期中复习 外研九上Units1‑3语法汇总
- 2026-11-09 01:06:13
九上期中,从句正式登场——状语从句、宾语从句、被动语态。全文干货,建议收藏打印,考前扫一眼。
▍01时间状语从句:给主句动作「计时」
时间状语从句说明主句动作发生的时间,由从属连词引导。记住一句话:谁先发生,谁在前面。
▸ 常用引导词(逐个记牢)
when 当……时,可接短暂性或延续性动词,动作可同时也可先后。
✎ When the bell rang, the students went in.↳ 铃响时,学生们进去了。
while 在……期间,强调两个动作同时持续,接延续性动词。
✎ While I was doing homework, my brother was watching TV.↳ 我写作业时,弟弟在看电视。(两个动作同时进行)
before / after 在……之前 / 在……之后。
✎ Turn off the lights before you leave.↳ 离开前关灯。
✎ After he finished homework, he played.↳ 做完作业后,他去玩了。
until / till 直到……为止;
not...until 是重点结构,表示「直到……才」。
✎ He didn't go to bed until his father came back.↳ 直到爸爸回来,他才上床睡觉。
since 自从……以来,主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。
✎ Great changes have taken place since I left.↳ 自从我离开,这里发生了巨大变化。
as soon as 一……就……
✎ I'll call you as soon as I arrive.↳ 我一到就给你打电话。
whenever 无论何时 / 每当。
✎ You can come whenever you want.↳ 你想什么时候来都行。
▸ when 与 while 的区别(高频考点)
when 可接短暂性或延续性动词。
✎ I was reading when my mother came home.↳ 妈妈回家时,我正在看书。
while 通常接延续性动词,强调两个动作同时持续进行。
✎ I was reading while my brother was watching TV.↳ 我看书,弟弟看电视,同时进行。
▸ 三大时态搭配(背下这三句话)
① 主将从现:主句将来时,时间/条件从句用一般现在时。
✎ I will call you after I get home.↳ 我到家后会给你打电话。
② 主过从过:主、从句都发生在过去,按时间关系选过去相应时态。
✎ While they were having dinner, the phone rang.↳ 他们正吃晚饭时,电话响了。
③ since 特殊:主句现在完成时 + 从句一般过去时。
✎ He has lived here since he was born.↳ 他从出生起就住在这儿。
★ 主将从现口诀「主将从现」是九上最高频考点——只要是从句(时间/条件),将来时一律「退化」成现在时,千万别画蛇添足加 will!
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▍02被动语态:谁被怎么样了
被动语态表示「主语是动作的承受者」。核心结构就四个字:be + 过去分词。时态全靠 be 动词来体现。
▸ 三种常考时态的被动
一般现在时被动:am/is/are + done
✎ The book is read by many people.↳ 这本书被很多人读。
一般过去时被动:was/were + done
✎ The film was made in 2020.↳ 这部电影是2020年拍的。
一般将来时被动:will be + done 或 am/is/are going to be + done
✎ A new school will be built here.↳ 这里将建一所新学校。
▸ 主动 → 被动 转换公式
主动:主语(执行者)+ 动词 + 宾语(承受者)
被动:宾语(承受者)+ be + 过去分词 + by 执行者
✎ They will build a new school.↳ 主动:他们将建一所新学校。
✎ A new school will be built (by them).↳ 被动:一所新学校将被建。
▸ 注意事项(三条硬规则)
含双宾语变被动:直接宾语或间接宾语都可以作主语。
✎ He will give me a book.↳ 原句:他会给我一本书。
✎ I will be given a book. / A book will be given to me.↳ 两种被动都可以。
从句中将来时被动 → 用一般现在时被动代替:
✎ If the work is not finished on time, you'll be punished.↳ 如果工作没按时完成,你会受罚。
无被动的动词:系动词、表状态动词(have, belong)和不及物动词(happen, die)永远不用于被动。
⚠ 易错点❌ The accident was happened yesterday.✅ The accident happened yesterday.happen 是不及物动词,无被动!
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▍03目的与结果状语从句:so 和 such 的「分家」
这一块最容易混,但只要记住一个原则:so 后面跟「形/副」,such 后面跟「名词」。
▸ ① 目的状语从句 so that(为了;以便)
so that 引导目的状语从句,常与 can/could/will/would 连用。
✎ I get up early every day so that I can get to school on time.↳ 我每天早起,以便按时到校。
✎ He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.↳ 他早起,以便赶上首班车。
★ 替换口诀so that 从句可用 to / in order to + 动词原形 替换,句子更简洁:I get up early to / in order to get to school on time.
▸ ② 结果状语从句 so...that / such...that(如此……以至于)
so + 形容词/副词 + that:
✎ He ran so fast that nobody could catch him.↳ 他跑得如此快,以至于没人追得上。
such + 名词 + that:
✎ She is such a kind teacher that all students like her.↳ 她是如此善良的老师,以至于所有学生都喜欢她。
▸ 结构对比(so 与 such 的核心区别)
such a/an + adj. + 单数可数名词:such a kind teacher
so + adj. + a/an + 单数可数名词:so kind a teacher(注意词序!)
重点:名词前有 many/much/few/little(表数量)时,一律用 so。
✎ so many people / so much water↳ 这么多的人 / 这么多的水
⚠ 易错陷阱❌ He is so a kind teacher.✅ He is such a kind teacher. / so kind a teacher.so 和 such 后面跟的词类不同,千万别串!
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▍04宾语从句:九上第一大考点
宾语从句在句中作宾语,贯穿整个九上。三大原则:引导词、陈述语序、时态呼应。任何一个出错,整题就错。
▸ ① 引导词(看从句来源)
陈述句 → that(可省略):
✎ I think (that) he is right.↳ 我认为他是对的。
一般疑问句 → if / whether(是否):
✎ I wonder whether he'll come.↳ 我想知道他会不会来。
特殊疑问句 → 原疑问词:
✎ Can you tell me where he lives?↳ 你能告诉我他住哪儿吗?
▸ ② 语序(必用陈述语序)
核心规则:引导词 + 主语 + 谓语,从句内部绝无倒装。
⚠ 最大陷阱❌ Do you know where is he?✅ Do you know where he is?从句里主语 he 必须在 is 前面!
▸ ③ 时态呼应(主过从必过)
主句一般现在时:从句按实际需要选时态。
✎ She says she likes music.↳ 她说她喜欢音乐。
主句一般过去时:从句用过去时。
✎ He said he would come soon.↳ 他说他很快就来。
客观真理:永远用一般现在时。
✎ The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.↳ 老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
★ 宾语从句口诀「从句之内无倒装,主过从过莫相忘;真理永现记心间,引导词后跟主谓。」
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▍05数词 hundred / thousand / million
数词的坑不在难,而在「加不加 s、加不加 of」的规矩。记住两句话就稳了。
▸ ① 表确切数字:用单数,不加 s,不加 of
✎ three hundred(300)、two thousand(2,000)、five million(500万)
⚠ 易错点❌ two hundreds✅ two hundred前面有具体数字,hundred 永远用单数!
▸ ② 表模糊数量:复数 + of
✎ hundreds of(数百)、thousands of(数千)、millions of(数百万)
⚠ 易错点❌ two hundreds of✅ hundreds of模糊数量要加 s 加 of,前面不能再加数字!
▸ ③ 序数词与复合形容词
序数词表顺序,常与 the 连用:first, second, third, eighth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth…
✎ the first floor↳ 第一层
复合形容词:数字-单数名词
✎ an eight-day holiday / a three-day trip↳ 一个8天的假期 / 一次3天的旅行
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▍06让步状语从句 though / although
though / although 意为「虽然;尽管」。这条规则简单但高频出错:
它可与 yet / still 连用,但绝不能和 but 出现在同一句里。
✎ Although he is young, yet he can do it well.↳ 虽然他年轻,但他能做好。
⚠ 易错陷阱❌ Although he is young, but he…✅ 删掉 but!though / although 与 but 是「互斥」的,二选一即可。
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▍07代词辨析 one / it / that 与反身代词
▸ ① one / it / that
one 同类不同物(泛指另一个)
✎ I like this pen. I want to buy one.↳ 我喜欢这支笔,想另买一支(不是同一支)。
it 同名同物(特指)
✎ — Do you like the pen? — Yes, I like it.↳ ——你喜欢这支笔吗?——喜欢(同一支)。
that 特指那一个,常替代不可数名词或远指
✎ The weather here is warmer than that in the north.↳ 这里的天气比北方的暖和。
▸ ② 反身代词(-self / -selves)
myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
作宾语:I can do it myself.(我自己能做)
作同位语:I myself did it.(我自己做的,强调)
固定搭配:enjoy oneself 玩得开心、teach oneself 自学、by oneself 独自
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▍08join / join in / take part in
三个「参加」长得像,区别在「加入什么」:
join 加入某组织成为正式成员,或 join sb. 加入某人
✎ join the club / join the army / join us for dinner↳ 加入俱乐部 / 参军 / 和我们一起吃饭
join in 临时参与正在进行的活动
✎ join in the game / join in the discussion↳ 加入游戏 / 参与讨论
take part in 参加有组织的正式活动并发挥作用
✎ take part in the competition / take part in the meeting↳ 参加比赛 / 参加会议
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▍09期中高频易错提醒(考前必看)
01 主将从现:时间/条件状语从句中,将来时用一般现在时代替。as soon as I get home(不加 will)
02 宾语从句用陈述语序:where he is(不是 where is he)
03 被动语态 be + done:一般将来时被动是 will be done(不是 will done)
04 though/although 不与 but 连用,但可与 yet/still 连用
05 so...that / such...that 别混:so + 形/副;such + 名词;so many/much/few/little + 名词
06 so that 表目的,可用 to / in order to 替换
07 数词:确切数用单数(two hundred),模糊数加 of(hundreds of)
08 since 引导时间状语:主句现在完成时,从句一般过去时
09 主动变被动:执行者 by 可省;非延续/状态/不及物动词无被动(happen, die, belong)
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▍10今日小结:八句话记住全部
◆ 时间状语从句:when/while/before/after/until/since/as soon as,主将从现记心间
◆ 被动语态:be + 过去分词,时态全靠 be 体现;happen/belong/die 无被动
◆ 目的状语 so that:为了……,常与 can/could 连用,可换成 to / in order to
◆ 结果状语 so/such...that:so + 形副,such + 名词;many/much/few/little 用 so
◆ 宾语从句:引导词 + 陈述语序 + 时态呼应,主过从过,真理永现
◆ 数词:确切数字用单数,模糊数量加 s 加 of
◆ 让步从句:though/although 不与 but 连用,可与 yet/still 连用
◆ 代词与参加:one 泛指/it 特指/that 远指;join 组织 / join in 活动 / take part in 正式活动
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▍11专项训练(建议先不看答案)
▸一、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. I ______ (call) you as soon as I ______ (arrive) in Beijing.
2. While my sister ______ (watch) TV, I was doing my homework.
3. He ______ (read) a book when the teacher came in.
4. I'll visit you when I ______ (be) free tomorrow.
5. Great changes ______ (take) place since I left my hometown.
▸二、用 so that / so...that / such...that 填空
1. I get up early every day ______ I can catch the bus.
2. She is ______ a kind teacher ______ all the students love her.
3. He ran ______ fast ______ nobody could catch him.
4. We study hard ______ we can pass the exam.
▸三、将下列句子改为被动语态
1. They will build a new school.→ A new school ______.
2. Many people read the book.→ The book ______.
3. He made the model plane last year.→ The model plane ______.
▸四、用所给词的正确形式填空(数词)
1. There are ______ (three hundred) students in our school.
2. ______ (thousand) of people visit the Great Wall every year.
3. It's my ______ (nine) birthday today.
4. We had a ______ (三天) holiday.(用复合形容词)
▸五、单项选择
1. — Do you know ______?— He is from London.
A.where Tom isB. where is TomC. Tom is whereD. where Tom
2. The boy is so young ______ he can't go to school.
A.thatB. soC. suchD. because
3. England is ______ interesting country that many people want to visit it.
A.soB. suchC. such anD. so an
4. ______ he is young, ______ he can do the work well.
A.Though; butB. Although; butC. Though; /D. Because; so
5. He joined ______ the club last year. He often ______ the discussion.
A./; joinsB. /; joins inC. in; joinD. in; joins in
6. — Have you got the new car?— Yes, I ______ it last month.
A.buyB. boughtC. have boughtD. will buy
▸六、句型转换
1. She said, "I will come tomorrow."(改为宾语从句)
→She said ______ ______ come the next day.
2. I get up early so that I can catch the bus.(改为同义句)
→I get up early ______ ______ catch the bus.
3. They will plant many trees.(改为被动语态)
→Many trees ______ ______ planted (by them).
▸七、改错(找出并改正)
1. Could you tell me where is the station?→ ______
2. I will call you as soon as I will get home.→ ______
3. Although he is poor, but he is happy.→ ______
4. There are two hundreds students in the hall.→ ______
5. The house was belong to my uncle.→ ______
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▍参考答案专项训练解析
✓一、状语从句 / 时态
1. will call; arrive(主将从现:主句将来时,从句一般现在时)
2. was watching(while 引导表过去同时进行)
3. was reading(when 引导,主句表过去正在进行的动作,用过去进行时)
4. am(主将从现)
5. have taken(since 从句过去,主句用现在完成时)
✓二、so that / so...that / such...that
1. so that(表目的)
2. such; that(such + 名词)
3. so; that(so + 副词 fast)
4. so that(表目的)
✓三、被动语态
1. will be built (by them)
2. is read (by many people)
3. was made by him last year
✓四、数词
1. three hundred(确切数字,不加 s)
2. Thousands(模糊数量,加 of)
3. ninth(序数词)
4. three-day(复合形容词)
✓五、单项选择
1. A(宾语从句用陈述语序)
2. A(so + 形/副 + that;young 是形容词,用 so...that)
3. C(such an + adj. + 单数可数名词)
4. C(though 不与 but 连用)
5. B(join the club;join in + 活动)
6. B(last month 明确过去时间,用一般过去时)
✓六、句型转换
1. that she would(时态:主句过去,从句 will → would)
2. to / in order to
3. will be
✓七、改错
1. where is the station ✗ → where the station is(陈述语序)
2. I will get home ✗ → I get home(主将从现)
3. but ✗ → 去掉 but(though 不与 but 连用)
4. hundreds ✗ → hundred(确切数字用单数)
5. was belong ✗ → belonged(belong 表状态,无被动,用主动 belonged to my uncle)
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