人们担心它会对竞争构成威胁”，由此可合理推断d选项“标准石油联合公司可能曾对竞争形成过威胁”（might have done表示对过去的推测，符合推理题“不绝对”的原则）。
错因总结：① 定位不精准，未找到题干关键词对应的原文句子；② 对干扰项特征不敏感，a选项中“certain”是绝对化表述，考研阅读中绝对化选项通常为错误答案；③ 过度引申，未遵循“原文有依据”的推理原则。
考点标注：推理题（高频考点），考点位于转折词“yet”后，且涉及定语从句的理解，命题陷阱为“绝对化表述”“过度推断”。
