2024年6月大学英语四级考试真题(第一套)Part III Reading Comprehension 的 Section B 和 Section C
- 2026-10-12 11:36:41
2024年6月大学英语四级考试真题(第一套)Part III Reading Comprehension 的 Section B 和 Section CA) How will we all keep busy when we only have to work 15 hours a week? That was the question that worried the British economist John Maynard Keynes when he wrote his short essay "Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren" in 1930. Over the next century, he predicted, the economy would become so productive that people would barely need to work at all. For a while, it looked like Keynes was right. In 1930 the average working week was 47 hours in the United States. But by 1970, the number of hours Americans worked on average had fallen to slightly less than 39. B) But then something changed. Instead of continuing to decline, the duration of the working week remained stable. It has stayed at just below 40 hours for nearly five decades. So what happened? Why are people working just as much today as in 1970? C) There would be no mystery in this if Keynes had been wrong about the power of technology to increase the economy's productivity, which he thought would lead to a standard of living "between four and eight times as high as it is today." But Keynes got that right: Technology has made the economy massively more productive. According to Benjamin M. Friedman, an economist at Harvard, the U.S. economy is right on track to reach Keynes's eightfold multiple by 2029. That is a century after the last data Keynes would have had access to. D) In a new paper, Friedman tries to figure out why that increased productivity has not translated into increased leisure time. Perhaps people just never feel materially satisfied, always wanting more money to buy the next new thing. This is a theory that appeals to many economists. "This argument is, at best, far from sufficient," he writes. If that were the case, why did the duration of the working week decline in the first place? E) Another theory Friedman considers is that, in an era of ever fewer settings that provide effective opportunities for personal connections and relationships, people may place more value on the socializing that happens at work. There is support for this theory. Many people today consider colleagues as friends. But Friedman argues that the evidence for this theory is far from conclusive. Many workers report that they would like to spend more time with family, rather than at work. Furthermore, this theory cannot explain the change in trend in the U.S. working week in the 1970s. F) A third possibility proves more convincing for Friedman. That is, American inequality means that the gains of increasing productivity are not widely shared by everyone. In other words, most Americans are too poor to work less. Unlike the other two explanations Friedman considers, this one fits chronologically. Inequality declined in America during the period following World War II, along with the duration of the working week. But since the early 1970s it has risen dramatically. G) Keynes's prediction of a shorter working week rests on the idea that the standard of living would continue rising for everyone. But Friedman says that this is not what has happened. Although Keynes's eight-fold figure holds up for the economy as a whole, it is not at all the case for the median American worker. For them, output by 2029 is likely to be around 3.5 times what it was when Keynes was writing. This is a bit below his four-to-eight-fold predicted range. H) This can be seen in the median worker's income over this time period complete with a shift in 1973 that fits in precisely with when the working week stopped shrinking. According to Friedman, between 1947 and 1973, the average hourly wage for normal workers (those who were not in management roles) in private industries other than agriculture nearly doubled in terms of what their money could buy. But by 2013 the average hourly wage for ordinary workers had fallen 5 percent from the 1973 level in terms of actual purchasing power. Thus, though American incomes may have gone up since 1973, the amount that American workers can actually buy with their money has gone down. For most Americans, then, the magic of increasing productivity stopped working around 1973. Thus, they had to keep working just as much in order to maintain their standard of living. I) What Keynes predicted was a very optimistic version of what economists call technological unemployment. This is the idea that less labor will be necessary because machines can do so much. In Keynes's vision, the resulting unemployment would be distributed more or less evenly across society in the form of increased leisure. But Friedman says that, for Americans, reality is much darker. Americans now have a labor market in which millions of people — those with fewer skills and less education — are seeking whatever poorly paid work they can get. This is confirmed by a recent poll that found that, for half of hourly workers, their top concern is not that they work too much but that they work too little. This is most likely not because they like their jobs so much. Rather, we can assume it is because they need the money. J) This explanation leaves an important question. If the very rich — the workers who have reaped above-average gains from the increased productivity since Keynes's time — can afford to work less, why do they continue to work so much? (Indeed, research has shown that the highest earners in America tend to work the most.) Friedman believes that for many top earners, work is a labor of love. They are doing work they care about and are interested in, and doing more of it is not necessarily a burden. For them, it may even be a pleasure. These top earners derive meaning from their jobs and work is an important part of how they think of themselves. And, of course, they are compensated for it at a level that makes it worth their while. K) Friedman concludes that the prosperity Keynes predicted is here. After all, the economy as a whole has grown even more brilliantly than he expected. But for most Americans, that prosperity is nowhere to be seen. And, as a result, neither are those shorter working weeks. A) 等我们一周只需要工作15个小时的时候，我们还怎么保持忙碌状态？这是英国经济学家约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯在1930年撰写短篇论文《我们后代在经济上的可能前景》时所担忧的问题。他预测，在接下来的一个世纪里，经济会变得非常高效，人们几乎不需要工作。有一段时间，看起来凯恩斯是对的。1930年，美国人平均每周的工作时间是47个小时。但到了1970年，美国人平均每周的工作时数已经下降到不足39个小时。 B) 但后来，情况发生了改变。每周工作时长不但没有继续下降，反而保持稳定。在近五十年的时间里，它一直保持在略低于40个小时。那么，到底发生了什么？为什么今天人们的工作时间和1970年一样多？ C) 如果凯恩斯对于科技提高经济生产力的预测是错误的，这个问题就不足为奇了。他认为经济生产力的提高会让人们的生活水平提高，“比今天高出四到八倍”。但凯恩斯预测得很准：科技确实让经济生产力大幅度提升了。根据哈佛的经济学者本杰明·M.弗里德曼的说法，美国的经济水平完全有可能在2029年达到凯恩斯预测的八倍增长，这距离当年凯恩斯能获取的最后数据的时间，正好是一个世纪。 D) 在一篇新论文中，弗里德曼试图了解为什么产值的提升并未转化为更多的休息时间。可能是人们永远不会在物质上感到满足，总想要更多的钱去买下一样新东西。这种理论也吸引了很多经济学家。“这个论点，无论如何，证据也是不充分的，”他写道。如果是这样，为什么最开始工作周的时长会减少呢？ E) 弗里德曼考虑的另一个理论是，在这个时代，社会环境能够提供的有效的人际关系机会越来越少，人们可能更加珍视在工作中的社交时间。这个理论是有一定依据的，因为很多人现在把同事当作朋友。但弗里德曼认为，这个理论的依据还远远不够确凿。许多员工表示，他们希望花更多的时间与家人在一起，而不是工作。此外，这一理论也不能解释20世纪70年代美国每周工作时长变化的趋势。 F) 对弗里德曼来说，第三种可能性更具有说服力。那就是，美国社会的不平等意味着生产力提高所带来的利益并未被所有人广泛共享。换言之，大多数美国人太贫穷，无法减少工作时间。与弗里德曼所考虑的其他两种解释不同，这一解释在时间顺序上更符合逻辑。在二战结束后的那段时间里，随着每周工作时长的减少，美国社会的不平等程度下降了。但自20世纪70年代早期以来，美国社会的不平等程度却急剧上升。 G) 凯恩斯预测每周工作时长将会减少，这个预测是基于每个人的生活水平会持续提高的想法。但弗里德曼则表示实际情况并非如此。尽管凯恩斯预测的八倍增长对整个美国经济来说是成立的，但对中等水平的美国工人来说，却完全不是这样。对他们来说，到2029年，生产量可能只是凯恩斯写论文时的3.5倍。这比他预测的四到八倍的增长范围少了一些。 H) 从这一时期的工人收入中位数可以看出，1973年的转变正好与每周工作时间停止减少的时间相吻合。根据弗里德曼的说法，从1947年到1973年，农业以外的私营企业的普通工人（不担任管理职务的工人）的平均时薪的购买力几乎翻了一番。但到了2013年，普通工人的平均时薪的实际购买力与1973年相比下降了5%。因此，尽管美国人的收入自1973年以来可能有所增加，但是美国工人用他们的钱实际能买到的物品却减少了。对当时大部分美国人而言，提高生产力的魔力在1973年左右就不再起作用了。因此，为了维持生活水平，他们不得不继续努力工作。 I) 凯恩斯的预测是经济学家所说的技术性失业的一个非常乐观的版本。这种观点认为，由于机器可以做很多事情，对劳动力的需求会变得更小。在凯恩斯的设想中，由此产生的失业将以闲暇时间增加的形式或多或少均匀地分布在整个社会。但弗里德曼说，对美国人而言，现实要黑暗得多。在美国目前的劳动力市场上，数以百万计的人——那些技能较少、教育程度较低的人——正在寻找他们所能找到的任何工作，不管收入有多低。最近的一项民意调查证实了这一点，该调查发现，对于一半的小时工来说，他们最担心的不是工作太多，而是工作太少。这很可能不是因为他们太喜欢自己的工作。相反，我们可以认为这是因为他们需要钱。 J) 这种解释留下了一个重要问题。如果非常富有的人——那些自凯恩斯时代以来从生产力提高中获得高于平均水平收益的工作者——足够有钱，可以少工作，那么他们为什么还要继续工作这么久呢？（事实上，研究表明，美国收入最高的人往往在工作上付出的时间最多。）弗里德曼认为，对于许多高收入者来说，工作是一种热爱的劳动。他们正在做他们关心和感兴趣的工作，做更多的工作未必是一种负担。对他们来说，这甚至可能是一种乐趣。这些高收入者从他们的工作中获得意义，工作是他们如何看待自己的一个重要组成部分。当然，他们得到了一定程度的补偿，这让他们的付出变得值得。 K) 弗里德曼得出的结论是，凯恩斯预言的繁荣已经到来。毕竟，整个经济的增长比他预期的还要出色。但对于大多数美国人而言，这种繁荣却无影无踪。而且，每周工作时长变少也无从谈起。 Some people view socializing at the workplace as a chance to develop personal relationships. 答案：E 定位提示： socializing at the workplace / develop personal relationships → E段 “people may place more value on the socializing that happens at work... Many people today consider colleagues as friends.” As ordinary American workers' average hourly pay had decreased despite increasing productivity, they had to work just as many hours as before to keep their living standards. 答案：H 定位提示： ordinary workers / average hourly pay / decreased / work just as many hours → H段 “the average hourly wage for ordinary workers had fallen 5 percent... they had to keep working just as much in order to maintain their standard of living.” American workers' average weekly working time has not changed for nearly half a century. 答案：B 定位提示： average weekly working time / not changed / nearly half a century → B段 “the duration of the working week remained stable. It has stayed at just below 40 hours for nearly five decades.” Friedman believes inequality in the U.S. largely explains why increasing productivity has not resulted in reduced working hours. 答案：F 定位提示： inequality / increasing productivity / reduced working hours → F段 “American inequality means that the gains of increasing productivity are not widely shared by everyone. In other words, most Americans are too poor to work less.” Many economists assume people's thirst for material things has prevented them from enjoying more leisure time. 答案：D 定位提示： many economists / material things / leisure time → D段 “Perhaps people just never feel materially satisfied, always wanting more money... This is a theory that appeals to many economists.” An economist's prediction about a shorter average working week seemed to be correct for a time in the 20th century. 答案：A 定位提示： economist's prediction / shorter working week / correct for a time → A段 “he predicted... people would barely need to work at all. For a while, it looked like Keynes was right.” In the U.S. labor market, the primary concern of people with less schooling and fewer skills is to secure any employment even if it is low-paid. 答案：I 定位提示： labor market / less schooling and fewer skills / low-paid → I段 “those with fewer skills and less education — are seeking whatever poorly paid work they can get.” Keynes was right in predicting that technology would make the economy much more productive. 答案：C 定位提示： Keynes / technology / economy much more productive → C段 “But Keynes got that right: Technology has made the economy massively more productive.” Many of the highest earners have a keen interest in and love for what they are doing. 答案：J 定位提示： highest earners / keen interest / love → J段 “for many top earners, work is a labor of love. They are doing work they care about and are interested in...” According to Keynes, there would be a shorter working week with everyone's standard of living continuing to rise. 答案：G 定位提示： Keynes / shorter working week / standard of living continuing to rise → G段 “Keynes's prediction of a shorter working week rests on the idea that the standard of living would continue rising for everyone.” Section B 是四级阅读中典型的段落信息匹配题，通常文章后有10个陈述句，要求判断信息来自哪一段。它不按顺序出题，难度在于“同义替换”和“定位”。 先读题干，划关键词 不要先通读全文。先看36—45题，每句划出： 人名、机构名、时间、数字 动词短语 形容词最高级 因果关系、转折关系 特殊名词，如 Keynes、Friedman、productivity、inequality、working week 等 例如： 36题关键词：socializing / workplace / personal relationships 37题关键词：ordinary workers / hourly pay / decreased / living standards 38题关键词：average weekly working time / not changed / half a century 44题关键词：highest earners / keen interest / love 带着关键词扫读段落 不要逐词翻译。重点看每段： 首句 末句 转折词 however / but / yet 引号内容 数字、专有名词 比较级、最高级 识别同义替换 这是匹配题核心。例如： view socializing as a chance to develop personal relationships = place more value on the socializing that happens at work / consider colleagues as friends average hourly pay had decreased = the average hourly wage... had fallen work just as many hours as before = keep working just as much keep their living standards = maintain their standard of living has not changed = remained stable for nearly half a century = for nearly five decades inequality largely explains = American inequality means... thirst for material things = never feel materially satisfied prevented them from enjoying more leisure time = has not translated into increased leisure time prediction about a shorter working week = he predicted... people would barely need to work at all correct for a time = it looked like Keynes was right less schooling and fewer skills = fewer skills and less education secure any employment even if low-paid = seeking whatever poorly paid work they can get technology would make the economy much more productive = Technology has made the economy massively more productive keen interest and love = work is a labor of love / work they care about and are interested in shorter working week with everyone's standard of living continuing to rise = rests on the idea that the standard of living would continue rising for everyone 注意“一段可多用” 题干说明“You may choose a paragraph more than once”，所以不要因为某段用过就排除。但本套题中多数段落只对应一题。 先易后难 先做带明显专有名词、数字、引号的题，如： 38题 nearly half a century / 40 hours → B段 40题 many economists → D段 43题 Keynes / technology → C段 45题 Keynes / standard of living → G段 再做抽象概括题，如： 36题 socializing / relationships → E段 39题 inequality / productivity → F段 控制时间 建议 Section B 用时 10—12分钟。不要在某一段纠结太久。若两个选项都像，优先选有明确同义替换的。 常见干扰 题干中的词在多个段落出现，但逻辑不符。 段落提到同一主题，但并非题干所问的具体信息。 张冠李戴：如把“凯恩斯的预测”说成“弗里德曼的观点”。 范围扩大或缩小：如“some workers”变成“all workers”。 Section C 包括两篇 Passage。 Lao Zi once said, "Care about what other people think and you will always be their prisoner." People-pleasing, or seeking self-worth through others' approval, is unproductive and an exhausting way to go through life. Why do we allow what others think of us to have so much power over how we feel about ourselves? If it's true that you can't please all people all of the time, wouldn't it make sense to stop trying? Unfortunately, sense often isn't driving our behavior. For social beings who desire love and belonging, wanting to be liked, and caring about the effect we have on others, is healthy and allows us to make connections. However, where we get into trouble is when our self-worth is dependent upon whether we win someone's approval or not. This need to be liked can be traced back to when we were children and were completely dependent on others to take care of us. Small children are not just learning how to walk and communicate, they are also trying to learn how the world works. We learn about who we are and what is expected of us based on interactions with others so, to a four-year-old, if Mommy or Daddy doesn't like him or her, there is the danger that they will abandon them. We need to understand that when we desperately want someone to approve of us, it's being driven by that little kid part of us that is still terrified of abandonment. As you become more capable of providing yourself with the approval you seek, your need for external validation will start to vanish, leaving you stronger, more confident, and yes, happier in your life. Imagine how much time we lose each moment we restrain our authentic selves in an effort to be liked. If we base our worth on the opinions of others, we cheat ourselves of the power to shape our experiences and embrace life not only for others but also for ourselves, because ultimately, there is no difference. So embrace the cliche and love yourself as it's highly doubtful that you'll regret it. 老子曾经说过：“在意别人怎么想，你将永远是他们的囚徒。” 取悦他人，或者从他人的认可中寻求自我价值，是徒劳的，是一种令人疲惫的生活方式。为什么我们允许别人对我们的看法对我们自己的感受产生如此大的影响？如果你真的无法做到一直让所有人都满意，那么停止尝试不是更有道理吗？ 遗憾的是，我们的行为往往不受理智的驱动。对于渴望爱和归属感的社会人而言，想要被人喜欢并且在意我们对他人的影响，这是健康的，可以让我们与他人建立人际关系。然而，当我们的自我价值取决于我们是否赢得了他人的肯定时，我们就会陷入困境。 这种被人喜欢的需要可以追溯到我们还是孩子的时候，那时我们完全依赖于别人对我们的照顾。小孩子不仅在学习如何走路和与人交流，他们还在努力了解世界是如何运作的。我们通过与他人的互动来了解自我，了解他人对我们的期望，因此，对于一个四岁的孩子来说，如果妈妈或爸爸不喜欢自己，他们就有被抛弃的危险。我们需要明白，当我们迫切希望有人能够认可我们时，这是由我们内心那个仍然害怕被抛弃的小孩所推动的。 当你变得越来越有能力为自己提供你所寻求的认可时，你对外部认可的需求将开始消失，这会让你更加强大、自信，而且理所当然地，你的生活会更加快乐。想象一下，每一次我们努力讨人喜欢而抑制真实的自我时，浪费了多少时光。 如果我们将自己的价值建立在他人的意见之上，我们就剥夺了自己塑造经历、拥抱生活的力量，不仅为他人，也为自己，因为归根结底，二者并没有区别。所以欣然接受这句老话并爱自己吧，这样做你不太可能会后悔。 文章主题：取悦他人、自我价值与外部认可 What can we conclude from Lao Zi's quotation? A) We should see through other people's attempt to make a prisoner of us. B) We can never really please other people even if we try as hard as we can. C) We can never be truly free if taking to heart others' opinion of us. D) We should care about other people's view as much as they care about our own. 答案：C 定位： 第1段。“Care about what other people think and you will always be their prisoner.” What will happen if we base our self-worth on other people's approval? A) Our desire to be loved will be fulfilled. B) Our life will be unfruitful and exhausting. C) Our identity as social beings will be affected. D) Our sense of self will be sharpened and enhanced. 答案：B 定位： 第2段第1句。“People-pleasing, or seeking self-worth through others' approval, is unproductive and an exhausting way to go through life.” What may account for our need to be liked or approved of? A) Our desperate longing for interactions with others. B) Our understanding of the workings of the world. C) Our knowledge about the pain of abandonment. D) Our early childhood fear of being deserted. 答案：D 定位： 第4段最后一句。“when we desperately want someone to approve of us, it's being driven by that little kid part of us that is still terrified of abandonment.” What can we do when we become better able to provide ourselves with the desired approval? A) Enjoy a happier life. B) Exercise self-restraint. C) Receive more external validation. D) Strengthen our power of imagination. 答案：A 定位： 第5段第1句。“your need for external validation will start to vanish, leaving you stronger, more confident, and yes, happier in your life.” What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph? A) Embrace life for ourselves and for others. B) Base our worth on others' opinions. C) See our experiences as assets. D) Love ourselves as we are. 答案：D 定位： 最后一段最后一句。“So embrace the cliche and love yourself as it's highly doubtful that you'll regret it.” 题型特点 Passage One 是标准四级仔细阅读选择题，通常5题，顺序与文章顺序基本一致。题目多考查： 细节理解 同义替换 作者态度 因果关系 转折对比 解题步骤 先读题干，不读选项。 划关键词：人名、专有名词、比较对象、因果词。 回原文定位。 读定位句前后各一句。 对比选项，选“同义替换”项，不选“原词堆砌但逻辑错误”项。 本篇文章重点 46题：老子名言 → 把别人看法放在心上，就永远不自由。 47题：把自我价值建立在别人认可上 → 生活徒劳且疲惫。 48题：需要被喜欢的原因 → 童年害怕被抛弃。 49题：能自我认可时 → 享受更快乐的生活。 50题：作者建议 → 爱自己本来的样子。 注意转折 文章多次出现： However Unfortunately But 这些地方最容易出题。尤其注意： 渴望爱和归属是健康的，但自我价值依赖他人认可就陷入困境。 需要被喜欢可追溯到童年害怕被抛弃。 能自我认可后，对外部认可需求消失，生活更快乐。 作者建议爱自己。 选项排除技巧 绝对化选项常错：all, never, completely, only。 无中生有常错：文章没提的内容。 张冠李戴常错：把“社会人身份”说成“自我价值”。 答非所问常错：观点正确，但不是题干所问。 Some people have said aging is more a slide into forgetfulness than a journey towards wisdom. However, a growing body of research suggests that late-in-life learning is possible. In reality, education does an aging brain good. Throughout life, people's brains constantly renovate themselves. In the late 1960s, British brain scientist Geoffrey Raisman spied growth in damaged brain regions of rats through an electron microscope; their brains were forging new connections. This meant brains may change every time a person learns something new. Of course, that doesn't mean the brain isn't affected by the effects of time. Just as height usually declines over the years, so does brain volume: Humans lose about 4 percent every decade starting in their 40s. But that reduction doesn't necessarily make people think slower; as long as we are alive and functioning, we can alter our brains with new information and experiences. In fact, scientists now suspect accumulating novel experiences, facts, and skills can keep people's minds more flexible. New pathways can strengthen our ever-changing mental structure, even as the brain shrinks. Conventional fixes like word puzzles and brain-training apps can contribute to mental durability. Even something as simple as taking a different route to the grocery store or going somewhere new on vacation can keep the brain healthy. A desire for new life challenges can further boost brainpower. Research about aging adults who take on new enterprises shows improved function and memory as well as a reduced risk of mental disease. Openness — a characteristic defined by curiosity and a desire for knowledge — may also help folks pass brain tests. Some folks are born with this take-in-the-world attitude, but those who aren't as genetically gifted aren't necessarily out of luck. While genes can encourage an interest in doing new things, a 2012 study in the journal Psychology and Aging found completing reasoning tasks like puzzles and number games can enhance that desire for novel experiences, which can, in turn, refresh the brain. That's why brain scientist Richard Kennedy says "It's not that old dogs can't learn new tricks. It's that maybe old dogs don't realize why they should." 有些人说，衰老更像走向健忘的衰退过程，而不是通往智慧的旅程。然而，越来越多的研究表明，在晚年学习是有可能的。实际上，教育对正在变老的大脑来说是有好处的。 在一生当中，人们的大脑不断地进行自我修复。在20世纪60年代后期，英国脑科学家杰弗里·雷斯曼通过电子显微镜在老鼠大脑的受损区域发现了生长的迹象；它们的大脑正在建立新的联系。这意味着每当一个人学习新东西时，他的大脑都可能会发生变化。 当然，这并不意味着大脑不受时间效果的影响。就像身高通常会随着时间的推移而变矮一样，大脑的体积也会随着时间的推移而减少：从40多岁开始，人的大脑的体积每十年就会减少约4%。但是这种减少不一定会让人们的思考速度变慢；只要我们还活着，大脑还在运转，我们就可以用新的信息和经历来改变我们的大脑。 实际上，科学家现在觉得，积累新的经历、知识和技能可以使人们的思维更加灵活。新的路径能够强化我们不断变化的脑部精神结构，即使大脑在萎缩。 传统的解决方案，如字谜游戏和脑力训练应用程序，可以提升脑部持久力。换一条不同的路线去杂货店，或去一个新的地方度假，即便是像这样简单的事情也可以保持大脑健康。 对新的生活挑战的渴望可以进一步提高脑力。对创办新企业的老年人的研究表明，他们的大脑功能和记忆力都得到了改善，同时患精神疾病的风险也降低了。开放性——一种由好奇心和对知识的渴望所定义的特征——或许也可以帮助人们通过大脑测试。有些人天生就拥有这种接纳世界的态度，但那些天生不具备这一天赋的人也并不一定不走运。虽然基因会激起人们尝试一些新事物的兴趣，但2012年发表在《心理学与衰老》杂志上的一项研究发现，完成拼图和数字游戏等推理任务可以增强人们对新体验的渴望，这反过来可以使大脑重新充满活力。这就是为什么脑科学家理查德·肯尼迪说：“不是老狗不能学习新把戏，而是老狗可能没有意识到它们为什么要这样做。” 文章主题：晚年学习对大脑有益，大脑可以不断更新 What do some people think of aging adults? A) Their wisdom grows as time goes by. B) Their memory gradually deteriorates. C) They can benefit from late-in-life learning. D) They are likely to have mental health issues. 答案：B 定位： 第1段第1句。“aging is more a slide into forgetfulness than a journey towards wisdom.” What can we conclude from Geoffrey Raisman's finding? A) Brain damage seriously hinders one's learning. B) Brain power weakens slower than we imagine. C) Brains can refresh and improve with learning. D) Brains forge connections under new conditions. 答案：C 定位： 第2段第2—3句。“their brains were forging new connections. This meant brains may change every time a person learns something new.” What is one thing that helps maintain the health of our brain even as it shrinks? A) Doing daily routines by conventional means. B) Avoiding worrying about our mental durability. C) Imitating old dogs' way of learning new tricks. D) Approaching everyday tasks in novel ways. 答案：D 定位： 第4段第2句 + 第5段第2句。“New pathways can strengthen our ever-changing mental structure, even as the brain shrinks... taking a different route to the grocery store or going somewhere new on vacation can keep the brain healthy.” What does the author say can contribute to the improvement of brain function? A) Being curious and desiring knowledge. B) Being eager to pass brain tests at an old age. C) Rising to life's challenges and avoiding risks. D) Boosting immunity to serious mental diseases. 答案：A 定位： 第6段。“Openness — a characteristic defined by curiosity and a desire for knowledge — may also help folks pass brain tests.” What is the finding of the 2012 study in the journal Psychology and Aging? A) Wishing to solve puzzles enhances one's reasoning power. B) Playing number games unexpectedly stimulates one's memory. C) Desiring new experiences can help to renovate the brain. D) Learning new tricks should not be confined to old dogs only. 答案：C 定位： 第6段。“completing reasoning tasks like puzzles and number games can enhance that desire for novel experiences, which can, in turn, refresh the brain.” 文章主题 本文讨论： 晚年学习对大脑有益。 大脑可以不断自我修复。 大脑体积随年龄减少，但不一定导致思维变慢。 积累新经历、知识和技能使思维更灵活。 传统方法如字谜、脑力训练应用有帮助。 渴望新挑战、开放性、推理任务能提升脑力。 2012年研究发现推理任务增强对新体验的渴望，从而刷新大脑。 题目定位 51题：有些人对老年人的看法 → 记忆力逐渐下降。 52题：Geoffrey Raisman 发现 → 大脑可以通过学习重新充满活力并改善。 53题：即使大脑萎缩，什么有助于维持大脑健康 → 以新颖方式处理日常任务。 54题：什么有助于改善大脑功能 → 保持好奇心和求知欲。 55题：2012年《心理学与衰老》研究 → 渴望新体验可以帮助改善大脑。 关键同义替换 memory gradually deteriorates = a slide into forgetfulness brains can refresh and improve with learning = brains may change every time a person learns something new approaching everyday tasks in novel ways = taking a different route to the grocery store or going somewhere new on vacation being curious and desiring knowledge = openness — curiosity and a desire for knowledge desiring new experiences can help to renovate the brain = enhance that desire for novel experiences, which can, in turn, refresh the brain 注意逻辑关系 However：转折处常出题。 In fact：强调处常出题。 Even something as simple as：举例处常出题。 That's why：结论处常出题。 推断题技巧 55题问“What is the finding of the 2012 study in the journal Psychology and Aging?” 第6段说： 完成拼图和数字游戏等推理任务可以增强人们对新体验的渴望。 这反过来可以使大脑重新充满活力。 因此选C“Desiring new experiences can help to renovate the brain.” 不要选A“Wishing to solve puzzles enhances one's reasoning power”，因为原文说的是推理任务增强对新体验的渴望，不是增强推理能力。 排除法 过于绝对的选项：only, never, completely, guarantee。 与原文矛盾的选项。 把“大脑体积减少”说成“脑力减弱更快”。 把“通过大脑测试”说成“渴望通过大脑测试”。 先题后文：先读10个题干，划关键词。 定位优先：专有名词、数字、引号、最高级最先找。 同义替换：不要只找原词，要看改写。 段落可重复：不要因为一段选过就完全排除。 先易后难：明显题先做，抽象题后做。 时间控制：10—12分钟。 不要通读全文：扫读定位即可。 顺序原则：题目顺序通常与文章顺序一致。 定位句前后：答案常在定位句前一句或后一句。 同义替换：正确选项多为原文改写。 转折重点：but, however, yet, on the other hand 后常出答案。 观点题：注意 researchers found, scientists argue, advocates argue。 推断题：不选原文直接复述，选合理推断。 排除法：绝对化、无中生有、张冠李戴、答非所问。 时间控制：两篇共约18—20分钟。 题号 答案 36 E 37 H 38 B 39 F 40 D 41 A 42 I 43 C 44 J 45 G 题号 答案 46 C 47 B 48 D 49 A 50 D 题号 答案 51 B 52 C 53 D 54 A 55 C
一、Section B 原文与汉语译文
Why Do Americans Work So Much?
汉语译文
为什么美国人工作时间这么长？
Section B 答题策略
Section B 答题策略
二、Section C 原文与汉语译文
Passage One
汉语译文
Passage One 答题策略
Passage One 答题策略
Passage Two
汉语译文
Passage Two 答题策略
Passage Two 答题策略
三、Section B 与 Section C 通用答题策略
Section B 段落信息匹配
Section C 仔细阅读
四、答案速查
Section B
Section C Passage One
Section C Passage Two
本文来自网友投稿或网络内容，如有侵犯您的权益请联系我们删除，联系邮箱：wyl860211@qq.com 。
