考研英语一历年真题、解析及答案
1999年考研英语一阅读理解真题text3
P1
英文原文An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students' career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. Very few writers on the subject have explored this distinction— indeed, contradiction— which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom.
中文翻译一条无形的界限，将两类人划分开来：一类人主张将计算机引入课堂是为了学生的职业前景，另一类人则认为这么做是为了更宏大的目标 —— 彻底的教育改革。探讨这一话题的作者中，鲜少有人探究过这种区别 —— 甚至可以说是矛盾 —— 而这正是计算机进课堂运动存在问题的核心所在。
单词短语讲解
- invisible
- 词根：in-（否定前缀） + vis（看，源自拉丁语 videre） + -ible（能…… 的）
- 例句：The bacteria are invisible to the naked eye.
- on the behalf of
- 例句：She spoke on behalf of all the employees at the meeting.
- career prospects
- 例句：A master's degree can improve your career prospects in this field.
- radical
- 词根：radic（根，源自拉丁语 radix） + -al（形容词后缀）
- 例句：The country needs a radical reform of its tax system.
- distinction
- 词根：distinct（清晰的；有区别的） + -ion（名词后缀）
- 例句：There is a clear distinction between hobby and work.
- contradiction
- 词根：contra-（相反） + dict（说，源自拉丁语 dicere） + -ion（名词后缀）
- 例句：His words are in contradiction with his actions.
- go to the heart of
- 例句：This question goes to the heart of our company's values.
- campaign
- 词根：camp（田野，源自拉丁语） + -aign（名词后缀）
- 例句：The school launched a campaign to encourage recycling.
P2
英文原文An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law. It is not simply to raise everyone's job prospects that all children are legally required to attend school into their teens. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. But this was not always the case, before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age, it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education. With optimism characteristic of all industrialized countries, we came to accept that everyone is fit to be educated. Computer-education advocates forsake this optimistic notion for a pessimism that betrays their otherwise cheery outlook. Banking on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools, computer-ed advocates often emphasize the job prospects of graduates over their educational achievement.
中文翻译以帮助学生找到某种特定工作为目的的教育，是职业技术教育，其存在的合理性依据，与法律规定全民必须接受教育的原因截然不同。法律规定所有儿童必须上学至十几岁，其目的绝非仅仅是为了提升每个人的就业前景。相反，我们对美国公民有着特定的构想：一个公民如果无法切实地判断自身的生计与幸福会受到外界事物怎样的影响，那么他的人格就是不完整的。但情况并非向来如此，在法律强制要求所有儿童接受义务教育至特定年龄之前，人们普遍认为，有些人天生就不具备接受这类教育的资质。伴随着所有工业化国家共有的乐观精神，我们逐渐开始认同：人人都适合接受教育。然而，计算机教育的倡导者却抛弃了这种乐观理念，转而陷入一种悲观论调 —— 这种态度与他们原本积极向上的观点相悖。这些倡导者寄希望于公众混淆将计算机引入校园的教育目的与职业目的，常常一味强调毕业生的就业前景，而忽视了他们的教育成就。
单词短语讲解
- aim at
- 例句：The new policy aims at reducing air pollution.
- justified
- 词根：just（公正的；正当的） + -ify（使……） + -ed（形容词后缀）
- 例句：Her decision to quit the job is fully justified.
- universally
- 词根：universe（宇宙） + -al（形容词后缀） + -ly（副词后缀）
- 例句：The idea of freedom is universally valued.
- conception
- 词根：conceive（构想；怀孕） + -tion（名词后缀）
- 例句：He has a clear conception of what he wants to achieve.
- competently
- 词根：competent（有能力的；胜任的） + -ly（副词后缀）
- 例句：She handled the difficult situation competently.
- assess
- 词根：源自拉丁语 assidere（坐在一旁评估）
- 例句：The teacher needs to assess the students' performance fairly.
- livelihood
- 词根：live（生活） + -lihood（名词后缀，表生计）
- 例句：Farming is the main livelihood for people in this village.
- be equipped by nature
- 例句：Some people are equipped by nature with a talent for music.
- pursue
- 例句：He decided to pursue a career in medicine.
- characteristic of
- 例句：Politeness is characteristic of the British people.
- advocate
- 词根：ad-（加强） + voc（喊叫，源自拉丁语 vocare） + -ate（表人 / 动词）
- 例句：She is an advocate of women's rights.
- forsake
- 例句：He forsook his old habits and started a new life.
- pessimism
- 词根：pessim（最坏的，源自拉丁语） + -ism（名词后缀，表主义）
- 例句：His pessimism about the future made everyone worried.
- betray
- 例句：His actions betrayed his true intentions.
- cheery
- 词根：cheer（欢呼；愉快） + -y（形容词后缀）
- 例句：She has a cheery personality that attracts many friends.
- bank on
- 例句：We are banking on your support to finish the project.
- vocational
- 词根：voc（职业，源自拉丁语 vocatio） + -ational（形容词后缀）
- 例句：The college offers vocational courses in nursing and engineering.
- emphasize...over...
- 例句：The company emphasizes quantity over quality, which leads to problems.
P3
英文原文There are some good arguments for a technical education given the right kind of student. Many European schools introduce the concept of professional training early on in order to make sure children are properly equipped for the professions they want to join. It is, however, presumptuous to insist that there will only be so many jobs for so many scientists, so many businessmen, so many accountants. Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.
中文翻译对于合适的学生群体而言，职业技术教育的存在确实有其充分的理由。许多欧洲学校很早就引入了职业培训的理念，以确保孩子们能够为自己未来想要从事的职业做好充分准备。然而，如果武断地认为，社会上只会有这么多的岗位留给科学家、商人和会计师，那就未免过于自以为是了。此外，在我们这样一个幅员辽阔的国家，经济遍布多个州，又涉及众多跨国公司，这种模式也不太可能培养出各行各业所需数量的专业人才。
单词短语讲解
- given
- 例句：Given his experience, he is the best person for the job.
- professional training
- 例句：The company provides professional training for new employees.
- early on
- 例句：We realized early on that the plan was not feasible.
- presumptuous
- 词根：presume（假定；擅自） + -ptuous（形容词后缀）
- 例句：It is presumptuous to judge someone without knowing them well.
- accountant
- 词根：account（账目） + -ant（表人）
- 例句：She works as an accountant in a large company.
- spread over
- 例句：The forest spreads over an area of 100 square kilometers.
- international corporations
- 例句：Many international corporations have set up branches in this city.
P4
英文原文But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not. Of course, the basics of using any computer these days are very simple. It does not take a lifelong acquaintance to pick up various software programs. If one wanted to become a computer engineer, that is, of course, an entirely different story. Basic computer skills take—at the very longest—a couple of months to learn. In any case, basic computer skills are only complementary to the host of real skills that are necessary to becoming any kind of professional. It should be observed, of course, that no school, vocational or not, is helped by a confusion over its purpose.
中文翻译不过，对于一小部分学生来说，职业培训或许是一条可行之路 —— 因为在其他所有条件相同的情况下，扎实娴熟的技能，可能就是决定能否找到工作的关键因素。当然，如今操作计算机的基本技能非常简单，掌握各类软件程序并不需要花费毕生的时间去钻研。但如果有人想成为一名计算机工程师，那情况自然就截然不同了。即便学习最基础的计算机技能，耗时最多也就几个月。无论如何，基础的计算机技能，都只是对那些成为任何一类专业人才所必需的大量核心技能的补充。当然，我们应当认识到，任何一所学校，无论是否为职业类学校，若其办学宗旨模糊不清，都绝不会从中受益。
单词短语讲解
- the way to go
- 例句：For people who want to lose weight, regular exercise is the way to go.
- all other factors being equal
- 例句：All other factors being equal, a candidate with more experience will be preferred.
- basics
- 词根：basic（基础的；基本的） + -s（复数名词后缀）
- 例句：The course covers the basics of English grammar.
- lifelong acquaintance
- 例句：Learning a language is a lifelong acquaintance, not a one-time task.
- pick up
- 例句：She picked up French quickly while living in Paris.
- an entirely different story
- 例句：Playing basketball for fun is one thing; playing professionally is an entirely different story.
- at the very longest
- 例句：The project will take two weeks, at the very longest.
- complementary
- 词根：complement（补充；补足） + -ary（形容词后缀）
- 例句：Reading and writing are complementary skills in language learning.
- the host of
- 例句：The new policy has brought a host of problems to small businesses.
- confusion over
- 例句：There is a lot of confusion over the new tax regulations.
10个月宝宝每天需要喝多少奶粉？
