2026北京人大附中高二上期中考试英语试卷
- 2026-11-09 01:05:27
2026北京人大附中高二（上）期中
英 语
说明：本试卷共3道大题71道小题，共8页，满分100分，练习时长90分钟。
请在答题纸的密封区域内填写个人信息，请将答案全部填涂在答题纸上。
第一部分：知识应用（共五节；共45分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
As a biologist and photographer, I always take my camera everywhere to take pictures of wild animals. One day, I was standing on a boat when a very large female leopard seal swam by. I put on my diving equipment and grabbed my __1__. I was frightened because she was so big. My mouth was dry, and I couldn’t even __2__. But I knew it was time to __3__ this mysterious creature.
I jumped into the freezing water. Immediately, the seal swam towards me. Then she put my entire camera and much of my head into her mouth. She pulled back and repeated this action several times, as if checking my reaction. I thought this must be a sign of __4__. Knowing panic would only make things worse, I decided to stay very calm. Although the seal was showing me her teeth, I tried not to __5__ any fear. She did it a few more times, and then swam away. To my __6__, she came back with a live penguin. And she even showed me how to eat it. Then she pushed the penguin into my camera – she thought the camera was my mouth!
Being a biologist, I understood that she was trying to __7__ me. But I thought she was really trying to communicate with me. Once, she even drove away another leopard seal that swam near me, as if protecting me. At this point, she didn’t seem very __8__. She stayed by me and took care of me for four days.
I got many amazing pictures during those four days. And, more importantly, I’ve learned that animals do not always behave the way we __9__. I believe the __10__ experience I had with this powerful and intelligent animal will stay with me forever.
1. A. knife B. camera C. bag D. gun
2. A. fight B. escape C. swim D. move
3. A. rescue B. seize C. adopt D. approach
4. A. threat B. sympathy C. reward D. respect
5. A. confirm B. overcome C. show D. reduce
6. A. surprise B. regret C. satisfaction D. sorrow
7. A. attack B. comfort C. feed D. assess
8. A. reliable B. sensitive C. ambitious D. dangerous
9. A. admire B. expect C. demand D. promise
10. A. desperate B. incredible C. amusing D. bittersweet
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
At this week’s London Marathon, a runner saw a competitor who needed help. The competitor had fallen to the ground, so he picked him up. When he __11__ (fall) down again, he decided to support him to the finish line 200 metres away. Matthew, the runner who __12__ (selfless) helped his competitor, became famous on the Internet. The two runners became friends and __13__ (meet) at next year’s London Marathon, hopefully.
B
A warning system __14__ (prevent) drivers from falling asleep was introduced at the 2026 China International Fair for Trade in Services, which __15__ (hold) from September 4 to 9 in Beijing. The system, __16__ (develop) to watch drivers’ eye movements, can judge whether the driver is sleepy by monitoring how long the driver’s eyes close. If the driver is tired, the system will sound an alarm __17__ the driver’s eyes reopen. In the future, other dangerous driving behaviors, such as not wearing a seat belt and making phone calls while driving, might also be added into this warning system.
C
Self-reliance is a significant element in being an independent person. When you can make decisions for yourself __18__ relying on others to approve your choice, you are acting independently. A person __19__ is self-reliant and makes decisions with confidence is going to find themselves being relied on. This can make them feel more valuable. However, people relying heavily on others for support are seen as needy and __20__ (demand). These are not attractive features in someone’s personality and might lead to losing friends.
第三节 词组填空（共10小题；每题0.5分，共5分）
用方框内词组的正确形式填空，每个词组限用一次。
associate with; be appreciative of; give away; boil down to;
wipe out; at risk; be committed to; take up; obsess over; get ahead;
21. If you want to __________ in your career, continuous learning is necessary.
22. Many people tend to __________ small details and ignore the bigger picture.
23. No matter how complicated life decisions seem, they often __________ what you truly value.
24. We __________ your generous support and timely help.
25. Jane __________ the post at Harvard University last year.
26. Nearly all dinosaurs __________ in that mass-extinction event.
27. Without regular exercise, people of all ages are __________ of developing health problems.
28. He doesn’t like to __________ those who are dishonest.
29. Last year, Mrs. Dalloway __________ all her old books to the children in the mountain area.
30. At that time, all our teachers __________ providing high-quality education for every student.
第四节 单词填空（共10小题，每小题0.5分，共5分）
按提示用单词的正确形式填空，每空一词，并把完整单词写在答题卡相应位置。
31. Social networking d__________ my life in so many ways.
社交网络在方方面面支配着我的生活。
32. I spend too much time s__________ online.
我花很多时间在网上和朋友社交。
33. I have always lived my life to e__________.
我这一生总是不断挑战极限。
34. That is the way I roll, no matter what I’m a__________ myself to.
我向来如此，无论我全身心投入去攻克的是什么目标。
35. Our country is in u__________ need of talented people.
我们国家迫切需要人才。
36. Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area is a u__________ nature wonder.
九寨沟风景名胜区是一处独一无二的自然奇观。
37. The valley is also home to many protected species of plants and e__________ animals.
该山谷是众多受保护植物以及濒危动物的家园。
38. C__________ to popular belief, a desert can be very cold.
和普遍的看法相反的是，沙漠上会非常寒冷。
39. C__________ on a superb performance!
演出棒极了！祝贺你！
40. You’ll need to convince them of your e__________ for the job in the interview.
在采访中你需要使他们相信你对这份工作的热情。
第五节 词义辨析（共10小题；每小题0.5分，共5分）
从方框中选择合适的单词填空。每个单词只用一次。注意：多给出1个单词。
A. integrate B. prompt C. validate D. correlate E. subject F. soar
Our school launched a project to explore how sleep affects students’ academic performance. Our team decided to __41__ students’ test scores with their daily sleep hours. To collect reliable data, we designed a short questionnaire. We then set out to __42__ the information from the questionnaires and school records into a single database. When we presented our findings at a school assembly, interest in the importance of sleep began to __43__. Our findings also helped to __44__ further discussions about how students could develop healthier sleeping habits and how schools should not __45__ students to unnecessary stress.
A. accountable B. distinctive C. substantially D. mere E. outbreak F. joint
Our biology research team has built a __46__ small greenhouse for our __47__ school gardening project, which brings together students from three different classes, to shelter young plants from sudden strong winds for our school gardening project. Every team member is __48__ for caring for their assigned plants. This work is no __49__ casual hobby and it is __50__ more demanding than we first imagined.
第二部分 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，共40分）
第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
A
Explore your world – Mirthy
Online events to help you discover, learn and connect
What is Mirthy?
Mirthy is one of the most popular websites for online events and already loved and trusted by more than 45,000 people. It was designed to create an inclusive community where people can learn, share, and connect with others through a variety of events that are active, sociable, and uplifting. It’s all about fulfilment and wellbeing.
There are online events each month to try, from craft workshops to fitness sessions. For example, according to our event calendar, this week you can attend gardening classes and singing lessons. So whether you have a desire to get fitter or pick up a new skill—signing up for classes and events with Mirthy could just be what you have been looking for.
How does it work?
Sign up via the online registration form at Mirthy.com. Then you can take a look through the calendar of upcoming events and see what takes your fancy.
Once you register for an event, you will then receive a link on email ready for you to join the live event. If your plans change and you can’t make it, you will receive a link for a 7-day replay that you can watch at a time that is convenient for you!
Best of all, it’s completely FREE to join
Join Mirthy for free today, and you can enjoy any 4 events every month for free! If you’re up for more than 4, then you can select and book additional events on a pay-as-you-go basis, normally for £2.99 each, or else upgrade to the Premium membership giving you full free access to all events for only £4.99 per month.
If you choose to go for the Premium membership, there’s no contract. You simply upgrade your membership and you can cancel anytime.
51. What can people do at Mirthy this week?
A. Make art crafts.
B. Learn songs.
C. Study wild plants and animals.
D. Talk about fitness experience.
52. Which of the following is true about Mirthy?
A. People can sign up for the events online.
B. The events can be watched again at any time.
C. No more than 4 events are offered each month.
D. People can upgrade their membership for free.
53. What’s the main purpose of this passage?
A. To share a lifestyle.
B. To introduce online events.
C. To recommend a website.
D. To explain a registration process.
B
Ever since I was a young boy, I’ve had a taste for adventure, but I never imagined this would lead to my chosen career.
My work as an expedition doctor has taken me all over the world, from the mosquito-infested wet land in Africa to the untouched wilderness of Antarctica. However, my favorite trips, and the ones in which I now specialize, are those involving mountains. Never do I feel more inspired by nature than when I look up at their towering peaks and begin to prepare myself mentally for the challenges ahead.
I trained as a doctor in the UK, but there was little in that training to prepare me to deal with a broken leg during a storm on the side of a mountain! In fact, I’d say that medical skills come some way down the list of job requirements, after stamina (耐力), problem-solving and communication.
This kind of medicine is a million miles away from the controlled, clean environment of a hospital, and your medical kit basically consists of whatever you can carry, so you sometimes have to use whatever is available. For example, I’ve learned that some drugs can be used for several conditions, and I’ve even had to cut branches off a small tree to make a piece of wood to support a broken arm.
Now I do most of my work for adventure holiday companies, travelling to remote places. When I started out, these holidays were quite rare, but they have become much more mainstream now that we’ve all seen celebrities climbing Kilimanjaro or watched reality shows about people exploring jungles.
I do have mixed feelings about all these people with large amounts of income coming to poor areas just for their own enjoyment, so I try to make sure that the companies I work for have high moral standards and bring advantages to the local communities. And of course, tourism provides employment, and also opens the eyes of visitors to the hardship that many people are forced to go through.
54. What made the author choose his career?
A. His love of nature.
B. His talent for medicine.
C. His desire for adventure.
D. His sense of responsibility.
55. What does the author find tough in his work as an expedition doctor?
A. Reducing potential risks.
B. Adapting to local customs.
C. Dealing with emergencies.
D. Surviving in the wilderness.
56. According to the author, the companies he now works for should ______.
A. offer tourists challenges and security
B. satisfy tourists and make more profits
C. bring benefits to the local communities
D. build tourists’ mental and physical well-being
57. What words can best describe the expedition doctor?
A. Ambitious and easy-going
B. Adventurous and responsible
C. Generous and humorous
D. Cautious and enthusiastic
C
Many plants – one or more species of at least 68 different families – can produce sweet liquid even when they have no blossoms, because they bear extrafloral nectaries (花外蜜腺) on stems, leaves, leaf stems, or other structures. These plants usually grow where ants are numerous, most in hot rainy areas but some in mild-temperature areas. Among those in northeastern North America are various plum, cherry, rose, hawthorn, poplar, and oak plants. Like flower nectar, this sweet liquid outside flowers is mostly water with much dissolved sugar and, in some plants, small amounts of amino acids (氨基酸). We know the nectaries of some plants draw ants and other insects, but how these plants developed such structures is still unclear. Even so, most biologists think all these nectaries attract insects that will guard the plant.
Ants are perhaps the most common and certainly the most steady defenders of plants. Since highly active worker ants need plenty of energy, plants meet this need by making sweet liquid outside flowers to supply ants with rich energy. To pay back this help, ants guard the nectary structures, driving away or killing harmful insects that may compete with ants for the sweet liquid. Sometimes they capture the insects to feed their protein-hungry larvae (幼虫). Many of these harmful insects eat plant leaves.
Biologists once believed that making this sweet liquid outside flowers only served the plant’s own body needs, and ants brought no good to these plants at all. This view and the opposite “protection” idea – that ants protect plants – were argued for more than one hundred years. In 1910, William Morton Wheeler, who doubted this “protection” idea, commented on the debate. He asked for evidence to support the protection view: ants’ visits protect plants; without ants, far more plants would die or fail to bloom and form seeds than when ants are present. We now have plenty of such facts. Barbara Bentley summed up related research in 1977, and more later studies and tests have further proved that ants do good to plants.
One example shows how ants drawn by these nectaries protect morning glories (牵牛花) from harmful insects. The main insects that attack North American morning glories feed mostly on its flowers or fruits instead of its leaves. Grasshoppers that eat flowers stop pollination (授粉) and seed formation indirectly. They destroy the corolla (flower petals) or the stigma (the part that receives pollen). Without colorful petals, flowers cannot attract pollinators and cannot be fertilized. One adult grasshopper can eat a large petal circle, about 2.5 inches long, within an hour. Caterpillars and seed beetles reduce seed production directly. Caterpillars eat the ovaries (parts where seeds grow), and young seed beetles eat seeds while they dig inside developing fruits.
Extrafloral nectaries at the base of each sepal attract several kinds of insects, but 96 percent of them are ants of different kinds. When buds are still tiny, less than a quarter of an inch long, these nectaries are already working and making sweet liquid. They keep working while flowers grow and fruits ripen. Observations strongly suggest that ants protect morning glory flowers and fruits from grasshoppers, caterpillars and seed beetles. Bentley compared seed production of six plants growing without ants with seventeen plants with ants around them. Plants without ant protection produced only 45 seeds each, while plants guarded by ants produced 211 seeds each. Ants are too small to kill or seriously hurt grasshoppers, but they bite grasshoppers’ feet and force them to leave. Seed beetles are easier to attack because they are much smaller than grasshoppers. Ants hunt adult beetles, disturb female beetles when they lay eggs on young fruits, and eat many of the eggs laid.
58. What can be inferred about the ants that are attracted to the extrafloral nectaries?
A. They often fight with one another for the sweet liquid.
B. They live almost only on this sweet liquid outside flowers.
C. They spend most of their energy watching over the nectary structures.
D. They do not eat the leaves of the plants that produce this sweet liquid.
59. What role does paragraph 4 play in the passage?
A. It explains how insects find sources of sweet liquid.
B. It introduces the first study that proved ants help plants.
C. It provides different kinds of evidence for the “protection” idea.
D. It presents information that partly goes against the “protection” idea.
60. What did Bentley’s comparison study show?
A. Far more plants grew in places with ants than in places without ants.
B. The ants preferred plants with low seed output to those with high seed output.
C. Plants growing without ants were much smaller and weaker than those with ants.
D. Plants protected by ants produced far more seeds than plants without ant protection.
61. What is the best title for this passage?
A. Sweet Rewards for Plant Defenders
B. Tiny Guards for Vulnerable Plants
C. Deadly Pests of Morning Glory
D. Fierce Fights for Nectar Treasures
D
The story of the emperor’s new clothes is one of Andersen’s best-known fables. Conmen (骗子) fool the emperor into believing they have made him a fabulous suit that the unworthy will be unable to see. Courtiers (侍从) dare not say that the emperor is naked; it takes a child to point out the obvious.
The moral is that people often stay silent for fear of looking foolish or out of line, even when they can see the plain truth. How many companies have ploughed ahead with expensive projects that were favoured by the chief executive, even when other managers have had doubts?
In his new book Rebel Ideas: The Power of Diverse Thinking, Matthew Syed argues that the key to dealing with this problem is “cognitive diversity”, in other words, assembling a team of people with different perspectives and intellectual backgrounds.
People from different backgrounds approach problems from different angles—that much should be blindingly obvious. It is not just about selecting people for teams from both sexes and various ethnicities. Hire only Cambridge politics graduates or Harvard MBAs or Stanford software engineers and they will have studied under the same professors and absorbed similar world views regardless of their gender or skin colour.
In the modern world, with all its complexity, cooperation is essential if breakthroughs are to be made. In science and engineering, 90% of papers are now written by teams rather than individuals. Analysis of American patent fillings since 1975 showed teams dominate in every one of the 36 defined categories.
There is another element to selecting a good team: ensuring that those viewpoints are heard and respected. That may not happen if those in charge are overbearing. A study of over 300 projects by the Rotterdam School of Management found that those led by junior managers were more likely to succeed than those led by senior managers—maybe because other team members were less scared about pointing out potential dangers to someone lower down the pecking order (权力等级).
The ability to speak up within an organization, without fear of punishment, is known as “psychological safety”. Mr. Syed cites a study of teams at Google, which found that self-reported psychological safety was by far the most important factor behind successful teamwork at the technology giant.
One way to overcome shyness while brainstorming, for instance, is for everyone to write down their ideas but ensure their names are never known. That way, opinions about thoughts are less closely tied to the seniority of the thinker and can be tested against each other with less fear or favour.
62. The author mentioned one of Andersen’s best-known fables to ______.
A. prove children’s wisdom over adults
B. blame team leaders for blind decisions
C. reveal the risk of lacking different voices
D. praise the value of honesty and bravery
63. What does the phrase “ploughed ahead” in paragraph 2 most probably mean?
A. continued bravely despite doubts
B. paused to listen to different views
C. cut down the cost of the projects
D. worked out detailed plans in advance
64. According to the passage, which of the following makes an effective team?
A. Employing graduates with excellent academic training.
B. Appointing seniors with rich experience in team leading.
C. Assembling a team of people from diverse backgrounds.
D. Selecting members who are committed and loyal to the leader.
65. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. Different voices can contribute to the complexity of the world.
B. With less information revealed, one is more ready to air his view.
C. A team led by junior managers faces greater risks from pecking order.
D. Unity, agreement and cooperation are necessary for team effectiveness.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In our modern world, there are endless alternatives. Have you ever found yourself wondering whether you should quit or stay in your job, accept an offer or give it up for another? __66__ It is about finding out the opportunity cost. When you understand the concept, you have the power to measure every alternative with precision and make the right decision.
In the field of economics, opportunity cost is the value that you have to give up when you choose an option over another good option. __67__ Every time you choose something, you give up other alternatives together with their financial benefits. It is not all the other options, but the most valued one that is defined as the opportunity cost.
__68__ Take the simple example of trying to decide whether to take public transportation for 80 minutes or to drive for 40 minutes. You might save on the cost of gas while riding the bus but double the trip length and miss out on other things you could have done during that time. __69__ This is how you create priorities in your daily life.
Though useful in decision making, the biggest drawback of opportunity cost is that it’s often related to what’s hard to quantify. This is especially true when the opportunity cost is of non-financial benefit. __70__
Opportunity cost isn’t cut and dried. It varies from person to person. At the end of the day, you are in charge of what you own and what you want to gain.
A. Weigh the losses and gains, and make your decision.
B. There is a simple and practical method that solves this problem.
C. Opportunity cost matters not only in economics but also in real life.
D. After all, putting a number to your peace of mind or happiness can be difficult.
E. The key principle underlying the idea is that there is no such thing as free lunch.
F. Most people overlook opportunity cost because the benefits are usually hidden from view.
G. It is the development of important skills that would help you move forward in your daily life.
第三部分 书面表达（共15分）
71. Some people believe that it is better to live a short yet shining life of great achievements, while others argue that a long, peaceful ordinary life is more valuable. Write a for and against essay on the topic. Discuss both views and share your idea.
注意：字数不少于100词。
参考答案
第一部分 知识应用
第一节 完形填空（1–10）
1 B
2 D
3 D
4 A
5 C
6 A
7 C
8 D
9 B
10 B
第二节 语法填空（11–20）
11 fell
12 selflessly
13 will meet
14 to prevent
15 was held
16 developed
17 until
18 without
19 who
20 demanding
第三节 词组填空（21–30）
21 get ahead
22 obsess over
23 boil down to
24 are appreciative of
25 took up
26 were wiped out
27 at risk
28 associate with
29 gave away
30 were committed to
第四节 单词填空（31–40）
31 dominates
32 socializing
33 extremes
34 applying
35 urgent
36 unique
37 endangered
38 Contrary
39 Congratulations
40 enthusiasm
第五节 词义辨析（41–50）
41 D (correlate)
42 A (integrate)
43 F (soar)
44 B (prompt)
45 E (subject)
46 B (distinctive)
47 F (joint)
48 A (accountable)
49 D (mere)
50 C (substantially)
第二部分 阅读理解
第一节 阅读选择（51–65）
51 B
52 A
53 C
54 C
55 C
56 C
57 B
58 C
59 C
60 D
61 A
62 C
63 A
64 C
65 D
第二节 七选五（66–70）
66 B
67 E
68 C
69 A
70 D
第三部分 书面表达
第71题为书面表达（for and against essay），属开放性作文，不提供参考答案。
